Term IRI Term label Parent term IRI Parent term label Alternative term Definition http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000027 data item http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000030 information content entity data An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000300 textual entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000030 information content entity text A textual entity is a part of a manifestation (FRBR sense), a generically dependent continuant whose concretizations are patterns of glyphs intended to be interpreted as words, formulas, etc. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000070 assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000011 planned process scientific observation A planned process with the objective to produce information about the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000093 patient role http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000023 role patient a role which inheres in a person and is realized by the process of being under the care of a physician or health care provider http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000169 placebo role http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000023 role placebo a negative reference substance is a reference role in which the substance playing the reference substance role is physically similar in appearance to the test substance http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000661 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000070 assay ELISA An analyte assay where binding of an enzyme linked antibody to a material entity that is immobilized on solid support is detected utilizing a chemiluminescent reaction. Depending on the setup, the enzyme-linked antibody could be binding directly to the analyte, or it serves as a secondary antibody detecting binding of the primary antibody to the analyte. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000674 center value http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000027 data item median A data item that is produced as the output of a center calculation data transformation and represents the center value of the input data. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000916 flow cytometry assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000070 assay FACS A cytometry assay in which an input cell population is put in solution, is passed by a laser, and optical sensors are used to detect scattering of the laser light and/or fluorescence of specific markers to count and characterize the particles in solution. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 device http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000040 material entity instrument A material entity that is designed to perform a function in a scientific investigation, but is not a reagent. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CTO_0000220 clinical trial http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000011 planned process interventional trial a clinical trial is a medical interventional study where participants are assigned prospectively to an intervention or interventions according to a protocol to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the intervention(s) on biomedical or other health related outcomes. The Interventions include but are not restricted to drugs, cells and other biological products, surgical procedures, radiologic procedures, devices, behavioral treatments, process-of-care changes, preventive care, etc. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OAE_0000001 adverse event http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000015 process adverse reaction a pathological bodily process that occurs after a medical intervention. An adverse event is likely caused by the medical intervention; however, such a causal association is not required to be an adverse event. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000451 cell lineage biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000445 biomarker cell type marker A biomarker that is an indicator of a cell lineage or cell type http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000458 DNA biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000452 molecular biomarker genomic biomarker A molecular biomarker at the DNA gene level http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000459 RNA biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000452 molecular biomarker transcriptomic biomarker A molecular biomarker at the RNA level http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CARO_0000043 tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000465 material anatomical entity portion of tissue Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/STATO_0000415 accuracy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000027 data item Rand index in the context of binary classification, accuracy is defined as the proportion of true results (both true positives and true negatives) to the total number of cases examined (the sum of true positive, true negative, false positive and false negative). It can be understood as a measure of the proximity of measurement results to the true value. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/STATO_0000416 precision http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000027 data item positive predictive value precision or positive predictive value is defined as the proportion of the true positives against all the positive results (both true positives and false positives) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAXO_0000647 chemotherapy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAXO_0000002 therapeutic procedure The use of synthetic or naturally-occurring chemicals for the treatment of diseases. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ONS_0000098 susceptibility biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000445 biomarker Measurable indicator including genetic or acquired host factors and intrinsic factors, influencing the response of an individual to a (dietary) exposure. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000051 epigenetic biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000445 biomarker A biomarker that measures epigenetic alterations, such as DNA methylation, histone methylation, histone acetylation, microRNAs, or other non-coding RNA. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35341 steroid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18059 lipid Any of naturally occurring compounds and synthetic analogues, based on the cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene carbon skeleton, partially or completely hydrogenated; there are usually methyl groups at C-10 and C-13, and often an alkyl group at C-17. By extension, one or more bond scissions, ring expansions and/or ring contractions of the skeleton may have occurred. Natural steroids are derived biogenetically from squalene which is a triterpene. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17347 testosterone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35341 steroid An androstanoid having 17beta-hydroxy and 3-oxo groups, together with unsaturation at C-4-C-5.. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17855 triglyceride http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23367 molecular entity Any glyceride resulting from the condensation of all three hydroxy groups of glycerol (propane-1,2,3-triol) with fatty acids. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18059 lipid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23367 molecular entity 'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23367 molecular entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24431 chemical entity Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24431 chemical entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000030 object A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24432 biological role http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000023 role A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27680 galactomannan http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23367 molecular entity A heteroglycan consisting of a mannan backbone with galactose side groups. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27899 cisplatin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23367 molecular entity A diamminedichloroplatinum compound in which the two ammine ligands and two chloro ligands are oriented in a cis planar configuration around the central platinum ion. An anticancer drug that interacts with, and forms cross-links between, DNA and proteins, it is used as a neoplasm inhibitor to treat solid tumours, primarily of the testis and ovary. Commonly but incorrectly described as an alkylating agent due to its mechanism of action (but it lacks alkyl groups). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_47774 low-density lipoprotein cholesterol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23367 molecular entity Cholesterol esters and free cholesterol which are contained in or bound to low-density lipoproteins (LDL). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_47775 high-density lipoprotein cholesterol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23367 molecular entity Cholesterol esters and free cholesterol which are contained in or bound to high-density lipoproteins (HDL). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000015561 osteopontin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000000001 protein A protein that is a translation product of the human SPP1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000016276 trefoil factor 3 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000000001 protein A protein that is a translation product of the human TFF3 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000016506 troponin I, cardiac muscle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000000001 protein A protein that is a translation product of the human TNNI3 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000016509 troponin T, cardiac muscle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000000001 protein A protein that is a translation product of the human TNNT2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MPATH_34 amyloid deposition http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MPATH_0 pathological entity Extracellular deposition of amyloid protein. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MP_0003674 oxidative stress http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008152 metabolic process condition characterized by an accumulation of free radical groups in the body, which creates a potentially unstable and damaging cellular environment linked to tissue damage, accelerated aging, and degenerative disease; can result from many factors, including exposure to alcohol, medications, poor nutrition, trauma, cold or toxins; may be indicated by low antioxidant levels measured in blood plasma http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MP_0005331 insulin resistance http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SYMP_0000462 symptom diminished effectiveness of insulin in lowering plasma glucose levels http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MPATH_3 apoptosis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_1110122 pathologic process Energy dependent cell death induced by intrinsic genetic or developmental programme, or external stimuli such as addition or withdrawal of cytokines or trophic factors, radiation, chemotherapeutic agents etc. Characterised by cell shrinkage, increases in membrane permeability, endonucleolyis and nuclear fragmentation resulting in the formation of rapidly endocytosed apoptotic bodies. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0008328 chronotype measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004870 sleep measurement quantification of some aspect of chronotype such as ease of getting up in the morning http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0008341 snoring measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004870 sleep measurement quantification of some aspect of snoring such as frequency or severity http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0008351 amyloid deposition measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement quantification of some aspect of the deposition of amyloid proteins in an organ http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0008431 maximal voluntary ventilation http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0003892 pulmonary function measurement Qunatification of the maximum volume of air that an organism can breathe in and out during a specified period of time, often 1 minute. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0043510 brain injury http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4 disease Acute and chronic (see also brain INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and brain STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICO_0000233 regulatory document http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C19498 Document A document that either prescribes actions or prescribes the permissions, obligations, restrictions, or protections relating to public or legal policy. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000143 transplantation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAXO_0000002 therapeutic procedure A therapeutic procedure in which a body part is transferred into a organism http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008334 donor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000004 independent continuant A person who makes a donation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000035 qualified biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000445 biomarker Qualified biomarkers have the potential to provide valuable information that may reduce uncertainty in regulatory decisions during drug development. When a biomarker is qualified, it means that it has undergone a formal regulatory process to ensure that we can rely on it to have a specific interpretation and application in medical product development and regulatory review, within the stated context of use (COU) . It is important to note that a biomarker is qualified, and not the biomarker measurement method. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000129 gait cycle time http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement Gait cycle time is an important parameter in the study of human locomotion and biomechanics. It refers to the duration of a complete gait cycle, which encompasses all the phases of walking from one foot making contact with the ground to the same foot making contact again. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000142 horvath clock http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000139 epigenetic clock The Horvath Clock, developed by Dr. Steve Horvath in 2013, is a groundbreaking epigenetic clock that estimates biological age based on DNA methylation patterns. This clock is widely regarded as one of the most accurate and versatile tools for measuring biological aging across different tissues and cell types. The Horvath Clock uses the methylation levels at specific CpG sites (regions of DNA where a cytosine nucleotide is followed by a guanine nucleotide) to estimate an individual’s biological age. Methylation at these sites tends to correlate strongly with chronological age, but it can also reveal biological age, reflecting an individual's health status and aging rate. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000149 regenerative capacity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0252 biological feature Regenerative capacity is a complex trait dependent on the ability to access high-fidelity morphogenetic programmes after injury. It is distributed unequally among species and, within individuals, among their tissues. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement A metric is a quantifiable measure or indicator used to assess, analyze, and evaluate performance, progress, or quality in various contexts. Metrics provide objective data that can be compared, tracked over time, and used to make informed decisions, set goals, and drive improvement. In different fields and industries, metrics serve specific purposes and may encompass a wide range of parameters, variables, and key performance indicators (KPIs). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000033 concentration of http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001241 physical object quality A quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000044 frequency http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000027 process quality A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the number of the bearer's repetitive actions in a particular time. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000085 sensitivity toward http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001241 physical object quality A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to detect or perceive external stimulation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001241 physical object quality http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000019 quality A quality which inheres in a continuant. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001486 chronological age http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000011 age An age quality that exists by virtue of the time (years and months) that the bearer has existed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001818 progressive http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000027 process quality A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's increasing over time. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0002096 neoplastic, non-malignant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000019 quality A disposition inhering in a tumour by virtue of the bearer's disposition not to progress, invade surrounding tissues or metastasize. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004285 albuminuria http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000023 phenotype The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0006890 fibrosis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005070 neoplasm the formation of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ or tissue in a reparative or reactive process. This can be a reactive, benign, or pathological state. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C100433 Kidney Injury Molecule-1 Measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement The determination of the amount of kidney injury molecule-1 present in a sample. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C2902 Coagulation Disorder http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4 disease A condition in which there is a deviation from or interruption of the normal coagulation properties of the blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C116021 MicroRNA 181 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000276 miRNA A microRNA that has six isoforms that may play a role in the activity of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase and natural killer cells. The MIR181 isoforms have been implicated in a variety of cancers, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, glioblastoma, multiple myeloma and hepatocellular carcinoma. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C116401 MicroRNA 9 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000276 miRNA A 23 ribonucleotide sequence that is a final product of the processing of MIR9-1 pre-miRNA, MIR9-2 pre-miRNA or MIR9-3 pre-miRNA. This oligonucleotide is involved in gene regulation and may play a role in nerve cell differentiation, insulin secretion and nervous system tumors which display neuronal differentiation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C116487 Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C16809 Magnetic Resonance Imaging An extension of conventional diffusion tension imaging, which estimates the kurtosis of the water diffusion probability distribution function. This technique is most commonly used to study the brain. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C116753 Apparent Diffusion Coefficient http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric A measurement of the magnitude of diffusion of water molecules within tissue. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17230 Ultrasound Imaging http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17369 Imaging Technique The use of high-frequency sound waves to generate images of the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C64862 Diffusion Tensor Imaging http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C16809 Magnetic Resonance Imaging A type of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) that maps the diffusion of water in three dimensions, the principal purpose of which is to image the white matter of the brain, specifically measuring the anisotropy, location, and orientation of the neural tracts, which can demonstrate microstructural changes or differences with neuropathology and treatment. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C61256 Monitoring http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000015 process The act of observing something (and sometimes keeping a record of it). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0000473 arterial disorder http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_1287 cardiovascular system disease An impairment of the structure or function of the blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001056 gastric cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_162 cancer A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the stomach. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001343 impaired renal function disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_557 kidney disease Any disease in which the causes of the disease is a perturbation of the kidney leading to its dysfunction. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004335 digestive system disorder http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000045 disorder A disease or disorder that involves the digestive system. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004975 Alzheimer disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005559 neurodegenerative disease A progressive, neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of function and death of nerve cells in several areas of the brain leading to loss of cognitive function such as memory and language. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005002 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_850 lung disease A chronic and progressive lung disorder characterized by the loss of elasticity of the bronchial tree and the air sacs, destruction of the air sacs wall, thickening of the bronchial wall, and mucous accumulation in the bronchial tree. The pathologic changes result in the disruption of the air flow in the bronchial airways. Signs and symptoms include shortness of breath, wheezing, productive cough, and chest tightness. The two main types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are chronic obstructive bronchitis and emphysema. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005070 neoplasm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_162 cancer A benign or malignant tissue growth resulting from uncontrolled cell proliferation. Benign neoplastic cells resemble normal cells without exhibiting significant cytologic atypia, while malignant cells exhibit overt signs such as dysplastic features, atypical mitotic figures, necrosis, nuclear pleomorphism, and anaplasia. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include papillomas, cystadenomas, and lipomas; malignant neoplasms include carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, and leukemias. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005071 nervous system disorder http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4 disease A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nerves. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005113 bacterial infectious disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4 disease An acute infectious disorder that is caused by gram positive or gram negative bacteria; representative examples include pneumococcal, streptococcal, salmonella, and meningeal infections. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005311 atherosclerosis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_1287 cardiovascular system disease Build-up of fatty material and calcium deposition in the arterial wall resulting in partial or complete occlusion of the arterial lumen. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005381 bone disorder http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000045 disorder Diseases of bones. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005438 metastatic malignant neoplasm in the lymph nodes http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0009709 metastatic neoplasm The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the lymph nodes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005542 acute coronary syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_1287 cardiovascular system disease Signs and symptoms related to acute ischemia of the myocardium secondary to coronary artery disease. The clinical presentation covers a spectrum of heart diseases from unstable angina to myocardial infarction. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005559 neurodegenerative disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4 disease A disorder of the central nervous system characterized by gradual and progressive loss of neural tissue and neurologic function. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007915 systemic lupus erythematosus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_417 autoimmune disease An autoimmune multi-organ disease typically associated with vasculopathy and autoantibody production. Most patients have antinuclear antibodies (ANA). The presence of anti-dsDNA or anti-Smith antibodies are highly-specific. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008383 rheumatoid arthritis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_417 autoimmune disease A chronic, systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation in the synovial membranes and articular surfaces. It manifests primarily as a symmetric, erosive polyarthritis that spares the axial skeleton and is typically associated with the presence in the serum of rheumatoid factor. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_3908 lung non-small cell carcinoma http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_162 cancer A lung carcinoma that is characterized as any type of epithelial lung cancer other than small cell lung carcinoma. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4989 pancreatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4 disease A pancreas disease that is characterized by inflammation of the pancreas. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_576 proteinuria http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_557 kidney disease A kidney disease that is characterized by the presence of excess proteins in the urine. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_5844 myocardial infarction http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_114 heart disease A coronary artery disease characterized by myocardial cell death (myocardial necrosis) due to prolonged ischaemia. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_684 hepatocellular carcinoma http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_162 cancer A liver carcinoma that has_material_basis_in undifferentiated hepatocytes and located_in the liver. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_784 chronic kidney disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_557 kidney disease A kidney failure that is characterized by the gradual loss of kidney function. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_8893 psoriasis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_37 skin disease A skin disease that is characterized by patches of thick red skin and silvery scales. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000118 Phenotypic abnormality http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000023 phenotype A phenotypic abnormality. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001919 Acute kidney injury http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_557 kidney disease Sudden loss of renal function, as manifested by decreased urine production, and a rise in serum creatinine or blood urea nitrogen concentration (azotemia). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0004934 Vascular calcification http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008150 biological_process Abnormal calcification of the vasculature. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012444 Brain atrophy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000118 Phenotypic abnormality Partial or complete wasting (loss) of brain tissue that was once present. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100022 Abnormality of movement http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0252 biological feature An abnormality of movement with a neurological basis characterized by changes in coordination and speed of voluntary movements. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000004 independent continuant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000002 continuant b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000015 process http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000003 occurrent p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000020 specifically dependent continuant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000002 continuant b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000031 generically dependent continuant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000002 continuant b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000035 process boundary http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000003 occurrent p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001]) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000140 continuant fiat boundary http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000141 immaterial entity b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001]) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000144 process profile http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000015 process b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002]) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000145 relational quality http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000019 quality b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001]) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000030 information content entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000031 generically dependent continuant A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000109 measurement datum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000027 data item A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000415 hypothesis textual entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000300 textual entity A textual entity that expresses an assertion that is intended to be tested. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000011 planned process http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000015 process A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000066 investigation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000011 planned process a planned process that consists of parts: planning, study design execution, documentation and which produce conclusion(s). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000075 diagnosis textual entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000300 textual entity diagnosis is an assessment of a disease or injury, its likely prognosis and treatment. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000097 participant under investigation role http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000023 role A role that is realized through the execution of a study design in which the bearer of the role participates and in which data about that bearer is collected. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000175 p-value http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000027 data item A quantitative confidence value that represents the probability of obtaining a result at least as extreme as that actually obtained, assuming that the actual value was the result of chance alone. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000185 imaging assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000070 assay An assay that produces a picture of an entity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000278 disease stage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000015 process a part of an occurrence of a disease process which is associated with position in the normal progression of the disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000655 blood specimen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100051 specimen a material entity derived from a portion of blood collected from an organism http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000673 statistical hypothesis test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012786 statistical analysis A statistical hypothesis test data transformation is a data transformation that has objective statistical hypothesis test. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000854 western blot assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000070 assay An analyte assay that detects specific peptides in an input material by separating it using gel electrophoresis, transfering the separated molecules to a membrane, and staining them with_ antibodies specific to the analyte molecules. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0001305 genotype information http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000027 data item a genetic characteristics information that is about the genetic material of an organism and minimally includes information about the genetic background and can in addition contain information about specific alleles, genetic modifications, etc. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0001986 immunohistochemistry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000015 process An immunostaining assay to detect and potentially localize antigens within the cells of a tissue section. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100017 blood serum specimen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100051 specimen A material entity which derives from blood and corresponds to blood plasma without fibrinogen or the other clotting factors. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100051 specimen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000040 material entity A material entity that has the specimen role. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0200103 multiple linear regression analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012786 statistical analysis multiple linear regression is a regression method that models the relationship between a dependent variable Y, independent variables Xi, i = 1, ..., p, and a random term epsilon. The model can be written as Y = \beta_0 + \beta_1 X_1 + \beta_2 X_2 + \cdots +\beta_p X_p + \varepsilon where \beta_0 = 0 is the intercept ("constant" term), the \beta_i s are the respective parameters of independent variables, and p is the number of parameters to be estimated in the linear regression. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0302887 staining http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000011 planned process Staining is a process which results in the addition a class-specific (DNA, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates) dye to a substrate to qualify or quantify the presence of a specific compound. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0302911 validation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000011 planned process a planned process with objective to check that the accuracy or the quality of a claim or prediction satisfies some criteria and which is assessed by comparing with independent results http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0400147 microarray http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 device A processed material that is made to be used in an analyte assay. It consists of a physical immobilisation matrix in which substances that bind the analyte are placed in regular spatial position. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_1110122 pathologic process http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000015 process abnormal, harmful processes caused by or associated with a disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000023 phenotype http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000019 quality A (combination of) quality(ies) of an organism determined by the interaction of its genetic make-up and environment that differentiates specific instances of a species from other instances of the same species. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000063 disease course http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000015 process The totality of all processes through which a given disease instance is realized. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000090 treatment http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000011 planned process A planned process whose completion is hypothesized by a health care provider to eliminate, prevent, or alleviate a disorder, the signs and symptoms of a disorder, or a pathological process http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000011 age http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001241 physical object quality A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of how long the bearer has existed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000000001 protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23367 molecular entity An amino acid chain that is produced de novo by ribosome-mediated translation of a genetically-encoded mRNA, and any derivatives thereof. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000276 miRNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 gene Small, ~22-nt, RNA molecule that is the endogenous transcript of a miRNA gene (or the product of other non coding RNA genes. Micro RNAs are produced from precursor molecules (SO:0001244) that can form local hairpin structures, which ordinarily are processed (usually via the Dicer pathway) such that a single miRNA molecule accumulates from one arm of a hairpin precursor molecule. Micro RNAs may trigger the cleavage of their target molecules or act as translational repressors. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBCS_0000023 multivariate analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012786 statistical analysis An inferential statistical data analysis that is used to analyze data that arises from more than one variable http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBCS_0000025 univariate analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012786 statistical analysis An inferential statistical data analysis that has only one independent variable http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBCS_0000054 odds ratio http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000027 data item A data item that refers to the odds that an individual with a specific condition has been exposed to a risk factor divided by the odds that a control has been exposed. The odds ratio is used in case-control studies. The odds ratio provides a reasonable estimate of the relative risk for uncommon conditions. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0001343 Trastuzumab http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000264 antibody A humanized monoclonal antibody against the ERBB-2 RECEPTOR (HER2). As an ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT, it is used to treat BREAST CANCER where HER2 is overexpressed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0003470 Calcium Metabolism Disorders http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000045 disorder Disorders in the processing of calcium in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0005305 Diet Therapy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAXO_0000002 therapeutic procedure Adjusting the quantity and quality of food intake to improve health status of an individual. This term does not include the methods of food intake (NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0006913 Galvanic Skin Response http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement A change in electrical resistance of the skin, occurring in emotion and in certain other conditions. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0007313 Growth Disorders http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000045 disorder Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0008544 Intracranial Pressure http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement Pressure within the cranial cavity. It is influenced by brain mass, the circulatory system, CSF dynamics, and skull rigidity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0009194 Liver Function Tests http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000070 assay Blood tests that are used to evaluate how well a patient's liver is working and also to help diagnose liver conditions. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0010388 Neoplastic Cells, Circulating http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000000 cell Exfoliate neoplastic cells circulating in the blood and associated with metastasizing tumors. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0012292 Probability http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000075 mathematical entity The study of chance processes or the relative frequency characterizing a chance process. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0012415 Prostatectomy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAXO_0000004 surgical procedure Complete or partial surgical removal of the prostate. Three primary approaches are commonly employed: suprapubic - removal through an incision above the pubis and through the urinary bladder; retropubic - as for suprapubic but without entering the urinary bladder; and transurethral (TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION OF PROSTATE). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0013279 ROC Curve http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012786 statistical analysis A graphic means for assessing the ability of a screening test to discriminate between healthy and diseased persons; may also be used in other studies, e.g., distinguishing stimuli responses as to a faint stimuli or nonstimuli. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0016017 Lipid Peroxidation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0026291 Biochemical Processes Peroxidase catalyzed oxidation of lipids using hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0019447 Ki-67 Antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000000001 protein definition A CELL CYCLE and tumor growth marker which can be readily detected using IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY methods. Ki-67 is a nuclear antigen present only in the nuclei of cycling cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0020024 Natriuretic Peptide, Brain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16670 peptide A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0024288 Dyslipidemias http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0014667 disease of metabolism Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0025787 Adipokines http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16670 peptide Polypeptides produced by the ADIPOCYTES. They include LEPTIN; ADIPONECTIN; RESISTIN; and many cytokines of the immune system, such as TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA; INTERLEUKIN-6; and COMPLEMENT FACTOR D (also known as ADIPSIN). They have potent autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine functions. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0026160 Elastic Modulus http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004517 arterial stiffness measurement Numerical expression indicating the measure of stiffness in a material. It is defined by the ratio of stress in a unit area of substance to the resulting deformation (strain). This allows the behavior of a material under load (such as bone) to be calculated. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0026290 Growth Differentiation Factor 15 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0003786 cytokine A growth differentiation factor that is secreted in response to cell stress and in response to MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION. In addition growth differentiation factor 15 demonstrates a diverse array of biological properties including the induction of cartilage formation, the inhibition of hematopoietic progenitor proliferation, and the induction of neuronal migration. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0026291 Biochemical Processes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000015 process Adjusting the quantity and quality of food intake to improve health status of an individual. This term does not include the methods of food intake (NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0028283 Carcinogenesis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005070 neoplasm The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SYMP_0000837 chronic pain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SYMP_0000462 symptom A pain that is characterized by ranging from mild to severe and which continues beyond the expected healing phase. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SCDO_0000993 Respiratory Rate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric The number of times an organism breathes with the lungs (respiration) per unit time, usually per minute. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SCDO_1000433 Intestinal Injury http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4 disease Damage inflicted on the intestine. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0801228 skin microbiome measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0007882 microbiome measurement Quantification of some aspect of an individual's microbiome of the skin. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0801229 oral microbiome measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0007882 microbiome measurement Quantification of some aspect of an individual's oral microbiome. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000006 screening biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000445 biomarker A biomarker to discriminate between healthy individuals and those in an early stage of the disease. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000042 composite biomarkers http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000445 biomarker Composite biomarkers, also known as multimarker panels or signatures, are combinations of multiple individual biomarkers that are used collectively to assess biological processes, disease states, or responses to treatments. These biomarkers can be diverse, including genetic, molecular, cellular, or clinical markers. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16737 creatinine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23367 molecular entity A lactam obtained by formal cyclocondensation of creatine. It is a metabolite of creatine. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17234 glucose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23367 molecular entity An aldohexose used as a source of energy and metabolic intermediate. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24621 hormone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24432 biological role Originally referring to an endogenous compound that is formed in specialized organ or group of cells and carried to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory function, the term is now commonly used to include non-endogenous, semi-synthetic and fully synthetic analogues of such compounds. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5931 insulin (human) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23367 molecular entity An insulin that is produced in the pancreas and involved in regulating the metabolism of carbohydrates (particularly glucose) and fats. Commonly thought of as a protein, it consists of two peptide chains, one containing 21 amino acid residues and the other containing 30; the chains are joined together by 2 disulfide bonds. Recombinant insulin is identical to human insulin, but is synthesised by inserting the human insulin gene into E. coli, which then produces insulin for human use. It is used in the treatment of type I and type II diabetes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000000 cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000465 material anatomical entity A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084 T cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000542 lymphocyte A type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000094 granulocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000738 leukocyte A leukocyte with abundant granules in the cytoplasm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000542 lymphocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000738 leukocyte A lymphocyte is a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000576 monocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000738 leukocyte Myeloid mononuclear recirculating leukocyte that can act as a precursor of tissue macrophages, osteoclasts and some populations of tissue dendritic cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000738 leukocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000000 cell An achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000775 neutrophil http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000094 granulocyte Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0014667 disease of metabolism http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4 disease A disease that involving errors in metabolic processes of building or degradation of molecules. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050589 inflammatory bowel disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4 disease An intestinal disease characterized by inflammation located in all parts of digestive tract. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050830 peripheral artery disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4 disease An artery disease that is characterized by build up of plaque in the arteries that carry blood to your head, organs, and limbs. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_10283 prostate cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_162 cancer A male reproductive organ cancer that is located_in the prostate. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_10538 gastric fundus cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_162 cancer A stomach cancer that is located_in the gastric fundus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_10591 pre-eclampsia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_10763 hypertension A hypertension occurring during pregnancy characterized by large amounts of protein in the urine (proteinuria) and edema, usually by the last trimester of pregnancy. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_10608 celiac disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_417 autoimmune disease An autoimmune disease of gastrointestinal tract that is caused by a reaction located_in small intestine to gliadin, a prolamin (gluten protein) found in wheat, and similar proteins found in the crops of the tribe Triticeae. The disease is associated with HLA-DQ gene. It has_symptom abdominal pain, has_symptom constipation, has_symptom diarrhea, has_symptom nausea and vomiting, and has_symptom loss of appetite. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_10763 hypertension http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4 disease An artery disease characterized by chronic elevated blood pressure in the arteries. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_114 heart disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4 disease A cardiovascular system disease that involves the heart. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_11612 polycystic ovary syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4 disease An ovarian dysfunction that is characterized by hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries, hirsutism, oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, anovulation and excessive body weight. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_12858 Huntington's disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005559 neurodegenerative disease A neurodegenerative disease that has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant inheritance and is characterized by unwanted choreatic movements, behavioral and psychiatric disturbances and dementia and has_material_basis_in expansion of CAG triplet repeats (glutamine) resulting in neuron degeneration affecting muscle coordination, cognitive abilities. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_1287 cardiovascular system disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4 disease A disease of anatomical entity which occurs in the blood, heart, blood vessels or the lymphatic system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells or lymph to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_1324 lung cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_162 cancer A respiratory system cancer that is located_in the lung. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_14499 Fabry disease http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000195 metabolic syndrome A sphingolipidosis that is characterized by the buildup of globotriaosylceramide in the body's cells and has_material_basis_in X-linked inherited mutations in the GLA gene, encoding alpha-galactosidase A, on chromosome Xq22. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_1575 rheumatic disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4 disease A musculoskeletal system disease that involves inflammation or pain in the muscles, joints, or fibrous tissue. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_1579 respiratory system disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4 disease A disease of anatomical entity that located_in the respiratory system which extends from the nasal sinuses to the diaphragm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_1612 breast cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_162 cancer A thoracic cancer that originates in the mammary gland. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_162 cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4 disease A disease of cellular proliferation that is malignant and primary, characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation, local cell invasion and metastasis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_178 vascular disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_1287 cardiovascular system disease A cardiovascular system disease that primarily affects the blood vessels which includes the arteries, veins and capillaries that carry blood to and from the heart. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_2355 anemia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4 disease A hematopoietic system disease that is characterized by a decrease in the normal number of red blood cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_2394 ovarian cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_162 cancer A female reproductive organ cancer that is located_in the ovary. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_2841 asthma http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_850 lung disease A bronchial disease that is characterized by chronic inflammation and narrowing of the airways, which is caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors. The disease has_symptom recurring periods of wheezing (a whistling sound while breathing), has_symptom chest tightness, has_symptom shortness of breath, has_symptom mucus production and has_symptom coughing. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_3082 interstitial lung disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_850 lung disease A lung disease that is characterized by inflammation and altered lung interstitium compromising pulmonary function and often has_symptom shortness of breath, dyspnea, and/or cough. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_3312 bipolar disorder http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4 disease A mood disorder that involves alternating periods of mania and depression. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_3388 periodontal disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005071 nervous system disorder A mouth disease that is relating to or affecting the structures surrounding and supporting the teeth. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_37 skin disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4 disease An integumentary system disease that is located_in skin. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4 disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000016 disposition A disease is a disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_417 autoimmune disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4 disease An immune system disease that is an overactive immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body resulting from an abnormal functioning of the immune system that results in the production of antibodies or T cell directed against the host tissues. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_557 kidney disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4 disease A urinary system disease that is located_in the kidney. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_6000 congestive heart failure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_114 heart disease A heart disease that is characterized by any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the heart to fill with or pump a sufficient amount of blood throughout the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_6713 cerebrovascular disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4 disease An vascular disease that is characterized by dysfunction of the blood vessels supplying the brain. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_850 lung disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4 disease A lower respiratory tract disease in which the function of the lungs is adversely affected by narrowing or blockage of the airways resulting in poor air flow, a loss of elasticity in the lungs that produces a decrease in the total volume of air that the lungs are able to hold, and clotting, scarring, or inflammation of the blood vessels that affect the ability of the lungs to take up oxygen and to release carbon dioxide. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_9256 colorectal cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_162 cancer A large intestine cancer that is located_in the colon and/or located_in the rectum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_9351 diabetes mellitus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4 disease A glucose metabolism disease that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_9352 type 2 diabetes mellitus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_9351 diabetes mellitus A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_9970 obesity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4 disease An overnutrition that is characterized by excess body fat, traditionally defined as an elevated ratio of weight to height (specifically 30 kilograms per meter squared), has_material_basis_in a multifactorial etiology related to excess nutrition intake, decreased caloric utilization, and genetic susceptibility, and possibly medications and certain disorders of metabolism, endocrine function, and mental illness. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006314 bodily fluid A fluid that is composed of blood plasma and erythrocytes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000467 anatomical system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000061 anatomical structure Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002107 liver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000062 organ An exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO]. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113 kidney http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000062 organ A paired organ of the urinary tract which has the production of urine as its primary function. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002416 integumental system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000467 anatomical system Connected anatomical system that forms a barrier between an animal and its environment. In vertebrates, the integumental system consists of the epidermis, dermis plus associated glands and adnexa such as hair and scales. In invertebrates, the integumental system may include cuticle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 gene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000040 material entity A gene is a material entity that represents the entire DNA sequence required for synthesis of a functional protein or RNA molecule. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0007874 gut microbiome measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0007882 microbiome measurement quantification of some aspect of an individual's micrbiome of the gut http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0007875 excessive daytime sleepiness measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004870 sleep measurement quantification of excessive daytime sleepiness such as how often it occurs and its severity http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0007876 insomnia measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004870 sleep measurement quantification of insomnia such as how often it occurs and its severity http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0007882 microbiome measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement quantification of some aspect of an individual's microbiome http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0007883 taxonomic microbiome measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0007882 microbiome measurement quantification of the taxonomic variation in a microbiome sample http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0007884 functional microbiome measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0007882 microbiome measurement quantification of the functional variation in a microbiome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C25736 Fibrinogen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032991 protein-containing complex A fibrillar protein present in blood plasma; it converts to fibrin during the process of blood clot formation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C28378 Proliferation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008150 biological_process Multiplying or increasing in number. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C75944 Predictor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012823 Clinical modifier Information or variable that supports a probabilistic estimate of future events. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0010339 FVC change measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0003892 pulmonary function measurement Quantification of the rate of change in forced vital capacity of an individual over the course of time, used as an indicator of improvement or decay of pulmonary function. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAXO_0000972 eye movement measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement Assessment of the parameters of eye movement, including horizontal and vertical rotations of the eye, opening or closing of the eyes in response to stimuli, pupil response to light, and blink reflex. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000148 stem cell quantity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0252 biological feature The decline in stem cell function is a well-established feature of the aging process and plays a crucial role in the overall degeneration of tissues and organs as we age. Stem cells are responsible for tissue regeneration, repair, and maintaining homeostasis in the body. As we age, the function of these stem cells diminishes, leading to impaired tissue repair, reduced regeneration capacity, and an increased risk of age-related diseases. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16670 peptide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23367 molecular entity Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. X = OH, OR, NH2, NHR, etc. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17929 N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23367 molecular entity A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23965 estradiol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35341 steroid A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estra-1,3,5(10)-triene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 17. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35664 EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000023 role Any EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor that inhibits HMG-CoA reductases. Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors have been shown to lower directly cholesterol synthesis. The Enzyme Commission designation is EC 1.1.1.34 for the NADPH-dependent enzyme and EC 1.1.1.88 for an NADH-dependent enzyme. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27226 uric acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23367 molecular entity An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_47867 indicator http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000023 role Anything used in a scientific experiment to indicate the presence of a substance or quality, change in a body, etc. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64645 amyloid-beta http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16670 peptide A peptide of 36-43 amino acids that is processed from the amyloid precursor protein. Appears to be the main constituent of amyloid plaques (deposits found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005577 fibrinogen complex http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001062 anatomical entity A highly soluble, elongated protein complex found in blood plasma and involved in clot formation. It is converted into fibrin monomer by the action of thrombin. In the mouse, fibrinogen is a hexamer, 46 nm long and 9 nm maximal diameter, containing two sets of nonidentical chains (alpha, beta, and gamma) linked together by disulfide bonds. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008152 metabolic process http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008150 biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000061 anatomical structure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000465 material anatomical entity Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000062 organ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000467 anatomical system Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000174 excreta http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000463 organism substance A portion of organism substance that is the product of an excretion process that will be eliminated from the body. An excretion process is elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000463 organism substance http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000061 anatomical structure Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000465 material anatomical entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001062 anatomical entity Anatomical entity that has mass. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001062 anatomical entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000004 independent continuant Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001088 urine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000174 excreta Excretion that is the output of a kidney. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001359 cerebrospinal fluid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006314 bodily fluid A clear, colorless, bodily fluid, that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain and spinal cord. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836 saliva http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000463 organism substance A fluid produced in the oral cavity by salivary glands, typically used in predigestion, but also in other functions. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 blood plasma http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 blood The liquid component of blood, in which erythrocytes are suspended. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977 blood serum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 blood The portion of blood plasma that excludes clotting factors. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001988 feces http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000174 excreta Portion of semisolid bodily waste discharged through the anus[MW,modified]. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006314 bodily fluid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000463 organism substance Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0016446 hair of head http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002416 integumental system A strand of hair that is part of a head. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0034919 juvenile stage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008150 biological_process The stage of being no more dependent of the nest and/or from caregivers for subsistence while having not reach sexual maturity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000003777 adiponectin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000000001 protein A protein that is a translation product of the human ADIPOQ gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000003918 albumin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000000001 protein A protein that is a translation product of the human ALB gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000004716 brain-derived neurotrophic factor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 gene A neurotrophin that is a translation product of the human BDNF gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000005423 chitinase-3-like protein 1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000000001 protein A protein that is a translation product of the human CHI3L1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000005615 clusterin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000000001 protein A protein that is a translation product of the human CLU gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000005897 C-reactive protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000000001 protein A protein that is a translation product of the human CRP gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000005965 cystatin-C http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000000001 protein A protein that is a translation product of the human CST3 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000006933 epidermal growth factor receptor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000000001 protein An EGF receptor type tyrosine-protein kinase that is a translation product of the human EGFR gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000007204 estrogen receptor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000000001 protein A protein that is a translation product of the human ESR1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000007939 glial fibrillary acidic protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000000001 protein A protein that is a translation product of the human GFAP gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CMO_0000000 clinical measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement A quantitative or qualitative value which is the result of an act of assessing a morphological or physiological state or property in a single individual or sample or a group of individuals or samples, based on direct observation or experimental manipulation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CMO_0000046 blood glucose level http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric Measurement of the amount of glucose, the monosaccharide sugar, C6H12O6, occurring widely in plant and animal tissues which is one of the three dietary monosaccharides that are absorbed directly into the bloodstream during digestion, is the end product of carbohydrate metabolism, and is the chief source of energy for living organisms, in a specified volume of blood, the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins carrying nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues and metabolites away from them. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CMO_0000765 creatinine clearance http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CMO_0000000 clinical measurement The clearance rate of creatinine, that is, the volume of plasma that is cleared of creatinine by the kidneys per unit time. Creatinine clearance is calculated using the level of creatinine in a sample of urine, usually one collected over a period of 24 hours, the corresponding plasma creatinine level, and the volume of urine excreted. It is used as an approximation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CMO_0000907 renal blood flow rate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric Renal blood flow (RBF) is the volume of blood delivered to or exiting from the kidneys per unit time. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CMO_0001324 oxygen saturation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric The amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin in the blood expressed as a percentage of the maximal binding capacity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/STATO_0000220 false negative rate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000027 data item the false negative rate is a data item which denotes the proportion of missed detection of elements known to be meeting the detection criteria http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SYMP_0000462 symptom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000017 realizable entity A symptom is a perceived change in function, sensation, loss, disturbance or appearance reported by a patient indicative of a disease. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000714 survival time http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement Time of survival is an information entity which is about the length of time a material entity has survived after some adverse event, such as infection from a disease. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000030 information content entity A measurement is an information entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by an instrument. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0002950 pregnancy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008150 biological_process The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004952 disease recurrence http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement The recurrence of a disease after treatment http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012823 Clinical modifier http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000019 quality This subontology is designed to provide terms to characterize and specify the phenotypic abnormalities defined in the Phenotypic abnormality subontology, with respect to severity, laterality, age of onset, and other aspects. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000106 remission http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000278 disease stage A disease stage which is characterized by the lack of a manifestation of a disease http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0005271 sleep duration http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004870 sleep measurement duration of sleep, measured either via a self-reporting questionnaire, interview or through obversation in a sleep lab http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0005272 sleep quality http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0252 biological feature quantification of some aspect of sleep quality, such as number of awakenings during a sleep interval or time taken to get to sleep. Sleep quality can be evaluated either through self-reporting, observation in a sleep lab or using a sleep monitoring device http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0005273 sleep depth http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004870 sleep measurement self-reported assessment of how difficult an individual is to wake http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0005274 sleep time http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004870 sleep measurement measurement of the time at which sleep begins http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0005280 sleep latency http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004870 sleep measurement amount of time, usually recorded in minutes, between going to bed and falling asleep http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0005527 ejection fraction measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement quantification of the volumetric fraction of blood pumped out of the left and right ventricle with each heartbeat or cardiac cycle http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0005665 white matter hyperintensity measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement quantification of white matter hyperintensity, usually measured by MRI http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0005682 oxygen saturation measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0003892 pulmonary function measurement quantification of the relative amount of oxygen that is dissolved or carried in a given medium http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0005769 calcium metabolic disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0014667 disease of metabolism Disorders in the processing of calcium in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0005921 FEV change measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0003892 pulmonary function measurement quantification of the rate of change in FEV of an individual over the course of time, used as an indicator of improvement or decay of pulmonary function http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0006335 systolic blood pressure http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004325 blood pressure The blood pressure during the contraction of the left ventricle of the heart. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0006851 malignant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000019 quality Refers to abnormal cell activity manifested by decreased control over growth and function, causing tumor growth or spread into surrounding tissue and adverse effects to the host http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0006866 electrodermal activity measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement quantification of the change in the heat and electricity passed through the skin by nerves and sweat. Skin conduction increases in certain emotional states and during hot flashes that happen with menopause. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0006897 airway responsiveness measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0003892 pulmonary function measurement quantification of airway responsiveness, calculated as the concentration of methacholine at which a greater than 20% decresase in FEV1 is achieved during a bronchial challenge test http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0006898 airway wall thickness measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0003892 pulmonary function measurement Quantification of the thickness of the walls of different parts of the respiratory tract, calculated from cross-sectional CT images. This measure can be used as an indicator of airway obstruction severity in COPD. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0006925 lipoprotein A measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement quantification of some lipoprotein A in a sample http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0007593 chromatid break measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004554 genomic measurement Quantification of the level of DNA strand breaks in a cell, for example induced by an antineoplastic agent such a bleomycin. Chromatid breaks can be assessed under the microscope in dividing cells during metaphase. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0007753 seasonal gut microbiome measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0007874 gut microbiome measurement quantification of some aspect of the seasonal variation in the micrbiome of the gut http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0007827 nighttime rest measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004870 sleep measurement quantification of some aspect of nighttime rest such as duration or quality http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0007828 daytime rest measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004870 sleep measurement quantification of some aspect of daytime rest such as duration, frequency or quality http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_1000627 thyroid disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4 disease A disease involving the thyroid gland. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_1001461 endothelial dysfunction http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_1287 cardiovascular system disease In vascular diseases, endothelial dysfunction is a systemic pathological state of the endothelium (the inner lining of blood vessels) and can be broadly defined as an imbalance between vasodilating and vasoconstricting substances produced by (or acting on) the endothelium. Normal functions of endothelial cells include mediation of coagulation, platelet adhesion, immune function and control of volume and electrolyte content of the intravascular and extravascular spaces. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C106407 MicroRNA 124 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000276 miRNA A 20 ribonucleotide sequence that is a final product of the processing of either MIR124-1 pre-miRNA, MIR124-2 pre-miRNA or MIR124-3 pre-miRNA. This oligonucleotide may be involved in the negative regulation of gene expression. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17369 Imaging Technique http://purl.allotrope.org/ontologies/realizable#AFRE_0000002 procedure Any technology or method that aids in the visualization of any biological process, cell, tissue or organ for use in screening, diagnosis, surgical procedures or therapy. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C19498 Document http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000300 textual entity A physical object, or electronic counterpart, that is characterized by containing writing which is meant to be human-readable. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C686 Neuropeptide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000000001 protein Peptides with direct synaptic effects or indirect modulatory effects on the nervous system. A neuropeptide is a molecule released by neurons as an intercellular neurotransmitter. Alternatively, neuropeptides can be released by non-neuronal cells as hormones. They are endogenous peptides such as endorphins that influence neural activity or functioning. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C120540 Pupillometry http://purl.allotrope.org/ontologies/realizable#AFRE_0000002 procedure A technique used to measure the diameter of the pupil in response to stimuli. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C88164 Cardiorespiratory Fitness http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric The ability of the heart and lungs to deliver blood and oxygen to the tissues during aerobic activity. It is a general measure of the relative conditioning of the heart and respiratory system. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C88227 Serum Creatinine Assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000070 assay A laboratory test used for the measurement of creatinine levels in the serum to determine the glomerular filtration rate. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C94342 Healthy Control http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000023 role A healthy subject that is matched with an affected individual in a trial. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C94515 Tumor Volume http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric The volume of tumor. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C142724 Surrogate Marker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000445 biomarker In a clinical trial, an assessment of an intervention's effects that takes the place of a patient-based conclusion. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0009709 metastatic neoplasm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005070 neoplasm A tumor that has spread from its original (primary) site of growth to another site, close to or distant from the primary site. Metastasis is characteristic of advanced malignancies, but in rare instances can be seen in neoplasms lacking malignant morphology. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C174446 Body Temperature http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric A measurement of the temperature of the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16113 cholesterol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18059 lipid A cholestanoid consisting of cholestane having a double bond at the 5,6-position as well as a 3beta-hydroxy group. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64646 amyloid-beta polypeptide 40 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64645 amyloid-beta A beta-amyloid that is a 40 amino acid polypeptide of sequence Asp Ala Glu Phe Arg His Asp Ser Gly Tyr Glu Val His His Gln Lys Leu Val Phe Phe Ala Glu Asp Val Gly Ser Asn Lys Gly Ala Ile Ile Gly Leu Met Val Gly Gly Val Val. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64647 amyloid-beta polypeptide 42 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64645 amyloid-beta A beta-amyloid that ia a 42 amino acid polypeptide of sequence Asp Ala Glu Phe Arg His Asp Ser Gly Tyr Glu Val His His Gln Lys Leu Val Phe Phe Ala Glu Asp Val Gly Ser Asn Lys Gly Ala Ile Ile Gly Leu Met Val Gly Gly Val Val Ile Ala. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0252 biological feature http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000019 quality Property of a subsequence that may be involved with or interfere with the binding of a molecule and are supported by experimental evidences. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C128056 Perfusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C16809 Magnetic Resonance Imaging A magnetic resonance imaging modality used to quantify the blood supply to an organ or tissue using signal measurement as detected from a parenterally administered contrast agent. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C129416 MicroRNA 16 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000276 miRNA A 22 ribonucleotide sequence that is a final product of the processing of either MIR16-1 pre-miRNA or MIR16-2 pre-miRNA. This oligonucleotide may be involved in the negative regulation of gene expression. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000453 cellular biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000445 biomarker Cellular biomarkers are marked cells that can be isolated, sorted, quantified and characterized by their morphology and physiology, and used in both clinical and laboratory settings for different biomarker applications. An example of a cellular biomarker sorting technique is Fluorescent-activated cell sorting. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000455 predictive biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000445 biomarker A biomarker that can predict clincal outcome. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000456 prognostic biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000445 biomarker A biomarker that provides information about the patient's overall outcome, regardless of therapy. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000457 diagnostic biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000445 biomarker A biomarker that can serve a role in narrowing down diagnosis, which can lead to diagnosis that is significantly more specific to individual patients. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000461 imaging disease biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000450 disease biomarker A biomarker that is indicative of a disease and achieved through imaging. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012786 statistical analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000011 planned process Analyses regarding statistical data. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ADO_0000090 total tau http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000000001 protein A protein that is regarded as a general marker of neurodegeneration for evaluation in future population-based studies and represents the total tau concentration in a given sample. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ADO_0000091 phosphorylated tau http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000000001 protein A protein that is phosphorylated through post-translational modification. Its accumulation reflects the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, synaptic impairment, and neuronal dysfunction. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000095 blood volume pulse http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric Photoplethysmographic blood volume pulse (BVP) is a noninvasive sensor and is used to measure blood volume changes and vasodilator function in the microvessels of the finger. BVP is widely used to detect the peripheral pulse waveform that is converted to blood volume amplitude (BVA). Blood volume amplitude reflects arterial dilation and contraction that are controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000034 Pharmacogenetic Tests and Genetic Tests for Heritable Markers Guidance for Industry and FDA Staff http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICO_0000233 regulatory document The guidance document is intended to facilitate progress in the field of pharmacogenomics and genetics by helping to shorten development and review timelines, facilitate rapid transfer of new technology from the research bench to the clinical diagnostic laboratory, and encourage informed use of pharmacogenomic and genetic diagnostic devices. It provides recommendations to sponsors and FDA reviewers in preparing and reviewing premarket approval applications (PMA) and premarket notification (510(k)) submissions for pharmacogenetic and other human genetic tests, whether testing is for single markers or for multiple markers simultaneously (multiplex tests). Array-based tests (commonly referred to as microarrays) are a subset of multiplex tests and are included in the scope of this document. The recommendations within this guidance for elements of a genetic test submission apply to pharmacogenetic (e.g., drug-metabolizing enzyme allele tests, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis) and other types of genetic tests. Tests of gene expression and tests for non-heritable (somatic) mutations are not specifically addressed, although many of the same principles may apply. In addition, this guidance considers nucleic acid-based analysis only, but the principles may be applied to other matrices (e.g., protein) when the purpose is to provide genetic information. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000017 biomarker validation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0302911 validation Validation is a process to establish that the performance of a test, tool, or instrument is acceptable for its intended purpose. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000136 leukocyte telomere length http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0252 biological feature Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is a complex genetic trait. It shortens with age and is associated with a host of aging-related disorders. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000028 Japan’s Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000027 biomarker regulatory entity Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) is Japanese regulatory agency, working together with Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Its obligation is to protect the public health by assuring safety, efficacy and quality of pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Conduct scientific reviews of marketing authorization application of pharmaceuticals and medical devices, monitoring of their post-marketing safety. PMDA is also responsible for providing relief compensation for sufferers from adverse drug reaction and infections by pharmaceuticals or biological products. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000084 arterial compliance http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004517 arterial stiffness measurement Arterial compliance is a change in dimension in response to a given change in stress. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000078 digital device http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 device A digital device refers to any electronic tool, gadget, or hardware that utilizes digital technology to perform specific functions or tasks. These devices are prevalent in various aspects of modern life, including communication, entertainment, productivity, health, and education. Digital devices encompass a wide range of technologies, from computers and smartphones to wearables and smart home appliances. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000032 Qualification Process for Drug Development Tools Guidance for Industry and FDA Staff http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICO_0000233 regulatory document The guidance representing the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research’s (CDER’s) and the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research’s (CBER’s) current thinking on implementation of section 507 of the FD&C Act with respect to describing the process for requestors5 interested in qualifying DDTs and on taxonomy for biomarkers and other DDTs. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000128 stride length http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement Stride length is a key parameter in the study of human gait and biomechanics. It refers to the distance covered between two successive placements of the same foot. Essentially, it is the distance traveled during one complete gait cycle, involving both the left and right foot. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000093 prognosis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000027 data item A hypothesis about some future part of a disease course. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000087 step count http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000086 activity level Step count is a widely used metric for tracking physical activity, particularly walking. It measures the total number of steps an individual takes over a specified period, typically daily. Step count is a simple yet effective way to monitor activity levels and promote a healthy lifestyle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001525 angiogenesis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008150 biological_process Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 inflammatory response http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008150 biological_process The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 immune response http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008150 biological_process Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008150 biological_process http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000015 process A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009987 cellular process http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008150 biological_process Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010467 gene expression http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008150 biological_process The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript and its processing, translation and maturation for protein-coding genes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032991 protein-containing complex http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000040 material entity A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042697 menopause http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008150 biological_process Cessation of menstruation, occurring in (e.g.) the human female usually around the age of 50. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0090398 cellular senescence http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009987 cellular process A cell aging process stimulated in response to cellular stress, whereby normal cells lose the ability to divide through irreversible cell cycle arrest. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0090399 replicative senescence http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009987 cellular process A cell aging process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to telomere shortening and/or cellular aging. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001393 interleukin-6 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004100 interleukin A protein that is a translation product of the human IL6 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000002307 apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000000001 protein A Bcl-2-like apoptosis inhibitor that is a translation product of the human BCL2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000003015 prostate-specific antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000000001 protein A trypsin that is a translation product of the human KLK3 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000003035 cellular tumor antigen p53 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000000001 protein A protein that is a translation product of the human TP53 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C142543 European Medicines Agency http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000027 biomarker regulatory entity A public health agency based in London that is responsible for the scientific evaluation, supervision, and safety monitoring of medicines in the European Union. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000031 Qualification of Medical Device Development Tools Guidance for Industry, Tool Developers, and Food and Drug Administration Staff http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICO_0000233 regulatory document A guidance that describes a voluntary program for the qualification of medical device development tools (MDDTs) for use in the evaluation of devices regulated by CDRH. Specifically, this guidance describes the framework for voluntary proposal and qualification of an MDDT, including definitions of applicable terms, criteria for evaluating an MDDT for a specific context of use, considerations for qualification, and the contents of a qualification package. CDRH believes that MDDTs will facilitate the development and timely evaluation of medical devices by providing a more efficient and predictable means for collecting information to support regulatory submissions and associated decision-making. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000127 gait speed http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement Gait speed, also known as walking speed, is a crucial parameter in the study of human locomotion and biomechanics. It is defined as the distance covered per unit of time while walking. Gait speed is often measured in meters per second (m/s) or feet per second (ft/s) and is an important indicator of overall health, functional status, and mobility. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000121 tau deposition http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric Tau deposition refers to the accumulation of abnormal tau protein aggregates in the brain, which is a characteristic feature of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and certain forms of Parkinson's disease (PD), among others. In neuroimaging, techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) using radioligands targeting tau can visualize and quantify tau deposition in the brain. These imaging methods enable researchers and clinicians to detect the presence of abnormal tau aggregates and assess their distribution and severity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000139 epigenetic clock http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000154 age estimator Epigenetic clocks are mathematically derived age estimators that are based on combinations of methylation values that change with age at specific CpGs in the genome. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000038 urine total potein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000000001 protein Urinary total protein (UTP) includes all proteins in urine samples. The presence of some quantities of proteins (<150 mg/day) is considered normal. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000047 cardiac function http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008150 biological_process Cardiac function refers to the hearts capability to fulfill its task as the motor or pump of the blood circuit satisfying the bodies demands of oxygen and nutritive substances as well as the removal of waste products. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000009725 neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000000001 protein A protein that is a translation product of the human LCN2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000009758 leptin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000000001 protein A protein that is a translation product of the human LEP gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000011426 neurogranin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000000001 protein A protein that is a translation product of the human NRGN gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0002650 biopsy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000011 planned process A specimen collection that obtains a sample of tissue or cell from a living multicellular organism body for diagnostic purposes by means intended to be minimally invasive. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C175504 Smartphone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000078 digital device A mobile cellular telephone that has an integrated computer with an operating system capable of web browsing and running downloaded applications. Smartphones typically have touchscreen interfaces, video calling capabilities, and other advanced built-in features and applications. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0022597 aging http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008150 biological_process A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death and may succeed developmental maturation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MPATH_0 pathological entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000004 independent continuant Pathological structure or process http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IDO_0000636 sepsis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000015 process A process that is a systemic inflammatory response to infection. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000045 disorder http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4 disease A material entity which is clinically abnormal and part of an extended organism. Disorders are the physical basis of disease. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000113 oral glucose tolerance test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000070 assay A test in which glucose is given orally, often in solution, and blood samples taken afterward at specific time interval(s) to determine how quickly it is cleared from the blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000050369 D-dimer (human) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000000001 protein A protein-containing complex that is the remnant of fibrin mesh degradation (fibrinolysis) by plasmin in human. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0022842 mosaic loss of chromosome X measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004554 genomic measurement It is the most common clonal somatic alteration in leukocytes of female individuals. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000073 diagnosis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000027 data item The representation of a conclusion of a diagnostic process. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000195 metabolic syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0014667 disease of metabolism A cluster of metabolic risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome X include excess ABDOMINAL FAT; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state. (from AHA/NHLBI/ADA Conference Proceedings, Circulation 2004; 109:551-556) http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000264 antibody http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000000001 protein An antibody function (or antigen binding function) is an infection-fighting protein molecule in blood or secretory fluids that tags, neutralizes, and helps destroy pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and toxins. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000384 Crohn's disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050589 inflammatory bowel disease A gastrointestinal disorder characterized by chronic inflammation involving all layers of the intestinal wall, noncaseating granulomas affecting the intestinal wall and regional lymph nodes, and transmural fibrosis. Crohn disease most commonly involves the terminal ileum; the colon is the second most common site of involvement. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000401 diabetic nephropathy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_557 kidney disease Diabetic nephropathy (sometimes called Kimmelstiel-Wilson syndrome) is a progressive kidney disorder caused by vascular damage to the glomerular capillaries, in patients with diabetes mellitus. It is usually manifested with nephritic syndrome and glomerulosclerosis. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000513 genotype http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004554 genomic measurement The total sum of the genetic information of an organism that is known and relevant to the experiment being performed, including chromosomal, plasmid, viral or other genetic material which has been introduced into the organism either prior to or during the experiment. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001361 pulmonary arterial hypertension http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_10763 hypertension A syndrome with pathological changes in the pulmonary arteries and impaired PULMONARY CIRCULATION that can be the result of PULMONARY HYPERTENSION. Ayerza syndrome is characterized by slowly developing ASTHMA; BRONCHITIS; DYSPNEA; and CYANOSIS in association with POLYCYTHEMIA. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001428 cross sectional design http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CTO_0000220 clinical trial A study in which participants are examined at only a single time for characteristics of a disease. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0002618 pancreatic carcinoma http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_162 cancer A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the exocrine pancreas http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0003047 hepatitis C virus infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_409 liver disease A Hepacivirus infectious disease which is a chronic bloodborne infectious disease caused by Hepatitis C virus. The symptoms include fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, clay-colored bowel movements, joint pain and jaundice. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0003144 heart failure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_114 heart disease Inability of the heart to pump blood at an adequate rate to meet tissue metabolic requirements. Clinical symptoms of heart failure include: unusual dyspnea on light exertion, recurrent dyspnea occurring in the supine position, fluid retention or rales, jugular venous distension, pulmonary edema on physical exam, or pulmonary edema on chest x-ray presumed to be cardiac dysfunction. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0003271 tumor necrosis factor-alpha http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0003786 cytokine Tumor necrosis factor (TNF, cachexin or cachectin formerly known as tumor necrosis factor-alpha or TNF-α) is a cytokine involved in systemic inflammation and is a member of a group of cytokines that stimulate the acute phase reaction. It is produced chiefly by activated macrophages, although it can be produced by other cell types as well. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0003276 vascular endothelial growth factor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000000001 protein Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a signal protein produced by cells that stimulates vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. It is part of the system that restores the oxygen supply to tissues when blood circulation is inadequate. Serum concentration of VEGF is high in bronchial asthma and low in diabetes mellitus. VEGF's normal function is to create new blood vessels during embryonic development, new blood vessels after injury, muscle following exercise, and new vessels (collateral circulation) to bypass blocked vessels. When VEGF is overexpressed, it can contribute to disease. Solid cancers cannot grow beyond a limited size without an adequate blood supply; cancers that can express VEGF are able to grow and metastasize. Overexpression of VEGF can cause vascular disease in the retina of the eye and other parts of the body. Drugs such as bevacizumab can inhibit VEGF and control or slow those diseases. VEGF is a sub-family of growth factors, to be specific, the platelet-derived growth factor family of cystine-knot growth factors. They are important signaling proteins involved in both vasculogenesis (the de novo formation of the embryonic circulatory system) and angiogenesis (the growth of blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature). http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0003762 vitamin D deficiency http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4 disease A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406) http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0003892 pulmonary function measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement Measurement of the various processes involved in the act of respiration: inspiration, expiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, lung volume and compliance, etc. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0003919 risk factor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000016 disposition An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0003923 bone density http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric The amount of mineral per square centimeter of BONE. This is the definition used in clinical practice. Actual bone density would be expressed in grams per milliliter. It is most frequently measured by X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY or TOMOGRAPHY, X RAY COMPUTED. Bone density is an important predictor for OSTEOPOROSIS. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004100 interleukin http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0003786 cytokine An interleukin is a multifunctional cytokine produced by leukocytes for regulating immune responses. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004134 tumor size http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric The physical size of a tumor. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004197 hepatitis B virus infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_409 liver disease A viral infection caused by the hepatitis B virus. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004255 nephrotic syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_557 kidney disease A collection of symptoms that include severe edema, proteinuria, and hypoalbuminemia; it is indicative of renal dysfunction. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004286 venous thromboembolism http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_178 vascular disease Obstruction of a vein or VEINS (embolism) by a blood clot ( THROMBUS) in the blood stream. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004312 vital capacity http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0003892 pulmonary function measurement The volume of air that is exhaled by a maximal expiration following a maximal inspiration. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004313 maximal midexpiratory flow rate http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0003892 pulmonary function measurement Measurement of rate of airflow over the middle half of a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination (from the 25 percent level to the 75 percent level). Common abbreviations are MMFR and FEF 25%-75%. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004314 forced expiratory volume http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0003892 pulmonary function measurement Measure of the maximum amount of air that can be expelled in a given number of seconds during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination . It is usually given as FEV followed by a subscript indicating the number of seconds over which the measurement is made, although it is sometimes given as a percentage of forced vital capacity. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004325 blood pressure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004346 neuroimaging measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement Non-invasive methods of visualizing and measuring the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, especially the brain, by various imaging modalities e.g. CT scan http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004352 mortality http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement Quantification of the number of deaths in a population. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004471 insulin sensitivity measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement An insulin sensitivity measurement is a measurement of insulin metabolism, which can be measured in a number of ways, for example using the HOMA model or via a glucose tolerance test. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004501 HOMA-IR http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement The HOMA-IR measurement employs the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) to quantify insulin resistance. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004505 telomere length http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004554 genomic measurement A measurement of telomere length measures the number of TTAGGG repeats at the end of the chromosome. As cell division proceeds telomeres shorten, telomere length is measure of cellular aging. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004515 muscle measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement A muscle mass measurement is the quantification of the mass of a muscle e.g. skeletal muscle for an individual. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004517 arterial stiffness measurement http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric An Arterial stiffness measurement is the information output of a non invasive pulse wave velocity assay. Arterial stiffness is a predictor of cardiovascular mortality http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004554 genomic measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement Is a quantification of some aspect of the genome, e.g. copy number variation at some locus. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004574 total cholesterol measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement A total cholesterol measurement is the quantification of cholesterol in blood, total cholesterol is defined as the sum of HDL, LDL, and VLDL. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004580 interleukin 18 (Homo sapiens) http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004100 interleukin Interleukin-18 (IL18, also known as interferon-gamma inducing factor) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the IL18 gene.[1][2] The protein encoded by this gene is a proinflammatory cytokine. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004745 NT-proBNP measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement Is a quantification of NT-proBNP (N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide) which is associated with acute congestive heart failure. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004798 copy number variation http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004554 genomic measurement A quantification of a genomic variation that increases or decreases the copy number of a given region. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004807 short sleep http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004870 sleep measurement Is a quantification of sleep time in humans where average sleep time was less than five hours. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004828 genetic variation http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004554 genomic measurement The genetic variation of individuals in a population. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004840 cortical thickness http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric Is a quantification of the thickness of brain cortex, e.g. measured by MRI, used in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and other neurological conditions http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004863 recombination rate http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0005919 recombination measurement Is the genome wide recombination rate. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004870 sleep measurement http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric Is a quantification of some sleep parameter. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004872 inflammatory biomarker measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement Is a quantification of any molecule involved in the process of inflammatory response. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004887 maximal oxygen uptake measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0003892 pulmonary function measurement Is the quantification of is the maximum capacity of an individual's body to transport and use oxygen during incremental exercise, and is used as an indicator of physical fitness http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004972 somatic genotype http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000513 genotype The total sum of the genetic information of an organism's somatic cells http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004973 germline genotype http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000513 genotype The total sum of the genetic information of an organism's germline http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004982 microbiome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000040 material entity A collection or collectivity of microorganisms. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0005035 hippocampal volume http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric Measurement of the volume of the hippocampus http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0005208 glomerular filtration rate http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement measurement of the flow rate of filtered fluid through the kidney, calculated either by comparative measurements of substances in the blood and urine, or estimated from a blood test http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0005919 recombination measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004554 genomic measurement quantification of any recombination-related factor, such as hotspot usage, African enchrichment and recombination rate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C68771 Clinical Endpoint http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000445 biomarker A characteristic or variable that reflects how a patient feels, functions, or survives. Clinical endpoints are distinct measurements or analyses of disease characteristics observed in a study or a clinical trial that reflect the effect of a therapeutic intervention. Clinical endpoints are the most credible characteristics used in the assessment of the benefits and risks of a therapeutic intervention in randomized clinical trials. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024644 myocardial ischemia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_178 vascular disease A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (coronary artery disease), to obstruction by a thrombus (coronary thrombosis), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (myocardial infarction). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000050469 hemoglobin A1c http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032991 protein-containing complex A hemoglobin complex that is composed of at least one beta-N-1-deoxy fructosyl hemoglobin subunit, in which the glycan is attached to the N-terminal valine (after initiator methionine removal) of one or both beta subunits. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0011013 vaginal microbiome measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0007882 microbiome measurement Quantification of some aspect of an individual's microbiome of the vagina. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000053 stratification biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000445 biomarker A stratification biomarker is a biological characteristic or measurement used to categorize individuals into different subgroups based on their likelihood of responding to a particular treatment or exhibiting certain disease characteristics. These biomarkers are especially valuable in the context of personalized or precision medicine, where treatments can be tailored to individual patients based on their unique characteristics. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000086 activity level http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric Activity level refers to the amount and intensity of physical activity an individual engages in over a specific period. It is an important factor in maintaining overall health, fitness, and well-being. Understanding and monitoring activity levels can help individuals achieve their health and fitness goals, manage weight, and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000147 decline in stem cell function http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0252 biological feature The decline in stem cell function is a well-established feature of the aging process and plays a crucial role in the overall degeneration of tissues and organs as we age. Stem cells are responsible for tissue regeneration, repair, and maintaining homeostasis in the body. As we age, the function of these stem cells diminishes, leading to impaired tissue repair, reduced regeneration capacity, and an increased risk of age-related diseases. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000090 active minute http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000086 activity level Active minutes refer to the total duration of physical activity during which an individual engages in moderate to vigorous intensity exercise. This metric is commonly used to track and quantify the amount of time spent being physically active, providing insight into one's overall activity level and adherence to recommended exercise guidelines. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004338 body weight http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004342 waist circumference http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement The measurement around the body at the level of the ABDOMEN and just above the hip bone. The measurement is usually taken immediately after exhalation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17007 Positron Emission Tomography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17369 Imaging Technique A technique for measuring the gamma radiation produced by collisions of electrons and positrons (anti-electrons) within living tissue. In positron emission tomography (PET), a subject is given a dose of a positron-emitting radionuclide attached to a metabolically active substance (for example, 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG), which is similar to a naturally occurring sugar, glucose, with the addition of a radioactive fluorine atom). When living tissue containing the positron emitter is bombarded by electrons, gamma radiation produced by collisions of electrons and positrons is detected by a scanner, revealing in fine detail the tissue location of the metabolically-active substance administered. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C122778 Creatine Kinase MB http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032991 protein-containing complex An isoenzyme complex comprised of a heterodimer of creatine kinase M-type and B-type. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C15367 Risk Assessment http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000011 planned process An estimated probability that one or more adverse event(s) will occur as a result of exposure to an actual or potential hazardous situation or chemical. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C82669 Center for Drug Evaluation and Research http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17237 Food and Drug Administration The center within the Food and Drug Administration that assures the safety and effectiveness of drugs that are made available to improve the health of people in the United States. It regulates over-the-counter and prescription drugs, including biological therapeutics and generic drugs. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C82670 Center for Devices and Radiological Health http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17237 Food and Drug Administration The Center within the Food and Drug Administration that is responsible for regulating firms who manufacture, repackage, relabel, and/or import medical devices sold in the United States. In addition, it regulates radiation-emitting electronic products (medical and non-medical) such as lasers, x-ray systems, ultrasound equipment, microwave ovens and color televisions. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0009367 glucose metabolism measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement Quantification of a glucose metabolic process. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0009369 diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0003892 pulmonary function measurement A measurement of carbon monoxide (CO) transfer from inspired gas to pulmonary capillary blood. During the test, the subject inspires a gas containing CO and one or more tracer gases to allow determination of the gas exchanging capability of the lungs. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0009708 metastasis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_1110122 pathologic process The spread or migration of cancer cells from one part of the body (where they first appeared) to another. The secondary tumor contains cells that are like those in the original (primary) tumor. [ NCI ] http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0009718 peak expiratory flow http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0003892 pulmonary function measurement The maximum rate of gas flow, beginning at the point of peak inspiratory capacity, that can be sustained during forced exhalation for a defined period of time. This test is most often used in combination with other studies of lung function to diagnose and monitor obstructive and restrictive lung disease(s). [ NCI ] http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0009860 chromosomal aberration frequency http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004554 genomic measurement Frequency of chromosomal aberrations in human peripheral blood. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0009861 chromosome-type aberration frequency http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0009860 chromosomal aberration frequency Frequency of chromosome-type chromosomal aberrations in human peripheral blood (typically resulting in damage to both chromatids). http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0009862 chromatid-type aberration frequency http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0009860 chromosomal aberration frequency Frequency of chromatid-type chromosomal aberrations in human peripheral blood (typically resulting in damage to a single chromatid). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHMO_0000228 spectroscopy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000070 assay The study of the interaction of a sample with radiation or particles for measurement or detection. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHMO_0000470 mass spectrometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHMO_0000228 spectroscopy Spectrometry where the sample is converted into gaseous ions which are characterised by their mass-to-charge ratio and relative abundance. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17204 Computed Tomography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17369 Imaging Technique A method of examining structures within the body by scanning them with X rays and using a computer to construct a series of cross-sectional scans along a single axis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C112312 Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement The determination of the amount of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 present in a sample. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C113609 Chronic Liver Disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_409 liver disease Hepatic necrosis, inflammation, or scarring due to any cause that persists for more than 6 months. Manifestations may include signs and symptoms of cholestasis, portal hypertension, and/or abnormal liver function tests. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C16809 Magnetic Resonance Imaging http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17369 Imaging Technique Imaging that uses radiofrequency waves and a strong magnetic field rather than x-rays to provide detailed pictures of internal organs and tissues. The technique is valuable for the diagnosis of many pathologic conditions, including cancer, heart and vascular disease, stroke, and joint and musculoskeletal disorders. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C16866 Model http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000030 information content entity A representation of something, often idealized or modified to make it conceptually easier to understand. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C18000 Histologic Grade http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement The degree of abnormality of cancer cells, a measure of differentiation, the extent to which cancer cells are similar in appearance and function to healthy cells of the same tissue type. The degree of differentiation often relates to the clinical behavior of the particular tumor. Based on the microscopic findings, tumor grade is commonly described by one of four degrees of severity. Histopathologic grade of a tumor may be used to plan treatment and estimate the future course, outcome, and overall prognosis of disease. Certain types of cancers, such as soft tissue sarcoma, primary brain tumors, lymphomas, and breast have special grading systems. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C21051 Epigenetic Process http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010467 gene expression Changes in the regulation of the expression of gene activity without alteration of genetic structure. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C16199 Cancer Research http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000011 planned process Systematic investigation into the causes of cancer and development of strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and cure. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C38101 X-Ray Imaging http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17369 Imaging Technique A radiographic procedure using the emission of x-rays to form an image of the structure penetrated by the radiation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C16810 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C16809 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Detection and measurement of the resonant spectra of molecular species in a tissue or sample. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17237 Food and Drug Administration http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000027 biomarker regulatory entity One of the agencies of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. It assures the safety of foods and cosmetics, and the safety and efficacy of pharmaceuticals, biological products, radiation emitting products, medical devices, and also, animal feed and drugs. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAXO_0000001 medical action http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000011 planned process A clinically prescribed procedure, therapy, intervention, or recommendation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000445 biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000030 drug development tool A material entity that has a measurable quality or process profile(s), which can be used as an indicator of an underlying biological state or identity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000450 disease biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000445 biomarker A biomarker that is indicative of a disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C201303 Response Biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000445 biomarker A biomarker used to show that a biological response, potentially beneficial or harmful, has occurred in an individual who has been exposed to a medical product or an environmental agent. (NIH-FDA BEST (Biomarkers, Endpoints, and other Tools) Resource) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C201362 Monitoring Biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000445 biomarker A biomarker measured repeatedly for assessing status of a disease or medical condition or for evidence of exposure to (or effect of) a medical product or an environmental agent. (NIH-FDA BEST (Biomarkers, Endpoints, and other Tools) Resource) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C201365 Pharmacodynamic Biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C201303 Response Biomarker A response biomarker that indicates biologic activity of a medical product or environmental agent without necessarily drawing conclusions about efficacy or disease outcome or necessarily linking this activity to an established mechanism of action. (NIH-FDA BEST (Biomarkers, Endpoints, and other Tools) Resource) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C201367 Safety Biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000445 biomarker A biomarker measured before or after an exposure to a medical product or an environmental agent to indicate the likelihood, presence, or extent of toxicity as an adverse effect. (NIH-FDA BEST (Biomarkers, Endpoints, and other Tools) Resource) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000036 total kidney volume http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement Total Kidney Volume (TKV) is the primary measure of kidney growth and can provide information on disease status and its progression. MRI or CT scan are the best methods to obtain TKV measurements. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000150 ELOVL2 hypermethilation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0252 biological feature ELOVL2 hypermethylation refers to an increase in DNA methylation at the ELOVL2 gene, which has been consistently associated with aging. The ELOVL2 gene encodes an enzyme involved in the elongation of very long-chain fatty acids. It has emerged as one of the most reliable epigenetic biomarkers of aging. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000109 dynamic susceptibility contrast http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C16809 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DSC MRI) provides a noninvasive means to create high resolution maps of the regional distribution of cerebral blood volume (CBV). Most DSC MRI studies conducted to date have focused on the evaluation of patients with cerebral neoplasms, ischemia or infarction, and epilepsy. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000029 chronic pain biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000445 biomarker Biomarkers that represent acute and chronic pain, predisposition to develop chronic pain and , and pain chronification, recovery and treatment outcomes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000094 voice analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000015 process The process of examining the acoustic properties of a person's voice to extract meaningful information. This can include pitch, tone, volume, speech patterns, and other vocal features. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000138 brain aging http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0022597 aging Brain aging is a complex process that affects everything from the subcellular to the organ level, begins early in life, and accelerates with age. Morphologically, brain aging is primarily characterized by brain volume loss, cortical thinning, white matter degradation, loss of gyrification, and ventricular enlargement. Pathophysiologically, brain aging is associated with neuron cell shrinking, dendritic degeneration, demyelination, small vessel disease, metabolic slowing, microglial activation, and the formation of white matter lesions. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060903 thrombosis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_178 vascular disease A vascular disease caused by the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031796 Recurrent http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012823 Clinical modifier Applies to a sign, symptom or manifestation that occurs multiple times separated by intervals in which the sign, symptom, or manifestation is not present. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/STATO_0000412 prevalence http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000027 data item prevalence is a ratio formed by the number of subjects diagnosed with a disease divided by the total population size. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CMO_0003717 pulse wave velocity http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004517 arterial stiffness measurement Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a measurement of arterial stiffness that is an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk. It can be measured simply and noninvasively by measuring the carotid and femoral pulse pressures and the time delay between the two or by other methods relying on pulse-wave analysis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CMO_0003815 cerebral blood flow rate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric Cerebral blood flow (CBF) rate is the volume of blood delivered to or exiting the brain, through a network of cerebral arteries and veins, per unit time http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000115 functional connectivity density http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric Functional connectivity density (FCD) is a measure used in neuroimaging, particularly in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, to quantify the strength and distribution of functional connections between different brain regions. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000005 copy number variant biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000445 biomarker A biomarker of genomic variation in which blocks of DNA are missing or for which multiple copies exist. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000007 companion endpoint http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000445 biomarker A biomarker that is essential to the efficacy and safety of a corresponding therapeutic product. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000008 target biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000445 biomarker A biomarker that reports interaction of the drug with its target http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000010 staging biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000445 biomarker A biomarker that distinguishes between different stages of chronic disease. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000011 efficacy biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000445 biomarker A biomarker that predicts a beneficial effect of a given treatment. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000013 toxicity biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C201367 Safety Biomarker A biomarker that reports to the toxic effect of a drug on an in vitro or in vivo system. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000014 COX proportional hazards regression model http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C16866 Model The Cox proportional hazards regression model, often referred to as Cox regression or just proportional hazards model, is a statistical technique used to analyze the relationship between the survival time of subjects and predictor variables. It's commonly employed in survival analysis, a branch of statistics that deals with time-to-event data, such as time until death or time until recurrence of a disease. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000016 context of use http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000030 information content entity The context of use is a concise description of a biomarker's specified use in drug developement. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000018 analitical validation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000017 biomarker validation Analytical validation aims to establish the performance characteristics of a biomarker including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, precision, inter-laboratory reproducibility and other relevant performance characteristics following a pre-specified protocol. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000019 clinical validation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000017 biomarker validation Clinical validation aims to establish an association between the biomarker and the endpoint of interest and to demonstrate the usefulness of the biomarker. Clinical validation relies on external validation and can be done by retrospective use of clinical trial data or by prospective clinical trials. Retrospective use of clinical trial data is a form of external clinical validation where the biomarker evaluation is not part of the original study design. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000021 clinical specificity http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000144 parameter Specificity of the biomarker, referred to as the ability of a biomarker or a change in biomarker to distinguish patients who are responders to an intervention from those who are non-responders in terms of changes in clinical endpoints. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000025 companion diagnostics http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000070 assay When a biomarker test is designed to be used in conjunction with specific treatment, the test is known as a CDx. Safety and efficacy of the new drug and of the CDx are typically demonstrated in the same clinical trial for both the drug and the test. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000026 complementary diagnostics http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000070 assay Complementary diagnostics are tests that, although not needed for the prescription of the corresponding therapeutic product, provide useful information on the drug risk/benefit in specific patient subsets http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000027 biomarker regulatory entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000004 independent continuant A biomarker regulatory entity refers to a regulatory organization responsible for qualification and acceptance of biomarkers for futrher use in pharmaceutical research and development. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000030 drug development tool http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000040 material entity A biomarker, clinical outcome assesment, or any other method, material, or measure determined to aid drug development and regulatory review (FD&C Act, section 507(e)(5)). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000033 21st Century Cures Act http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICO_0000233 regulatory document The 21st Century Cures Act (Cures Act), signed into law on December 13, 2016, is designed to help accelerate medical product development and bring new innovations and advances to patients who need them faster and more efficiently. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000041 cross-validation testing http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000011 planned process Cross-validation or out-of-sample testing is a technique that is used to ensure that a model is robust if separate training and test data sets are not available. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000043 regulatory standard http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C19498 Document A regulatory standard refers to a set of rules, guidelines, specifications, or requirements established by regulatory authorities to ensure the safety, efficacy, quality, and compliance of products, services, processes, or systems within a particular industry or jurisdiction. Regulatory standards play a critical role in protecting public health, safety, and welfare, promoting fair trade practices, and maintaining consumer confidence in regulated sectors. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000044 regulatory guideline http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C19498 Document Regulatory guidelines are documents issued by regulatory authorities or standardization organizations to provide recommendations, interpretations, instructions, or best practices for complying with regulatory requirements, industry standards, or established norms within a specific jurisdiction or field of activity. These guidelines offer guidance to regulated entities, stakeholders, and practitioners on how to interpret, implement, and adhere to applicable regulations, standards, or policies effectively. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000046 biomarker qualification http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000011 planned process Qualification is the evidentiary process of linking a biomarker with biological processes and clinical end points. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000049 systolic function http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008150 biological_process Systolic function refers to the heart's ability to throw out a specific amount of blood in a certain amount of time. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000054 prediction model http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C16866 Model A prediction model, also known as a predictive model or forecasting model, is a statistical or computational tool used to make predictions or forecasts about future events or outcomes based on historical data and patterns. Prediction models are widely used across various fields, including finance, healthcare, marketing, weather forecasting, and sports analytics, among others. These models leverage patterns and relationships within the data to make predictions about future behavior or events. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000062 lipoprotein a http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000000001 protein A lipoprotein that resembles the LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS but with an extra protein moiety, APOPROTEIN (A) also known as APOLIPOPROTEIN (A), linked to APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100 on the LDL by one or two disulfide bonds. High plasma level of lipoprotein (a) is associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000068 biomarker repurposing http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000011 planned process Biomarker repurposing, the novel application of existing biomarkers for other purposes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000069 candidate biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000445 biomarker Properly performed, biomarker discovery can lead to effective candidates that can ultimately serve as predictors of disease, medical condition, define therapeutic parameters, and many other applications in medicine. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000076 therapeutic biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000445 biomarker A therapeutic biomarker is a measurable biological characteristic or indicator that is used to assess the response to a therapeutic intervention, such as a medication, treatment, or therapy. These biomarkers provide valuable information about the effectiveness, safety, and potential side effects of the intervention, helping healthcare professionals tailor treatment plans to individual patients and optimize therapeutic outcomes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000077 digital biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000445 biomarker Digital biomarkers are objective, quantifiable, physiological, and behavioral measures that are collected by means of digital devices that are portable, wearable, implantable, or digestible. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000079 wearable http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000078 digital device Wearables are electronic devices that can be worn on the body, typically as accessories or clothing items, to provide functionality, collect data, and offer convenience and connectivity. These devices have gained popularity in recent years for their ability to track health metrics, provide notifications, and integrate with smartphones and other digital platforms, enhancing users' lifestyles and well-being. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000080 smartwatch http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000079 wearable A smartwatch is a wearable device that combines the functionality of a traditional wristwatch with features typically associated with smartphones and other electronic devices. Smartwatches offer a wide range of capabilities, including timekeeping, notifications, health and fitness tracking, communication, and app integration, all accessible from the user's wrist. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000083 augmentation index http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004517 arterial stiffness measurement Augmentation index is a measure of systemic arterial stiffness derived from the ascending aortic pressure waveform. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000085 stiffness index http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004517 arterial stiffness measurement The stiffness index (SI) derived from the analysis of digital volume pulse (DVP) is a noninvasive indirect technique of measuring arterial stiffness peripherally. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000088 distance walked http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000086 activity level Distance walked is a straightforward and important metric that reflects the total length covered by an individual during a specified period, typically measured in meters or miles. This metric is widely used in various fields, including healthcare, fitness, sports, and rehabilitation, to assess physical activity levels, mobility, and overall health. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000089 distance run http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000086 activity level Distance run refers to the total length covered by an individual while running, typically measured in miles or kilometers. It is a fundamental metric used to assess a runner's performance, track progress, and set goals for training and competition. Distance running is a popular form of aerobic exercise that provides numerous health benefits and is enjoyed by people of all ages and fitness levels. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000093 gait analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000015 process Determination of the level of functional limitation that may be due to pathology, and evaluating rehabilitative intervention of the way in which the body moves from one point to another. Most often, this is done by walking. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000101 heart rate recovery http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric The rate at which the heart rate returns to baseline after physical activity, indicative of cardiovascular fitness and recovery capacity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000103 blood lipid level http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric Blood lipid levels refer to the concentration of various lipid molecules in the blood. These lipids include cholesterol (including LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and total cholesterol) and triglycerides. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000108 myelin water fraction http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric The myelin water fraction (MWF) is defined as the ratio of the myelin water signal (15 ms < T2 < 40 ms) to the total water signal and correlates strongly with histological staining for myelin. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000110 cerebral blood volume http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric Cerebral blood volume (CBV) is one of the parameters generated by perfusion techniques (CT perfusion and MR perfusion). CBV is defined as the volume of blood in a given amount of brain tissue, most commonly milliliters of blood per 100 g of brain tissue. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000111 tumor metabolism http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008150 biological_process Tumor metabolism refers to the biochemical processes occurring within cancer cells to meet their energy demands, support growth, and sustain proliferation. Cancer cells exhibit distinct metabolic characteristics compared to normal cells, which enable them to adapt to the unique microenvironment of tumors and support their uncontrolled growth. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000112 lesion load http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric Lesion load codes the amount of damage to a given brain region of interest. Lesion load aims to reduce the complex 3D lesion information into a feature that can reflect both site of damage, defined by the location of the region of interest, and size of damage within that region of interest. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000113 gray matter volume http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric Gray matter volume refers to the amount or volume of gray matter present in the brain. Gray matter consists of neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses, and it plays a crucial role in processing information and coordinating various functions within the brain. Measurements of gray matter volume are typically obtained using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. MRI allows researchers and clinicians to visualize and quantify the volume of gray matter in specific brain regions or across the entire brain. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000114 tissue attenuation coefficient http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric The attenuation coefficient is a measure of how much the incident energy beam (e.g. ultrasound or x-rays) is weakened by the material it is passing through. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000116 blood oxygen level-dependent signal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric The blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal, detected in fMRI, reflects changes in deoxyhemoglobin driven by localized changes in brain blood flow and blood oxygenation, which are coupled to underlying neuronal activity by a process termed neurovascular coupling. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000117 axonal water fraction http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric Axonal water fraction (AWF) is a metric used in diffusion MRI (dMRI) to characterize the microstructural properties of white matter in the brain. It quantifies the proportion of water molecules associated specifically with the axonal compartments within white matter tissue. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000118 apparent fiber density http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric Apparent Fiber Density (AFD) is a metric derived from diffusion MRI (dMRI) data, particularly from high-angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) or diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI). It quantifies the density of axons within a specific region of interest or white matter pathway in the brain. AFD is calculated based on the orientation distribution functions (ODFs) obtained from dMRI data. It reflects the density of axons within the imaging voxel and provides information about the microstructural integrity of white matter tracts. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000119 fractional anisotropy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric Fractional Anisotropy (FA) is a metric derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique used to study the microstructural organization of tissues, particularly white matter in the brain. FA quantifies the degree of anisotropy of water diffusion within tissue. In white matter, water molecules tend to diffuse more easily along the direction of the fiber tracts (axonal bundles) than perpendicular to them. FA values range from 0 to 1, where higher values indicate greater directionality or organization of the tissue microstructure, typically reflecting intact white matter tracts. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000122 mean diffusivity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric Mean diffusivity (MD) is a metric derived from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) data. It quantifies the average magnitude of water molecule diffusion within a particular tissue or region of interest. MD is calculated based on the diffusion tensor, which characterizes the rate and directionality of water diffusion in tissue. Unlike fractional anisotropy (FA), which measures the degree of diffusion directionality, MD represents the overall magnitude of diffusion regardless of direction. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000137 mitochondrial function http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008152 metabolic process Mitochondrial function refers to the various vital processes performed by mitochondria, which are the energy-producing organelles in cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000140 proteomic clock http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000154 age estimator A proteomic aging clock is a biological tool that estimates an individual's biological age based on the levels of specific proteins in the body. These proteins serve as biomarkers of aging, reflecting underlying processes such as inflammation, metabolism, immune function, and cellular repair mechanisms. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000141 hannum clock http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000139 epigenetic clock The Hannum Clock is one of the early and widely recognized epigenetic clocks designed to estimate biological age by analyzing DNA methylation patterns. It was developed by Dr. Gregory Hannum and his colleagues in 2013 and represents a key advancement in the field of aging research. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000143 DNAm PhenoAge http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000139 epigenetic clock https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31780646/ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000144 phenotypic age http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000011 age Phenotypic age refers to an individual’s biological age, which is determined by their physical characteristics and functioning rather than their chronological age http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000145 GrimAge clock http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000139 epigenetic clock An epigenetic clock called DNA methylation GrimAge (DNAmGrimAge) was specifically designed to connect the relationship between “grim” events such as death and biological age and its derivation was based on smoking pack-years and multiple inflammatory proteins associated with mortality. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000151 hayflick limit http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000155 biological principle The Hayflick limit refers to the discovery by Leonard Hayflick that normal human cells grown in culture can only divide a finite number of times before entering a state of senescence, where they cease to divide. It describes a limit on the process of cell division and is related to the concept of cellular senescence. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000319 cardiovascular disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_1287 cardiovascular system disease A body system disease which occurs in the blood, heart, blood vessels or the lymphatic system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells or lymph to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAXO_0000002 therapeutic procedure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAXO_0000001 medical action All manners of treatment, be they pharmaceuticals, invasive procedures, etc. to relieve illness and injury in attempts to bring the body back to its normal state. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAXO_0000003 diagnostic procedure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAXO_0000001 medical action Any procedure or test to diagnose a disease or disorder. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAXO_0000004 surgical procedure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAXO_0000001 medical action A diagnostic or treatment procedure performed by manual and/or instrumental means, often involving an incision and the removal or replacement of a diseased organ or tissue; of or relating to or involving or used in surgery or requiring or amenable to treatment by surgery. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAXO_0000018 biomarker analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAXO_0000003 diagnostic procedure A broad subcategory of medical signs or objective indications of medical state which can be measured accurately and reproducibly. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAXO_0000127 genetic testing http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAXO_0000002 therapeutic procedure The process of isolating and testing the DNA of an embryo or a person to detect the presence of genetic alterations or defects that may predispose to the future development of a disease or disorder. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAXO_0010203 echocardiography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAXO_0000003 diagnostic procedure The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the heart. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0858950 traumatic brain injury http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0043510 brain injury A brain disease that is characterized by brain dysfunction caused by an outside force, usually a violent blow to the head. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SYMP_0000061 inflammation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SYMP_0000462 symptom Inflammation is a general symptom where there is a local response to cellular injury that is marked by capillary dilatation, leukocytic infiltration, redness, heat, pain, swelling, and often loss of function and that serves as a mechanism initiating the elimination of noxious agents and of damaged tissue. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SYMP_0000178 weight loss http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SYMP_0000462 symptom A weight symptom that is characterized by a reduction of the total body mass, by a mean loss of fluid, body fat (adipose tissue), or lean mass (namely bone mineral deposits, muscle, tendon, and other connective tissue). Weight loss can either occur unintentionally because of malnourishment or an underlying disease. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C41389 Positive Predictive Value of Diagnostic Test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000027 data item The probability that an individual is affected with the condition when a positive test result is observed. Predictive values should only be calculated from cohort studies or studies that legitimately reflect the number of people in the population who have the condition of interest at that time since predictive values are inherently dependent upon the prevalence. PPVDT can be determined by calculating: number of true positive results divided by the sum of true positive results plus number of false positive results. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C41390 Negative Predictive Value of Diagnostic Test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000027 data item The probability that an individual is not affected with the condition when a negative test result is observed. This measure of accuracy should only be used if the data on the prevalence of condition of interest in given population is available. NPVDT can be determined by calculating: number of true negative results divided by the sum of true negative results plus number of false negative results. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CMO_0002812 heart rate variability http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric Heart rate variability (HRV) is the physiological phenomenon of variation in the time interval between heartbeats. It is measured by the variation in the beat-to-beat interval. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0803363 wake after sleep onset http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004870 sleep measurement A measurement of the sum of durations of wakefulness episodes throughout the night, not including the wakefulness before sleep onset. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0803364 sleep efficiency http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004870 sleep measurement A relative measurement of the time spent asleep to the total time spent in bed. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0022599 DNA methylation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C21051 Epigenetic Process The covalent transfer of a methyl group to either N-6 of adenine or C-5 or N-4 of cytosine. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000148 zero-dimensional temporal region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000008 temporal region temporal instant. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_3000023411 SIRT1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 gene SIR2L1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000463 imaging disease biomarkers by MRI http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000461 imaging disease biomarker imaging disease biomarkers by magnetic resonance imaging http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_3000051547 SIRT7 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 gene SIR2L7 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35143 hemoglobin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23367 molecular entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000158 pace of aging computed from the epigenome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000157 DNA methylation risk score http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000159 MetaboHealth score http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000160 MetaboAge score http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000162 intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000163 extrinsic epigenetic age acceleration http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000081 metric http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_010048 male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001241 physical object quality http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_010052 female http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001241 physical object quality http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002317 Unsteady gait http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100022 Abnormality of movement http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000002 continuant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000001 entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000003 occurrent http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000001 entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000008 temporal region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000003 occurrent http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000011 spatiotemporal region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000003 occurrent http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000040 material entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000004 independent continuant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000141 immaterial entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000004 independent continuant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000155 biological principle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000004 independent continuant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000009 two-dimensional spatial region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000006 spatial region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000018 zero-dimensional spatial region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000006 spatial region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000026 one-dimensional spatial region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000006 spatial region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000028 three-dimensional spatial region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000006 spatial region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000038 one-dimensional temporal region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000008 temporal region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000182 history http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000015 process http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0002721 postmenopausal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000015 process http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000034 function http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000016 disposition http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000016 disposition http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000017 realizable entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000023 role http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000017 realizable entity http://purl.allotrope.org/ontologies/realizable#AFRE_0000002 procedure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000017 realizable entity http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000027 process quality http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000019 quality http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000307 normality http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000019 quality http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_001215 severe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000019 quality http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000017 realizable entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000020 specifically dependent continuant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000019 quality http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000020 specifically dependent continuant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000024 fiat object part http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000040 material entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000027 object aggregate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000040 material entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000030 object http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000040 material entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000142 one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000140 continuant fiat boundary http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000146 two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000140 continuant fiat boundary http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000147 zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000140 continuant fiat boundary http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000006 spatial region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000141 immaterial entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000029 site http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000141 immaterial entity http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000075 mathematical entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000030 information content entity http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000144 parameter http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000030 information content entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000169 biomarker text-mining category http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000030 information content entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0024149 Leukoaraiosis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_1110122 pathologic process http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000167 cortical thinning http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_1110122 pathologic process http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000168 functional connectivity decline http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_1110122 pathologic process http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000153 biological age http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000011 age http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0003786 cytokine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000000001 protein http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000923 correlation http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000075 mathematical entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C16234 Clinical Sensitivity http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000144 parameter http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000554 normal http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000307 normality http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000555 abnormal http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000307 normality http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000640 increased http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000555 abnormal http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000751 decreased http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000555 abnormal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_2351 iron metabolism disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0014667 disease of metabolism http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_409 liver disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4 disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_5082 liver cirrhosis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_409 liver disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0030323 ARG1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 gene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0033136 KLRB1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 gene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0033342 MAF http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 gene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0033345 MAFG http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 gene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0036686 TPST1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 gene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0036840 AKR1C3 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 gene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0043247 WWC3 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 gene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C28234 Progression-free Survival http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000134 knee extension strength http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000164 handgrip strength http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001444 measurement http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C53249 Spearman Correlation Test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012786 statistical analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000070 diagnostic biomarker text mining bin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000169 biomarker text-mining category http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000074 predictive biomarker text minig bin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000169 biomarker text-mining category http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000072 monitoring biomarker text mining bin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000169 biomarker text-mining category http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000100 imaging biomarker text mining bin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000169 biomarker text-mining category http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000098 digital biomarker text mining bin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000169 biomarker text-mining category http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000073 prognostic biomarker text minig bin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000169 biomarker text-mining category http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000136 biomarker of aging text mining bin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000169 biomarker text-mining category http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000156 GrimAge2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000139 epigenetic clock http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0005168 wild type genotype http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000513 genotype http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004713 FEV/FVC ratio http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0003892 pulmonary function measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0007783 mosaic loss of chromosome Y measurement http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004554 genomic measurement http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C94416 Sleep Stage http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004870 sleep measurement http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000154 age estimator http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C16866 Model http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000452 molecular biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000445 biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000454 imaging biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000445 biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C68763 Valid Biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000445 biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000446 immune biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000445 biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000161 integrative biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000445 biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000447 cytokine biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000446 immune biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000448 inflammatory cytokine biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000447 cytokine biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000464 cancer marker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPMI_0000450 disease biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000146 mitotic clock http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000154 age estimator http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000152 BloodAge http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000154 age estimator http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000001 entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000099 isImagingBiomarkerFor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000065 isPrognosticBiomarkerFor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000071 isPredictiveBiomarkerFor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000097 isDigitalBiomarkerFor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000057 isCandidateBiomarkerFor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bmont.owl/BMONT_0000137 isBiomarkerOfAging http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000066 isDiagnosticBiomarkerFor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BMONT_0000067 isMonitoringBiomarkerFor