Term IRI Term label Parent term IRI Parent term label Alternative term Definition http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000635 inulin analysis by thiourea-resorcinol assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000634 inulin analysis by liquid phase colorimetry An assay of inulin content in a liquid sample by the thiourea-resorcinol method, where an orange-red color is formed by the reaction of hydrolyzed inulin with resorinol in strong hydrochloric acid. Inulin clearance can be used to assess glomerular filtration rate. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000696 optical coherence tomography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging technique that uses low-coherence light to capture micrometer-resolution, two- and three-dimensional images from within optical scattering media (e.g., biological tissue). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000802 automated serum alkaline phosphatase activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000794 serum alkaline phosphatase activity assay This is a method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP) in a specified sample of serum, i.e. blood plasma from which clotting factors have been removed. AP is an enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of orthophosphate from orthophosphoric monoesters under alkaline conditions. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000866 computerized assessment of automated movement detection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000591 activity monitoring apparatus method This is a procedure or technique in which the movements of a living body are detected, logged, and analyzed by the use of computerized electromagnetic beams/detectors and analysis software. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000675 vapor pressure osmometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000170 osmometry Technique for the determination of a polymer's number average molecular weight. It works by taking advantage of the decrease in vapor pressure that occurs when solutes are added to pure solvent. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000600 observational fear learning apparatus method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000256 movement/behavior test enclosure method A method using an enclosure with two chambers separated by a transparent partition whereby one of the chambers is equipped with foot shock capability; the test subject is able to observe the reaction of another subject receiving a shock. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000680 chromatin immunoprecipitation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000682 immunoprecipitation A type of chromatin immunoprecipitation that uses a tiling microarray for the detection of protein-bound DNA regions where chromatin is immunoprecipitated for protein tagging and DNA is sheared from the cross-linked protein-DNA complex to be arrayed revealing the protein-bound genomic regions. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000654 primer extension assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000641 transcript expression assay A method which assesses transcript expression and structure by primer extension, that is, an assay in which an oligonucleotide primer is annealed to RNA and extended to a cDNA copy by reverse transcription. When the RNA of interest is present in the sample, the size of the product indicates the position of the 5' end of the RNA. In the presence of an excess of primer, the amount of the product is an indication of the level of target RNA in the sample. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000690 serum parathyroid hormone analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000688 blood parathyroid hormone analysis Any method by which the level or concentration in a sample of serum of parathyroid hormone is measured. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000689 plasma parathyroid hormone analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000688 blood parathyroid hormone analysis Any method by which the level or concentration in a sample of plasma of parathyroid hormone is measured. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000594 go/no-go task http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000256 movement/behavior test enclosure method A pass/fail test used to measure a subject's capacity for sustained attention and response control; a test is passed when the go condition is met and also the no-go condition fails. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000632 standard blood serum chemistry panel http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000169 standard blood chemistry panel A standardized group of tests which are routinely performed to determine the general health of a patient or test subject, specifically using blood serum as the input. Serum is the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000655 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000459 polymerase chain reaction assay A method which assesses transcript expression by conversion of an RNA template into complementary DNA (cDNA) by reverse transcription. The cDNA is used as a template for exponential amplification by the polymerase chain reaction, a technique which produces a large number of copies of one or more specific DNA sequences via multiple rounds of thermal cycling where DNA is melted, annealed to oligonucleotide primers, and extended using a thermostable DNA polymerase. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000613 tail length measuring method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000612 in vivo body part measuring method A method by which the length of the tail, that is, the extent of the tail along its greatest dimension, is measured. The tail is an external caudal extension of the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000644 high-throughput expression assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000640 expression assay Any method which uses rapid, highly parallel techniques to identify and characterize, for example determine the levels of, a large number of biomolecules (e.g. proteins or RNAs) in a limited number of samples, a limited number of biomolecules in a large number of samples, or a large number of biomolecules in a large number of samples. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000666 high throughput proteomic profiling by array http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000664 high-throughput proteomic profiling Any method which employs an array (a two-dimensionally ordered arrangement of tissues, antibodies or other biomolecular interactors on a solid substrate) to identify and characterize, for example determine the levels of, a large number of proteins in a limited number of samples, a limited number of proteins in a large number of samples, or a large number of proteins in a large number of samples. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000606 visual cliff apparatus method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000256 movement/behavior test enclosure method A method used to test depth perception and assess anxiety-related behaviors; the apparatus consists a a sheet of clear acrylic that covers a cloth with a high-contrast checkerboard pattern; one end of the cloth is placed immediately beneath the acrylic sheet while the other end is placed below the acrylic sheet, giving the appearance of depth while protecting the subject from actually falling. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000605 three-chamber sociability and social novelty test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000604 three-chamber assay A three-chamber assay in which the test subject is first acclimated to the apparatus then subjected to two test scenarios, the first in which one of the three chambers contains a novel animal of the same species which the third chamber is empty, followed by a second in which that same previously-novel animal is again presented in chamber two and another 'never-before-met intruder' is presented in chamber three. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000783 laparotomy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method A laparotomy is a surgical procedure involving a surgical incision through the abdominal wall to gain access into the abdominal cavity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000821 automated plasma chloride test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000805 automated plasma electrolyte analysis This is an automated analysis to determine the level of chloride ions in plasma, the fluid portion of the blood remaining after cells and platelets are removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000855 metabolic cage urine mass measurement method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000856 urine mass measurement method This is a method which utilizes a metabolic cage, a housing unit constructed for the separate collection of liquid and solid waste, to determine the mass of a sample of urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000856 urine mass measurement method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000147 urine analysis This is any method by which the mass of a sample of urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys, is determined. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000857 ex vivo solid waste analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000027 ex vivo method This is any method to determine the nature, properties, or composition of solid biological waste, that is a solid waste produced by a living organism, after that waste has been removed or defecated from the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000858 metabolic cage feces mass measurement method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000857 ex vivo solid waste analysis This is a method which utilizes a metabolic cage, a housing unit constructed for the separate collection and measurement of liquid and solid waste, to determine the mass of a sample of feces, the bodily waste discharged through the anus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000859 metabolic cage food consumption measurement method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000620 food intake measuring method This is a method which utilizes a metabolic cage, a housing unit constructed for the separate collection of liquid and solid waste, to determine the amount of solid or semi-solid food consumed during a fixed period of time. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000860 metabolic cage drink measurement method (MMO:0000697) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000619 drink intake measuring method This is a method which utilizes a metabolic cage, a housing unit constructed for the separate collection of liquid and solid waste, to determine the amount of liquid consumed during a fixed time period. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000582 intra-carotid radiotelemetry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000015 radiotelemetry A method which utilizes a measurement device implanted in one of the common carotid arteries (that is, the two main arteries which supply oxygenated blood to the head before each bifurcates into an internal and an external carotid artery) which transmits radio signals to a recording device. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000583 ex vivo analysis of atomic composition http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000027 ex vivo method A procedure or technique performed outside the living body by which the atomic composition, that is, the relative or absolute amounts of one or more specific elements in a sample are measured. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000584 ex vivo analysis of atomic composition following dry ashing http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000583 ex vivo analysis of atomic composition A procedure or technique performed outside the living body by which the atomic composition, that is, the relative or absolute amounts of one or more specific elements in a sample that has been subjected to dry ashing. Dry ashing is defined as the heating of a substance to leave only noncombustible ash, usually performed by placing the sample in an open inert vessel and destroying the combustible (organic) portion of the sample by thermal decomposition. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000585 flame atomic emission spectrometry following dry ashing http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000039 flame atomic emission spectrometry A method in which a sample is reduced to noncombustible ash followed by the measurement of its atomic composition by atomic emission spectrometry. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000672 knock-in in situ reporter assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000670 in situ reporter assay An in situ reporter assay designed to detect, in intact cells or tissues, expression of a reporter gene that has been inserted into the genome by the process of homologous recombination with the goal of recapitulating the expression pattern of the endogenous gene. A reporter gene is a gene whose product is not ordinarily present in the assayed organism or cell type, such as beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) or green fluorescent protein (GFP). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000670 in situ reporter assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000643 in situ expression assay An assay designed to detect expression of a reporter gene in intact tissues or cells. A reporter gene is a gene whose product is not ordinarily present in the assayed organism or cell type, such as beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) or green fluorescent protein (GFP). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000737 sensation test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method A determination of exteroceptive sensation (touch, temperature, pain), proprioceptive sensation (joint position, vibration) , or cortical sensory functions. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000804 automated plasma calcium test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000805 automated plasma electrolyte analysis This is a method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the total calcium in blood plasma, which includes free, ionized calcium and calcium bound to anions and proteins. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000807 plasma alanine aminotransferase activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000790 blood alanine aminotransferase activity assay This is a method which quantifies the enzymatic activity of glutamic-pyruvate transaminase enzyme, commonly known as alanine transaminase or alanine aminotransferase (ALT), enzyme in a specified sample of blood plasma. ALT catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to generate pyruvate and glutamate. Serum ALT level is used as an enzymatic marker for liver disease or damage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000814 plasma urea analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000272 blood urea analysis An assay which measures the amount, level or concentration of urea, the chief nitrogenous endproduct of protein metabolism, in plasma, i.e. blood from which cells and platelets have been removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000571 fear conditioning test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000256 movement/behavior test enclosure method A test in which an aversive stimulus is administered, either paired one or more times with a neutral stimulus followed by assessment of subsequent fear/emotion-based reactions in response to the neutral stimulus alone (cued) or within a certain environment or context followed by assessment of subsequent fear/emotion-based reactions in that environment without the aversive stimulus (contextual). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000572 contextual fear conditioning test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000571 fear conditioning test A test in which an aversive stimulus is administered within a certain environment or context followed by assessment of subsequent fear/emotion-based reactions in that environment without the aversive stimulus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000573 cued fear conditioning test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000571 fear conditioning test A test in which an aversive stimulus is administered paired one or more times with a neutral stimulus followed by assessment of subsequent fear/emotion-based reactions in response to the neutral stimulus alone. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000574 forced swim test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000256 movement/behavior test enclosure method Test in which an animal is placed in a tank of water without platforms and behaviors (such as swimming, climbing and floating) are assessed for a set period of time. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000575 computational method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000000 measurement method A method whereby a value or values are achieved largely or completely via calculations, such as statistical calculations or application of simple or complex algorithms for analysis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000576 Kaplan-Meier estimate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000575 computational method A statistical method for determining the probability of surviving for a given length of time while considering time in many small intervals. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000697 metabolic cage water drinking measurement method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000860 metabolic cage drink measurement method (MMO:0000697) This is a method which utilizes a metabolic cage, a housing unit constructed for the separate collection of liquid and solid waste, to determine the amount of water consumed during a fixed time period. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000698 comprehensive metabolic panel http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000030 ex vivo blood analysis The comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) is a panel of 14 blood tests which serves as an initial broad medical screening tool. The CMP provides a rough check of kidney function, liver function, diabetic and parathyroid status, and electrolyte and fluid balance. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000811 plasma aspartate aminotransferase activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000787 blood aspartate aminotransferase activity assay This is a method which quantifies the enzymatic activity of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase enzyme, commonly known as aspartate transaminase or aspartate aminotransferase (AST), in a specified sample of plasma, i.e. blood from which cells and platelets have been removed. AST catalyzes the reversible transfer of an amine group from l-glutamic acid to oxaloacetic acid, forming alpha-ketoglutaric acid and l-aspartic acid. Blood AST level is used as an enzymatic marker for liver disease or damage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000577 intra-aortic radiotelemetry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000015 radiotelemetry A method which utilizes a measurement device implanted in any part of the aorta which transmits radio signals to a recording device. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000578 intra-aortic thoracic radiotelemetry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000577 intra-aortic radiotelemetry A method which utilizes a measurement device implanted in the thoracic aorta which transmits radio signals to a recording device. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000579 intra-aortic thoracic radiotelemetry via carotid cannulation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000578 intra-aortic thoracic radiotelemetry A method which utilizes an implanted measurement device to transmit radio signals to a recording device, where the device is implanted in the thoracic aorta using a cannula inserted through the carotid artery. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000580 intra-aortic abdominal radiotelemetry via femoral cannulation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000070 intra-aortic abdominal radiotelemetry A method which utilizes an implanted measurement device to transmit radio signals to a recording device, where the device is implanted in the abdominal aorta using a cannula inserted through the femoral artery. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000581 intra-aortic abdominal radiotelemetry via abdominal aorta cannulation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000070 intra-aortic abdominal radiotelemetry A method which utilizes an implanted measurement device to transmit radio signals to a recording device, where the device is implanted directly in the abdominal aorta using a cannula inserted through the abdominal aorta. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000647 Northern blot assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000100 gel electrophoresis A method which assesses transcript expression in which RNA is size-fractionated by gel electrophoresis and transferred and covalently bound to a membrane. The RNA on the membrane is subsequently analysed by hybridization to one or more specific probes that have been labelled to allow detection. Visualization of the sequence-specific binding of labelled probe(s) to target RNAs gives an indication of the level and size of the target in the original sample. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000751 immunofluorescence confocal microscopy with digital image analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000686 immunofluorescence confocal microscopy A method which incorporates use of immunofluorescence confocal microscopy to produce picture files stored as data expressed in a discrete numerical form, followed by use of computer software to evaluate these resulting microscopic images. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000754 optokinetic reflex test method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method This testing method may involve an optokinetic drum, a strip of paper with alternating 2-inch black/colored and white strips, or a mirror used to rotate across the subject's visual field. Any of the options may be passed in front of the subject's eye(s). The subject looks at the object as it rapidly moves by. The time between cycles of the eye(s) repositioning to the original position is recorded. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000736 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000534 mass spectrometry Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is an elemental analysis technology capable of detecting most of the periodic table of elements at milligram to nanogram levels per liter. The Inductively coupled plasma is an ionization source that fully decomposes a sample into its constituent elements and transforms those elements into ions. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000831 automated plasma gamma-glutamyltransferase activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000829 plasma gamma-glutamyltransferase activity assay This is a method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the enzymatic activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in a specified sample of plasma, the fluid portion of the blood remaining after cells and platelets are removed. GGT catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety of glutathione to an acceptor such as amino acid, a peptide or water. Blood GGT level is used as an enzymatic marker for liver disease or damage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000840 automated plasma urea nitrogen analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000818 automated plasma urea analysis This is a method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the amount of nitrogen present in plasma, the clear liquid that separates from blood after cells and platelets have been removed. Urea is the chief nitrogenous end product of protein metabolism and is formed in the liver from amino acids and from ammonia compounds and is found in urine, blood, and lymph. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000143 automated serum chloride test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000556 automated serum electrolyte analysis An automated analysis to determine the level of chloride ions in serum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000631 standard blood plasma chemistry panel http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000169 standard blood chemistry panel A standardized group of tests which are routinely performed to determine the general health of a patient or test subject, specifically using blood plasma as the input. Plasma is the fibrinogen-containing fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000688 blood parathyroid hormone analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000311 blood hormone analysis Any method by which the level or concentration in a sample of blood of parathyroid hormone is measured. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000684 gel filtration chromatography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000404 liquid column chromatography A type of chromatography resulting from the exclusion of proteins based on molecular size by filtration through a porous matrix (swollen gel), from which larger molecules are excluded. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000603 puzzle box apparatus method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000256 movement/behavior test enclosure method A method used to assess the motivation of a subject to solve problems when exposed to an arena unequally partitioned into two compartments, a larger, brightly-lit compartment which is usually the start box and a smaller, dark compartment which is the goal box. The entrance to the smaller compartment can be blocked with a number of 'obstacles' which the animal must navigate or remove to reach the goal box. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000678 anion-exchange chromatography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000404 liquid column chromatography A type of chromatography where a positively charged ion exchange resin with an affinity for molecules having net negative surface charges is used to separate the molecules. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000658 ribonucleic acid in situ hybridization assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000643 in situ expression assay A method in which RNA or oligonucleotide probes are hybridized to tissue sections, cells, whole mounts, or circulating tumor cells to assess the levels and/or localization of specific RNAs. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000628 in vivo X-ray radiography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000124 in vivo radiography An imaging technique using X-rays to view internal structures of a living subject. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000618 consumption measuring method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method Any method used to quantify intake or ingestion, especially of food or drink. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000641 transcript expression assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000640 expression assay Any method which measures the levels, timing, and/or location, or differential quantification of specific gene transcripts, that is, RNA molecules formed from DNA templates during transcription. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000587 wildness assessment scale method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000586 wildness/tameness assessment method A method by which wildness and ease of handling of animals, for example, laboratory animals, is assessed and a score or grade on a specified scale is assigned. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000653 nuclease S1 protection assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000651 nuclease protection assay A nuclease protection assay in which the probe is DNA and the nuclease is S1 nuclease, an endonuclease which preferentially cleaves single-stranded polynucleotides, including both ssDNA and ssRNA. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000661 protein function-based expression assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000642 protein expression assay Any method which measures the levels, timing, and/or location of, or differentially quantifies, proteins through the use of assays to measure specific protein function. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000612 in vivo body part measuring method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000119 body measuring method A procedure or technique performed in or on an intact body, especially a living body, by which a morphological parameter of some part or subdivision of that body is assessed and a quantitative or qualitative value assigned. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000646 nucleic acid dot/slot blot assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000641 transcript expression assay A method that assesses transcript expression in which unfracionated RNA is covalently bound to a membrane and subsequently analysed by hybridization to one or more specific probes that have been labelled to allow detection, or DNA sequences of interest are bound to a membrane and hybridized to a labelled RNA/cDNA sample. Visualization of the sequence-specific binding of labelled molecules to target(s) gives an indication of the amount of the sequence of interest in the original sample. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000608 Barnes circular maze test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000257 movement/behavior test maze method A method that utilizes an enclosure made up of a circular surface with up to 20 holes (one is an escape hole); visual cues are placed outside the enclosure but in full view of the test subject. The test requires that an test subject makes a choice or a series of choices and/or learn a specific solution to the problem of escaping; used to test spatial learning and memory. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000596 home cage monitoring method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000256 movement/behavior test enclosure method A test used to measure and/or record movement or behavior of a test subject in its home cage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000593 endurance swim test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000574 forced swim test A test in which an animal is placed in a tank of water without platforms; swimming endurance is measured for a set period of time. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000633 bronchoalveolar lavage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000235 body fluid collection method A technique in which fluid is introduced into the lung(s) then collected for analysis, for example assessment of cells, proteins or pathogens in the lungs. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000671 transgenic in situ reporter assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000670 in situ reporter assay An in situ reporter assay designed to detect, in intact cells or tissues, expression of a reporter gene that has been randomly integrated into the genome. A reporter gene is a gene whose product is not ordinarily present in the assayed organism or cell type, such as beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) or green fluorescent protein (GFP). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000621 laser interference biometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method A method used to measure the anatomical aspects of the eye, including axial length and anterior chamber depth; the device operates as an interferometer and uses infrared laser light to provide repeatable and precise measurements. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000610 isolated body part material fatigue test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000004 isolated body part method A technique performed on an isolated body part consisting of a solid material, for instance a bone, to assign a quantitative or qualitative value for fatigue limit. An isolated body part is a subdivision of the material or physical structure of an organism, such as an organ, extremity or tissue, after it has been removed from the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000609 elevated Y-maze apparatus method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000257 movement/behavior test maze method A method utilizing an experimental apparatus consisting of three arms of equal length in the shape of a Y elevated a set distance above the floor or above the platform on which the apparatus sits, and upon which the test subject can walk; used to study how rodents function with memory and spatial learning; it is also used as a spontaneous alternation task to assess novelty seeking. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000667 high throughput proteomic profiling by tissue array http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000666 high throughput proteomic profiling by array A method which employs a two-dimensionally ordered arrangement of tissues in paraffin blocks to histologically characterize protein expression in those tissues. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000590 parallel rod floor apparatus method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000256 movement/behavior test enclosure method A method used to assess motor coordination and balance whereby a clear acrylic box sits on top of a parallel rod floor made of conductive metal which is slightly above a base metal plate. Foot slips (errors) are recorded when an electrical circuit is completed; used to assess effects of alcohol or other substances; a built-in activity monitor may record distance traveled. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000645 cDNA clone-based transcript expression assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000641 transcript expression assay A method which assesses transcript expression by reverse transcription of purified mRNA into the corresponding complementary DNA (cDNA) before insertion into a vector, allowing synthesis of a large number of copies of the sequence for analysis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000616 electroretinography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method A method in which electrodes are placed on and/or near the eye, a stimulus is applied and the time course of the response is recorded. This test detects function of the retina (the light-detecting portion of the eye). The retina is comprised of layers of specialized cells, including photoreceptors (rods and cones), that detect light and ganglion cells that transmit images to the brain. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000634 inulin analysis by liquid phase colorimetry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000329 liquid phase colorimetry An assay of inulin content in a liquid sample by colorimetry. Inulin clearance can be used to assess glomerular filtration rate. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000685 confocal microscopy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000415 in vivo light microscopy A type of fluorescence microscopy where sharp images are taken by excluding most of the light from the specimen that is not from the microscope's focal plane, thus allowing better contrast and less haze, which makes it possible to build three-dimensional reconstructions of a volume of the specimen by assembling a series of thin slices taken along the vertical axis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000591 activity monitoring apparatus method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000256 movement/behavior test enclosure method A method using an enclosure equipped with infrared beams to monitor and measure movement; the apparatus may contain monitors for oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production as well. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000686 immunofluorescence confocal microscopy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000662 immunofluorescence This technique incorporates use of confocal microscopy and immunohistochemistry to produce magnified images. Immunohistochemistry is the microscopic localization of specific antigens in tissues by staining with antibodies labeled with fluorescent or pigmented material. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000669 western blot assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000642 protein expression assay An assay in which one or more protein samples are size-, structure-, and/or charge-separated by one- or two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, transferred to a membrane and an immunostaining procedure is used to detect and quantify one or more specific proteins in the sample(s). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000717 colorimetric Morgan-Elson assay for hyaluronidase activity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000715 Morgan-Elson assay A colorimetric version of the Morgan-Elson assay for determination of hyaluronidase activity in biological samples. The readout involves a spectrophotometer reading absorbance at 585 nm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000784 automated serum calcium test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000556 automated serum electrolyte analysis This is the automated analysis of total calcium in blood serum, which includes free, ionized calcium and calcium bound to anions and proteins. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000741 Schirmer test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000235 body fluid collection method This test is used to determine if the subject's tear glands produce enough tears to keep the eyes moist. It involves the placement of one end of a calibrated filter strip inside the lower eyelid to collect and measure tear production. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000745 plasma corticosterone analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000744 blood corticosterone analysis A method which measures corticosterone in the plasma. Corticosterone is a corticosteroid produced in the adrenal cortex that acts in the metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins, functioning as both a mineralocorticoid and a glucocorticoid. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000637 micropuncture fluid collection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000235 body fluid collection method An in vivo microsurgical preparation that involves the quantitative collection of tubular fluid from a proximal or distal tubule using a micropipette to accurately puncture the specified structure. Used to study single nephron function. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000699 serum hormone analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000311 blood hormone analysis A method to measure one or more hormones in serum. A hormone is a chemical substance which is produced in one part or organ of the body and initiates or regulates the activity of an organ or a group of cells in another part of the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000700 plasma hormone analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000311 blood hormone analysis A method to measure one or more hormones in plasma. A hormone is a chemical substance which is produced in one part or organ of the body and initiates or regulates the activity of an organ or a group of cells in another part of the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000663 immunoelectron microscopy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000498 immunohistochemistry An assay using electron microscopy to determine the amount, structure and/or localization of specific proteins in cells or tissues by staining with antibodies that have been conjugated with an electron-dense label such as gold. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000615 electroconvulsive threshold test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method A method used to measure thresholds for minimal clonic, maximal clonic, or psychomotor seizures; commonly used in the screening of anti-epileptic drugs in rodent models. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000650 high-throughput transcription profiling by tiling array http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000649 high-throughput transcription profiling by microarray This is any method which assesses the expression of transcripts from a specific, contiguous region of the genome by the use of a tiling microarray. Genomic tiling arrays are high-density microarrays that feature probes designed to cover entire chromosomes or specific genomic regions at regular, high-resolution intervals (10–100 bp). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000602 five-choice serial-reaction time task http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000601 operant conditioning chamber method A method using an operant chamber equipped with five holes, which can illuminate, and a food tray to deliver a reward; used to assess visuospatial attention and impulsivity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000656 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000460 real-time polymerase chain reaction assay A method in which amplification of a specific RNA/cDNA sequence by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction is monitored by detection of fluorescent probes or intercalating dyes that indicate the (absolute or relative) amount of product being produced in real time. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000592 conditioned placed preference test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000256 movement/behavior test enclosure method A method that is a form of Pavlovian conditioning used to measure the motivational effects of objects or experiences on a test subject. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000660 serial analysis of gene expression assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000641 transcript expression assay A method which assesses transcript expression by producing short (~11 nt) sequence tags from an RNA sample, binding them into ditags for PCR amplification, splitting the PCR products into singlets, and concatenating these together, followed by cloning and sequencing the concatemers to quantify the recurrence of individual tags. The tag counts give an indication of the relative expression of the corresponding genes/RNAs. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000611 bone material fatigue test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000396 isolated bone method A method performed on bone to assign a quantitative or qualitative value for fatigue limit. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000597 light-dark box test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000256 movement/behavior test enclosure method A test utilizing an enclosure where typically 2/3 of the apparatus is brightly lit and in the open, and 1/3 is covered and in the dark; used to measure exploratory and anxiety-related behaviors of a test subject. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000601 operant conditioning chamber method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000256 movement/behavior test enclosure method A method to study behavior conditioning by teaching a subject to perform certain tasks (like pressing a lever) in response to certain stimuli (like light or sound); the chamber mechanism delivers a reward in response to a correct response and/or a punishment in response to an incorrect response. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000640 expression assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000639 molecular method Any method which assesses the process by which products are produced from genes, gene fragments, genetic or genomic loci, etc., including measurement of levels, timing, and/or location, or differential quantification of specific products. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000630 blood parathyroid hormone analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000311 blood hormone analysis Any method by which the level, concentration or activity in a sample of blood of parathyroid hormone is measured. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000598 SHIRPA test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000256 movement/behavior test enclosure method The SmithKline Beecham, Harwell, Imperial College, Royal London Hospital, Phenotype Assessment method; a standardized battery of tests to assess muscle, cerebellar, sensory and neuropsychiatric functions in laboratory animals. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000643 in situ expression assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000640 expression assay Any method which assesses an outcome of the process by which products are produced from genes, gene fragments, genetic or genomic loci, etc., including measurement of levels, timing, and/or location, or differential quantification of specific products, when such products are examined in the location (e.g. in a specific tissue, cell or subcellular localization) where the expression occurs. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000622 ex vivo manometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000027 ex vivo method A procedure or technique performed outside the living body by which pressure is assessed via the use of a manometer, a gauge consisting of a U-shaped tube which measures and displays the pressure differential between the two ends of the tube. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000614 taste threshold test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method A method to determine the threshold at which a test subject can detect sweetness, sourness, saltiness or other tastes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000588 balance, coordination or strength assessment method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000254 body movement/behavior method Any method to assess the ability to maintain bodily equilibrium, the ability to control the movements of the parts of the body so they function harmoniously, and/or the ability to produce or resist a physical force. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000676 urine urea analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000147 urine analysis Any assay which measures the amount, level or concentration of urea in urine. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000639 molecular method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000000 measurement method Any method to determine the nature, properties, or composition of a sample at a subcellular, molecular, atomic or subatomic level. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000638 servo-null micropipette transducer method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method A method which utilizes an in vivo microsurgical preparation designed to measure fluid pressures in microscopic structures which can be penetrated by a micropipette. Used to measure hydraulic pressures in glomerular capillaries, kidney tubules, and arterioles. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000648 high-throughput transcription profiling by array http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000641 transcript expression assay A method which assesses transcript expression by the use of an array, an ordered two dimensional collection of specific single-stranded DNA probes (either short oligonucleotides or longer DNA strands) which is hybridized to a labelled cDNA or RNA sample under high-stringency conditions. Detection of the labelled targets gives an indication of the presence and/or amount of that target in the original sample. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000624 tympanometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method A method used to test the condition of the middle ear, including mobility of the tympanic membrane (eardrum) and condition of conduction bones. During the test, a tympanometer is inserted into the ear canal and the instrument causes a series of changes in the pressure in the ear, generates a tone and measures the response of the eardrum at the different pressures. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000662 immunofluorescence http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000498 immunohistochemistry The labeling of antibodies or antigens with fluorescent dyes especially for the purpose of demonstrating the presence of a particular antigen or antibody in a tissue preparation, smear, or other biological sample. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000607 visual water box method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000256 movement/behavior test enclosure method A method used to test visual discrimination, pattern discrimination, and visual acuity in rodents; this test combines the basic principles of a discrimination box and the Morris water maze. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000683 co-immunoprecipitation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000682 immunoprecipitation A type of immunoprecipitation that involves precipitating two or more proteins via binding to an antibody specific to a single protein, followed by protein identification. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000799 blood creatine kinase activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000429 blood enzyme activity assay This is a method which quantifies the enzymatic activity of creatine kinase (CK) in a specified sample of blood. CK catalyses the reversible transfer of phosphate between ATP and various phosphogens such as creatine phosphate. Blood CK level is used as an enzymatic marker for myocardial infarction, rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000850 automated urine urea analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000177 automated urine analysis This is a method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to assess the amount, proportions or properties of urea in urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000734 automated plasma triglyceride analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000234 plasma triglyceride analysis This is a method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure triglyceride in plasma. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000001 electrical potential recording method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method A method using the work per unit charge necessary to move a charge body in an electric field from a reference point to make or calculate the measurement of interest. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000002 transthoracic echocardiography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000337 echocardiography Method of graphically recording position and motion of walls and internal structures of the heart and neighboring tissue through the echo obtained from beams of ultrasonic waves directed through the chest wall. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000003 electrocardiography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000001 electrical potential recording method Any procedure for making graphic records of the variations in electrical potential caused by electrical activity of the heart muscle. Activity is usually detected at the body surface, but may be detected in other ways. ECG is used to study the action of the heart muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000004 isolated body part method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000027 ex vivo method The manner, procedure or technique by which a morphological or physiological state or property in an isolated body part is assessed and a quantitative or qualitative value assigned. An isolated body part is a subdivision of the material or physical structure of an organism, such as an organ, extremity or tissue, after it has been removed from the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000005 post excision weight measurement http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000277 isolated body part size method Any method for measuring the weight of an organ, tissue or other body part after it has been removed from the body. The weight of an object is its heaviness, that is, the force exerted on it by gravitational force which is proportional to its mass. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000006 Shimadzu electronic balance post excision weight measurement http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000005 post excision weight measurement Use of a Shimadzu electronic balance for measuring the weight of an organ, tissue or other body part after it has been removed from the body. The weight of an object is its heaviness, that is, the force exerted on it by gravitational force which is proportional to its mass. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000008 photoplethysmography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000076 plethysmography A technique for assessing blood flow by placing an infrared emitting diode along with a sensor, on the surface of the skin over a blood vessel with the amount of light reflected back to the sensor being inversely proportional to the number of red blood cells flowing through the vessel. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000009 piezoplethysmography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000076 plethysmography A technique that utilizes piezoelectric ceramic crystals with a sensor for assessing blood flow by placing the apparatus on the skin above a blood vessel. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000011 vascular indwelling catheter method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method A thin tube communicating to the body surface, inserted into the vascular system and positioned to permit measurements of blood flow, pressure or blood sampling over a period of time. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000012 vascular balloon tipped catheter http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000013 vascular fluid filled catheter A catheter whose tip is provided with an inflatable balloon that holds the catheter in place or is used to dilate the lumen of a vessel. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000013 vascular fluid filled catheter http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000011 vascular indwelling catheter method An intravascular catheter connected by a fluid-filled tube to an external pressure transducer, often used to measure intravascular pressure. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000015 radiotelemetry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method A method in which a measurement is made at a distance from the organism or part of the organism with the measurable evidence being transmitted by radio signals from the organism to the recording apparatus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000017 whole body digital scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000217 scale A digital scale which is appropriate for use in weighing the entire body of an animal or a human. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000018 fluoroimmunoassay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000713 enzyme immunoassay A method for quantitative determination of chemical substances using a fluorochrome-labeled antibody or antigen. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000019 magnetic resonance imaging http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000709 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy A method of visualizing soft tissues of the body by applying an external magnetic field that makes it possible to distinguish between hydrogen atoms in different environments. MRI is a medical application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000021 laser Doppler flowmetry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000317 flowmetry A method to measure the rate of flow of liquids or gases using a laser beam in which the light is shifted by moving objects in the fluid in accordance with the Doppler effect and the scattered light is detected with a photodetector. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000023 electroencephalography (EEG) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000001 electrical potential recording method A procedure that measures electrical potentials on the scalp generating a record of the electrical activity of the brain. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000024 ultrasound method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method A technique which uses the visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the reflections of pulses of ultrasonic waves directed into the tissues. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000025 ultrasonic flowmeter with doppler http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000228 ultrasonic flowmeter An ultrasound in which shifts in frequency between emitted ultrasonic waves and their echoes are used to measure the velocities of moving objects, primarily blood flow within vessels. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000000 measurement method A procedure or technique performed in or on a living body, for example, a procedure performed on an organ in situ or on the entire living organism, by which a morphological or physiological state or property of that body or body part is assessed and a quantitative or qualitative value assigned. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000027 ex vivo method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000000 measurement method A procedure or technique performed outside the living body by which a morphological or physiological state or property in a single sample or a group of samples is assessed and a quantitative or qualitative value assigned. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000028 isolated perfused heart method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000082 isolated organ perfusion method In this method, the aorta is cannulated and the heart is perfused in a retrograde fashion. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000030 ex vivo blood analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000371 ex vivo biological fluid analysis Determination of the component parts or elements of blood and their quantity or quality after the blood has been removed from the body. Blood is the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins carrying nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues and metabolites away from them. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000033 arterial puncture http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000097 blood draw method Extraction of blood from an artery using a needle. In human the brachial and radial arteries are most commonly used. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000034 digital rectal thermometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000193 in vivo thermometry A method which uses a digital thermometer, an instrument with a defined scale for determining temperature which presents its measurements in the form of discrete numeric symbols, inserted into the rectum of an organism, that is, the terminal portion of the large intestine, to measure body temperature. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000036 automated blood gas analysis using a Bayer analyzer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000175 automated blood gas analysis Method for assessing the levels of dissolved gases in blood samples using a Bayer automated gas analyzer, a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000037 automated blood electrolyte analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000179 automated blood analysis Automated analysis of one or more electrolytes, substances which dissociate into ions, in the blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000038 blood lipid analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000030 ex vivo blood analysis A method to determine the level of one or more lipids, water insoluble fats and fat-like substances, in blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000039 flame atomic emission spectrometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000230 atomic emission spectrometry A form of atomic spectroscopy in which one observes the emission of light at discrete wavelengths by atoms which have been electronically excited by collisions with other atoms and molecules in a gas or sprayed solution heated in a flame, such as an air/acetylene flame (~2300 degrees C). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000040 dynamometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method A method to measure the degree of force used in the contraction of a group of muscles. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000041 12 lead electrocardiography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000003 electrocardiography Non-invasive procedure for making graphic records of the variations in electrical potential caused by electrical activity of the heart using 3 bipolar limb leads, 3 augmented unipolar limb leads and 6 standard precordial leads. Primarily used with humans. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000043 oscillometric sphygmomanometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000201 sphygmomanometry A method for recording the movements, form and force of the arterial pulse in which the disappearance and reappearance of the pulse are indicated by an oscillating needle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000052 tail cuff photoplethysmography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000031 tail cuff plethysmography A technique for assessing blood flow by placing a diode that is part of a cuff that is placed on the skin over a blood vessel in the tail of a vertebrate with the amount of light reflected back to the sensor being inversely proportional to the number of red blood cells flowing through the vessel. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000053 tail cuff piezoplethysmography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000031 tail cuff plethysmography A technique using piezoelectric crystals with a sensor to assess blood flow by placing it above a blood vessel in the tail of a vertebrate. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000055 auscultatory sphygmomanometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000201 sphygmomanometry An instrument for indirect measurement of blood pressure consisting of an inflatable cuff that fits around a limb or tail and a bulb for controlling air pressure within the cuff and a mercury or aneroid manometer with assessment based on sounds heard through a stethoscope. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000070 intra-aortic abdominal radiotelemetry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000577 intra-aortic radiotelemetry A method which utilizes a measurement device implanted in the abdominal aorta which transmits radio signals to a recording device. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000071 tonometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method Method to measure tension or pressure, often for intraocular pressure. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000072 bioimpedance method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method Method which measures the opposition to the flow of an electrical current through a segment of tissue. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000073 radioimmunoassay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000237 radioactivity measurement method An assay that uses competition between radiolabeled and unlabeled substances in an antigen-antibody reaction to determine concentrations of a specific substance. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000074 thoracic electrical bioimpedance (TEB) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000076 plethysmography Method which measures the electrical resistance of the thorax to a high frequency, very low magnitude current. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000075 enzyme linked immunosorbent assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000713 enzyme immunoassay An enzyme immunoassay using enzyme labeled immunoreactant (antigen or antibody) and an immunosorbent (antigen or antibody) bound to a solid support. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000076 plethysmography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method A method for measuring and recording changes in the size and volume of organs and parts of the body by measuring changes in their blood volume or air volume. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000077 applanation tonometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000071 tonometry Method that infers intraocular pressure from force needed to flatten a constant area. In opthamology it measures the pressure from force needed to flatten an area of the cornea. In cardiac studies, it measures the changes in the elasticity of arteries. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000078 dynamic contour tonometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000071 tonometry A method that uses the principle of contour matching. In opthamology, miniature pressure sensor inside a tonometer tip which rests on the cornea with a constant force. Also used to measure variation in pressure during the cardiac cycle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000079 impression tonometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000071 tonometry Measures the depth of the impression produced by a small plunger carrying a known weight. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000080 skin fold caliper method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000159 in vivo caliper method A fold of skin is pinched raising a double layer of skin and the underlying adipose tissue with a caliper or compass with curved legs applied at right angles to the pinch for a measurement of thickness. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000081 refractometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000027 ex vivo method Method in which the composition or purity of a solution or other substance (gas, liquid or solid) is measured by computing the refractive index, the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum relative to that speed through a given medium. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000083 isolated perfused lung method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000082 isolated organ perfusion method The lung is placed in an artificial thoracic chamber and ventilated at negative pressure. It is connected through a tracheal cannula to a pneumotachometer for measurement of respiratory flow. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000088 digital column scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000017 whole body digital scale A digital scale, that is, one which uses one or more load cells with a strain gauge to quantify the weight or mass of the object being measured, made up of a platform at floor level with an electronic display mounted on a column or pedestal. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000090 venipuncture http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000097 blood draw method Extraction of blood from a vein using a needle. In human, the basilic, cephalic and median cubital veins are most commonly used as well as the femoral vein. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000091 hydrostatic weighing method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000016 body weighing method A method in which the subject's weight is measured in air and underwater to determine density of the body and from that calculate percentage body fat. In general the subject sits in a specialized weighing chair and is lowered into a tank of water after expelling all air from the lungs and once all body parts are submerged, the weight is taken. The general formula is the density of the body divided by the density of the water is equal to the weight of the body in air divided by the weight of the body in air minus the weight of the immersed body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000092 ultrasonic flowmeter with pulsed wave doppler http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000025 ultrasonic flowmeter with doppler Doppler ultrasonography in which a single trnasducer alternately transmits and records ultrasonic waves, primarily used to assess blood flow within vessels. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000093 skin puncture http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000097 blood draw method Extraction of blood from skin. In human, fingertips, earlobes and heels are common sites. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000094 spirometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method Use of a precision differential pressure transducer for measuring the volume of air inspired and expired by the lungs. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000095 hand dynamometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000040 dynamometry A method to measure the degree of force used in the contraction of the muscles of the hand, the distal part of the upper limb, consisting of the carpus, metacarpus, and fingers. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000096 stationary bicycle dynamometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000040 dynamometry Method which employs a fixed cycling machine (that is, an apparatus having a seat, handlebars, and pedals but which does not move from place to place) to estimate the exercise intensity, work or power output of the participant using the device's revolutions per minute and resistance to pedalling, which can be adjusted to vary the intensity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000097 blood draw method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000235 body fluid collection method Method for withdrawing blood from an organism. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000098 immunoassay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000027 ex vivo method A method for quantitative determination of chemical substances using specific binding between antigen or hapten and homologous antibodies. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000099 thrombelastometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000030 ex vivo blood analysis Method in which a pin is suspended in a blood sample and oscillates, creating a signal transmitted through an optical detector system which graphs changes in elasticity during the development and resolution of a blood clot. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000100 gel electrophoresis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000287 electrophoresis Separation of ionic solutes based on differences in rate of migration in an applied electric field using a semisolid colloid such as agarose or acrylamide as the support medium. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000104 digital stadiometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000089 height scale A device for measuring height with a digital readout. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000105 mechanical stadiometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000089 height scale A device for measuring height consisting of a vertical ruler with sliding horizontal rod. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000106 ultrasonic flowmeter with continuous wave doppler http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000025 ultrasonic flowmeter with doppler Doppler ultrasonography using two transducers, with one continually transmitting and the other continually recording the ultrasonic waves, primarily used to assess blood flow within vessels. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000108 transesophageal echocardiography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000337 echocardiography Echocardiography in which an ultrasound transducer attached to a fiberoptic endoscope is inserted into the esophagus to provide two dimensional images of the heart. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000109 ex vivo microscopy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000027 ex vivo method Examination or observation of material performed outside the living body using a microscope, an instrument used to obtain an enlarged image of small objects and reveal details of structure not otherwise distinguishable. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000110 ex vivo electron microscopy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000109 ex vivo microscopy Examination or observation of material performed outside the living body through a microscope using beams of electrons, negatively charged elementary particles, to produce magnified images. A microscope is an instrument used to obtain an enlarged image of small objects and reveal details of structure not otherwise distinguishable. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000111 ex vivo light microscopy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000109 ex vivo microscopy Examination or observation of material performed outside the living body through a light microscope, an optical instrument that uses visible light (electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between approximately 390 and 700 nm) processed through a lens or a combination of lenses to produce magnified images. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000112 blood glucose analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000705 blood carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivative analysis A method to determine the level of glucose, the end product of carbohydrate metabolism, in the blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000113 oral glucose tolerance test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000204 glucose tolerance analysis A test in which glucose is given orally, often in solution, and blood samples taken afterward at specific time interval(s) to determine how quickly it is cleared from the blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000114 isolated perfused heart effluent collection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000028 isolated perfused heart method Collection of the fluid flowing out of the heart during the Langendorff isolated perfused heart method. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000115 random blood glucose test (RBG) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000112 blood glucose analysis Measures blood glucose level one or more times a day regardless of food intake. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000118 Harpenden skin fold caliper http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000191 dial skin fold caliper method A caliper with a dial gauge for measuring skin folds or girth measurements of small joints manufactured by Baty. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000119 body measuring method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method A procedure to measure a morphological parameter of all or part of the body of an organism. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000120 anthropometric tape http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000119 body measuring method A tape of cloth, paper, metal or other materials marked off in a linear scale for taking measurements. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000122 Lange skin fold caliper http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000191 dial skin fold caliper method A caliper with a dial for measuring the thickness of skin folds, manufactured by Beta. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000123 Lafayette small anthropometer method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000119 body measuring method A body measuring method which employs a Lafayette small anthropometer, an instrument for measuring dimensions of a body often consisting of a calibrated, vertical rod to which one fixed and one movable horizontal arms are attached. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000124 in vivo radiography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method Using X-rays or gamma rays to create records of the internal structures of a living body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000125 serial radiography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000124 in vivo radiography Radiographic method involving multiple records of selected area at intervals. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000126 electron radiography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000124 in vivo radiography Technique in which a latent electron image is produce on clear plastic by passing X-ray photons through a gas with a high atomic number. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000127 tomography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000124 in vivo radiography Recording of internal body images at a predetermined plane using an apparatus for moving an X-ray source in one direction as the film is moved in the opposite direction. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000128 computed tomography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000127 tomography Tomography, that is, method that produces images of single tissue planes, in which the emergent X-ray beam is measured by a scintillation counter and the electronic impulses are recorded on a magnetic disk and processed by a mini-computer for reconstruction display of the body in cross-section on a cathode ray tube. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000129 positron emission tomography (PET) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000127 tomography Detection of gamma rays emitted from tissues after administration of natural biochemical substance into which positron emitting isotopes have been incorporated. The paths of the gamma rays resulting from collision of positrons and electrons are interpreted by a computer to form a representation of local concentrations of the isotope-containing substance. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000130 air displacement plethysmography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000076 plethysmography A method for measuring body composition/density, for instance using a fiberglass chamber incorporating an electronic scale and air volume measurement device to record air volume when the chamber is empty and when an individual is inside. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000132 serum total cholesterol measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000280 blood total cholesterol measurement test A test which determines total amount of cholesterol carried in high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) molecules in a volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000133 serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000278 blood high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol measurement test A test which determines the amount of cholesterol carried in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles in a sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000134 serum low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000279 blood low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol measurement test A test which determines the amount of cholesterol carried in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles in serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000135 serum very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000281 blood very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol measurement test A test which determines the amount of cholesterol carried in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000136 serum triglyceride analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000233 blood triglyceride analysis A laboratory test which measures the level of triglyceride, the naturally occurring ester of three fatty acids and glycerol that is the chief constituent of fat, in serum. Serum is the clear liquid that separates from blood when it is allowed to clot completely, and is therefore blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed during clotting. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000137 automated serum ionized calcium test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000784 automated serum calcium test Automated determination of the level of ionized (free) calcium in serum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000138 automated serum non-ionized calcium test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000784 automated serum calcium test This is the automated analysis of calcium in blood serum that is bound to anions and proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000141 automated serum potassium test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000556 automated serum electrolyte analysis Automated analysis to determine the level of potassium ions in serum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000142 automated serum sodium test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000556 automated serum electrolyte analysis Automated analysis to determine the level of sodium ions in serum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000146 automated blood cell counting method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000445 blood cell counting method Use of an automated analyzer for the examination of one or more of the cell types in blood to determine quantitative properties. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000147 urine analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000371 ex vivo biological fluid analysis Any method to determine the nature, properties, or composition of urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys, including measurement of the volume of urine or of the quantity or quality of component parts of urine. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000148 manually read urine amylase test strip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000181 manually read urine test strip A reagent test strip which measures the quantity of amylase, an enzyme produced primarily in the pancreas, in urine and visually matched against a score chart. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000149 manually read urine cortisol test strip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000181 manually read urine test strip A reagent test strip which measures the amount of cortisol, the major natural glucocorticoid synthesized in the adrenal cortex, in urine and visually matched against a score chart. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000150 manually read urine glucose test strip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000181 manually read urine test strip A reagent strip that measures the amount of glucose in urine and visually matched against a score chart. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000151 manually read urine microalbumin test strip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000336 urine microalbumin analysis A solid phase colorimetric assay to detect very low levels of albumin, the major blood plasma protein which is responsible for much of the plasma colloidal osmotic pressure and serves as a transport protein for large organic anions such as fatty acids and bilirubin, in a specified sample of urine, in which a strip of paper, or of plastic with one or more attached pads of paper, impregnated with a reagent that reacts with albumin is dipped into the urine sample, allowed to react for a specified period of time and then the results are assessed by a visual comparison with a standard chromatic/color scale. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000153 manually read urine potassium test strip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000463 urine potassium test strip A solid phase colorimetric assay utilizing a strip of paper, or of plastic with one or more attached pads of paper, impregnated with a reagent that specifically reacts with potassium ions. The strip is dipped into the urine sample, allowed to react for a specified period of time and the results assessed by a visual comparison with a standard chromatic/color scale. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000154 manually read urine sodium test strip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000464 urine sodium test strip A solid phase colorimetric assay utilizing a strip of paper, or of plastic with one or more attached pads of paper, impregnated with a reagent that specifically reacts with sodium ions. The strip is dipped into the urine sample, allowed to react for a specified period of time and the results assessed by a visual comparison with a standard chromatic/color scale. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000156 manually read urine uric acid test strip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000181 manually read urine test strip A reagent strip that measures the amount of uric acid, the end product of purine catabolism, in urine and visually matched against a score chart. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000157 digital scale post excision weight measurement http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000005 post excision weight measurement Use of a digital scale--i.e. one using alphanumeric characters as opposed to the relative position of needles or 'hands' (as with a clock) against a background scale to display data--for measuring the weight of an organ, tissue or other body part after it has been removed from the body. The weight of an object is its heaviness, that is, the force exerted on it by gravitational force which is proportional to its mass. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000159 in vivo caliper method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000492 in vivo linear measurement method A procedure or technique performed in or on a living body, for example, a procedure performed on an organ in situ or on the entire living organism, to measure the thickness or diameter of a solid using a compass with bent or curved legs or a device comprised of a calibrated scale with a fixed jaw, and another jaw, with a pointer, that slides along the scale from which the distance between the two pieces can be read. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000160 unspecified method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000000 measurement method Method was not specified in source of data. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000161 isolated tissue method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000004 isolated body part method Any method which a measurement is made of a morphological or physiological characteristic of a tissue, that is, an aggregation of similarly specialized cells united in the performance of a particular function, after that tissue has been removed from the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000162 ex vivo visual assessment http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000027 ex vivo method A procedure or technique performed on a tissue or body part outside of or away from the living organism but while the tissue itself remains viable, by which a morphological or physiological state or property of that tissue or body part is evaluated, appraised or perceived through the sense of sight, rather than through the use of instruments or machines to make measurements. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000163 in vivo visual assessment http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method A procedure or technique performed in or on a living body, for example, a procedure performed on an organ in situ or on the entire living organism, by which a morphological or physiological state or property of that body or body part is evaluated, appraised or perceived through the sense of sight, rather than through the use of instruments or machines to make measurements. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000164 intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000204 glucose tolerance analysis A test in which glucose is injected into the peritoneal cavity and blood samples taken afterward at specified interval(s) to determine how quickly it is cleared from the blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000165 blood glucose test strip read by electrochemical glucometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000190 machine read blood glucose test strip This is an automated device that calculates glucose levels in blood from a very small sample (~1 ul) on an electrochemical test strip. The glucose-derived electrons from the sample are routed directly through the external meter and counted so a glucose level may be automatically calculated. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000166 blood protein analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000030 ex vivo blood analysis A method to determine the level of one or more proteins, Any of a group of complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages, in blood, the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins carrying nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues and metabolites away from them. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000167 blood lipoprotein analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000166 blood protein analysis A test which measures one or more properties such as the amount, composition, etc of lipoprotein or a component of lipoprotein in blood. A lipoprotein is any of a group of conjugated proteins that have at least one lipid component and are the principal means by which lipids are transported in the blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000168 automated blood creatinine analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000270 blood creatinine analysis Method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the level of creatinine, the catabolic product of creatine, in blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000169 standard blood chemistry panel http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000030 ex vivo blood analysis A standardized group of blood tests which are routinely performed to determine the general health of a patient or test subject. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000170 osmometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000027 ex vivo method Method for measuring the osmolality or concentration of particles in a solution. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000171 urine test strip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000328 solid phase colorimetry A solid phase colorimetric assay utilizing a strip of paper, or of plastic with one or more attached pads of paper, impregnated with a reagent that reacts with an element or compound is dipped into the urine sample, allowed to react for a specified period of time and the results then assessed by a visual comparison with a standard chromatic/color scale or by an automated analyzer. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000172 spectrometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000027 ex vivo method A method in which an emission (as of particles or radiation) is dispersed according to some property (as mass or energy) of the emission and the amount of dispersion is measured. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000173 spectrophotometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000172 spectrometry A method to evaluate a chemical substance for a molecule of interest, based on the molecule's ability to alter the transmittance or reflectance of solutions, transparent or opaque solids, such as polished glass, or gases. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000174 automated hematology analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000179 automated blood analysis An automated device used to analyze the physical or chemical characteristics of a sample of blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000175 automated blood gas analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000179 automated blood analysis Analysis using an automated device for measuring levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen in blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000176 manually read blood glucose test strip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000189 blood glucose test strip A test strip or dipstick which contains a reagent that reacts with glucose in blood and which is manually read. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000177 automated urine analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000147 urine analysis Use of an automated device for measuring the physical and chemical characteristics of urine. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000178 automated coagulometer method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000174 automated hematology analysis An automated method using a device that measures the ability of blood to clot by performing any of several tests. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000179 automated blood analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000030 ex vivo blood analysis Method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the physical or chemical characteristics of blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000180 machine read urine test strip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000171 urine test strip A solid phase colorimetric assay utilizing a strip of paper, or of plastic with one or more attached pads of paper, impregnated with a reagent that reacts with an element or compound is dipped into the urine sample, allowed to react for a specified period of time and the results then assessed by an automated analyzer. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000181 manually read urine test strip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000171 urine test strip A solid phase colorimetric assay utilizing a strip of paper, or of plastic with one or more attached pads of paper, impregnated with a reagent that reacts with an element or compound is dipped into the urine sample, allowed to react for a specified period of time and the results then assessed by a visual comparison with a standard chromatic/color scale. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000185 machine read urine microalbumin test strip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000336 urine microalbumin analysis A solid phase colorimetric assay to detect very low levels of albumin, the major blood plasma protein which is responsible for much of the plasma colloidal osmotic pressure and serves as a transport protein for large organic anions such as fatty acids and bilirubin, in a specified sample of urine, in which a strip of paper, or of plastic with one or more attached pads of paper, impregnated with a reagent that reacts with albumin is dipped into the urine sample, allowed to react for a specified period of time and then the results are assessed by an automated analyzer. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000186 machine read urine sodium test strip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000464 urine sodium test strip A solid phase colorimetric assay utilizing a strip of paper, or of plastic with one or more attached pads of paper, impregnated with a reagent that specifically reacts with sodium ions. The strip is dipped into the urine sample, allowed to react for a specified period of time and the results assessed by an automated analyzer, that is, a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000187 machine read urine potassium test strip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000463 urine potassium test strip A solid phase colorimetric assay utilizing a strip of paper, or of plastic with one or more attached pads of paper, impregnated with a reagent that specifically reacts with potassium ions. The strip is dipped into the urine sample, allowed to react for a specified period of time and the results assessed by an automated analyzer, that is, a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000189 blood glucose test strip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000112 blood glucose analysis A test strip or dipstick containing a reagent which reacts with glucose in blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000190 machine read blood glucose test strip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000189 blood glucose test strip A strip or dipstick containing a reagent which reacts with glucose in blood and is read by an automated analyzer. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000191 dial skin fold caliper method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000080 skin fold caliper method Method to measure thickness, for example, of a fold of skin, using a caliper with dial and arrow that points to the reading. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000192 digital skin fold caliper method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000080 skin fold caliper method A caliper for measuring skin fold thickness with a digital readout and computation of percent body fat. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000193 in vivo thermometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method A method performed on a living organism using an instrument with a defined scale for determining temperature, that is, the degree of heat or cold, of an object or individual or a portion of an individual's body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000194 manual rectal thermometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000193 in vivo thermometry A method which uses a manual thermometer, an instrument with a defined scale for determining temperature usually consisting of a tube containing a temperature-responsive substance such as mercury or alcohol the results of which are assessed by a person without the assistance of automated instrumentation, inserted into the rectum of an organism, that is, the terminal portion of the large intestine, to measure body temperature. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000195 manual oral thermometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000193 in vivo thermometry A method which uses a manual thermometer, an instrument with a defined scale for determining temperature usually consisting of a tube containing a temperature-responsive substance such as mercury or alcohol the results of which are assessed by a person without the assistance of automated instrumentation, placed in the mouth of an organism, most commonly under the tongue, to measure body temperature. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000196 digital oral thermometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000193 in vivo thermometry A method which uses a digital thermometer, an instrument with a defined scale for determining temperature which presents its measurements in the form of discrete numeric symbols, placed in the mouth of an organism, most commonly under the tongue, to measure body temperature. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000198 doppler ultrasound http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000024 ultrasound method Technique using visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the reflections of pulses of ultrasonic waves directed into the tissues. It uses the shifts in frequency between emitted ultrasonic waves and their echoes to measure the velocities of moving objects. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000199 continuous wave doppler ultrasound http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000198 doppler ultrasound Doppler ultrasonography using two transducers, with one continuously transmitting and the other continuously recording the ultrasonic waves. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000200 pulsed wave doppler ultrasound http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000198 doppler ultrasound Doppler ultrasonography in which a single transducer alternately transmits and records ultrasonic waves. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000201 sphygmomanometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method A method which employs a pressure meter to measure blood pressure. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000202 encephalography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000124 in vivo radiography Radiography demonstrating the intracranial fluid-containing spaces after the withdrawal of cerebrospinal fluid and the introduction of air or other gas. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000204 glucose tolerance analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000112 blood glucose analysis A test in which glucose is given and blood samples taken afterward at specific time interval(s) to determine how quickly it is cleared from the blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000206 tissue force analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000161 isolated tissue method Method involving the use of an instrument which measures the energy applied by a tissue so that it initiates motion, changes the speed or direction of motion, alters the size or shape of an object, or produces an elastic strain on a system, after that tissue has been removed from the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000207 tissue force analysis utilizing a force transducer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000206 tissue force analysis Method involving the use of an instrument which measures the energy applied by a tissue so that it initiates motion, changes the speed or direction of motion, alters the size or shape of an object, or produces an elastic strain on a system, when such a measurement is made on a tissue which has been removed from the body and involves the conversion of that energy into another form, such as an electrical signal, to be recorded. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000209 body length measuring method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000119 body measuring method A procedure to measure the full length of the intact body of an organism, that is, the extent of the body along its greatest dimension. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000210 in vivo measuring stick method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000492 in vivo linear measurement method An experimental procedure performed in or on a living body, for example, a procedure performed on an organ in situ or on the entire living organism, which employs a measuring instrument having a sequence of marks at regular intervals; used as a reference in making measurements of length. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000211 in vivo ruler method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000210 in vivo measuring stick method An experimental procedure performed in or on a living body, for example, a procedure performed on an organ in situ or on the entire living organism, which employs a strip of wood, metal, or other material, having straight edges and graduated, for example in millimetres or inches, used for measuring lengths. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000212 ex vivo volume measurement method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000027 ex vivo method Any instrument, procedure, or technique by which the size of the three dimensional space occupied by a substance or other entity distinct from or removed from an organism, is ascertained. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000213 graduated cylinder http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000212 ex vivo volume measurement method A tall narrow container with a volume scale used especially for measuring liquids. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000214 hematocrit analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000030 ex vivo blood analysis Any method for measuring the percentage of whole blood volume occupied by red blood cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000215 microhematocrit tube assay with visual assessment http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000214 hematocrit analysis Whole blood is collected in a microhematocrit tube and the height of the red blood cell column is measured after centrifugation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000216 blood free fatty acid analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000038 blood lipid analysis A laboratory test which measures the level of free fatty acids in blood. Free fatty acids are nonesterified organic acids consisting of a long hydrocarbon chain ending in a carboxyl group, released by the hydrolysis of triglycerides within adipose tissue. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000217 scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000016 body weighing method An instrument or machine for weighing. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000218 baby weighing scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000217 scale An instrument or machine for weighing which is specifically of a type used for weighing infants. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000219 ex vivo microscopy with digital image analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000109 ex vivo microscopy Any method performed outside the living body which incorporates use of microscopy followed by use of computer software to analyze the resulting microscopic images. Microscopy is examination or observation of material using an instrument that employs a lens or a combination of lenses to produce magnified images. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000220 ex vivo light microscopy with digital image analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000219 ex vivo microscopy with digital image analysis A method performed outside the living body which incorporates use of light microscopy to produce picture files stored as data expressed in a discrete numerical form, followed by use of computer software to evaluate these resulting microscopic images. Light microscopy is the examination or observation of material through a light microscope, an optical instrument that uses visible light (electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between approximately 390 and 700 nm) processed through a lens or a combination of lenses to produce magnified images. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000221 ex vivo electron microscopy with digital image analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000219 ex vivo microscopy with digital image analysis A method which incorporates use of electron microscopy, that is, examination or observation of material performed outside the living body through a microscope using beams of electrons, negatively charged elementary particles, to produce magnified images, followed by use of computer software to analyze the resulting microscopic images. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000222 isolated cell method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000027 ex vivo method Any method which is performed on cells which have been isolated from a tissue of an organism and/or cultured in vitro. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000223 isolated cell volume measurement method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000222 isolated cell method Any method by which the volume of the cells isolated from a tissue of an organism and/or cultured in vitro are measured. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000224 isolated cell counting method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000222 isolated cell method Any method by which the number of cells isolated from a tissue of an organism and/or cultured in vitro in a sample are determined. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000225 automated cell/particle size/count analysis method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000224 isolated cell counting method A method which utilizes a laboratory instrument that determines the size and/or number of cells or particles in a sample in an automated fashion, that is, following a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000226 Coulter Multisizer automated cell/particle size/count analysis method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000227 Coulter counter cell/particle size/count analysis method A method that utilizes a laboratory instrument produced by Beckman Coulter, Incorporated which measures the size (i.e. volume and surface area) and/or number of cells or particles in a sample in an automated fashion. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000227 Coulter counter cell/particle size/count analysis method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000225 automated cell/particle size/count analysis method A method that utilizes a laboratory instrument designed to count the number and/or assess the size of small particles (e.g. biological cells) in a given volume of a suspension by monitoring the decreases in electrical conductivity through a small orifice caused by the particles passing through the orifice. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000228 ultrasonic flowmeter http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000024 ultrasound method Method which incorporates use of a device which measures the flow velocity of a fluid or gas by measuring the difference of the transit time of ultrasonic pulses propagating in and against flow direction. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000229 atomic spectrometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000172 spectrometry A method for measuring the atomic composition of a solution or solid substance by converting it to a vapor state and measuring either the emission or absorption of electromagnetic radiation by the component atoms. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000230 atomic emission spectrometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000229 atomic spectrometry A form of atomic spectroscopy in which one observes the emission of light at discrete wavelengths by atoms which have been electronically excited by collisions with other atoms and molecules in a hot gas. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000231 inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000230 atomic emission spectrometry A type of atomic spectroscopy in which the light emitted by atoms and ions in an inductively coupled plasma is observed. An inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is a type of plasma source in which the energy is supplied by electrical currents which are produced by electromagnetic induction, that is, by time-varying magnetic fields. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000232 atomic absorption spectrometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000229 atomic spectrometry A spectroanalytical procedure for the quantitative determination of chemical elements employing the absorption of optical radiation (light) by free atoms in the gaseous state. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000233 blood triglyceride analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000038 blood lipid analysis A laboratory test which measures the level of triglyceride, the naturally occurring ester of three fatty acids and glycerol that is the chief constituent of fat, in whole blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000234 plasma triglyceride analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000233 blood triglyceride analysis A laboratory test which measures the level of triglyceride, the naturally occurring ester of three fatty acids and glycerol that is the chief constituent of fat, in plasma. Plasma is the fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended, or from which the particulate components have been removed by centrifugation or settling without clotting. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000235 body fluid collection method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method Any method by which a bodily fluid such as blood, lymph, urine, etc. is collected. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000236 ureter indwelling catheter method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000235 body fluid collection method Method in which a hollow, flexible tube is inserted into the ureter, the duct that conveys urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder, and urine is collected. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000237 radioactivity measurement method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000027 ex vivo method Any method which measures the level or type of energy emitted by an isotope having an unstable nucleus and emitting characteristic radiation during its decay to a stable form. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000238 liquid scintillation counting http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000237 radioactivity measurement method A method for measuring radiation emitted from radioactive isotopes suspended in a solvent containing a fluor or scintillant which converts the isotope's emissions into pulses of light which are in turn detected by a photomultiplier. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000239 cell-based biologic assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000222 isolated cell method Any method to determine one or more biologic factors, i.e., variables that influence the viability and/or functioning of living cells or tissues, in isolated cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000241 lipolysis assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000239 cell-based biologic assay An assay which measures the amount of hydrolysis of fat and/or lipids in isolated cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000242 radioactive glucose uptake assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000240 glucose uptake assay An assay which measures the active transport of radioactively labeled glucose into isolated cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000243 radioactive glucose uptake assay with liquid scintillation counting http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000242 radioactive glucose uptake assay An assay which measures the active transport of radioactively labeled glucose into isolated cells in which the incorporated glucose is measured by counting all or a portion of the sample in a liquid scintillation counter. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000244 fluorescent glucose uptake assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000240 glucose uptake assay An assay which measures the active transport of fluorescently labeled glucose into isolated cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000245 lipolysis assay measuring glycerol release http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000241 lipolysis assay Assay which measures release of glycerol, the trihydroxy sugar alcohol that is the backbone of many lipids, from isolated cells such as adipocytes to quantifiy the hydrolysis of fat and/or lipids in the cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000246 lipolysis assay measuring free fatty acid release http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000241 lipolysis assay Assay which measures release of free fatty acids from isolated cells such as adipocytes to quantifiy the hydrolysis of fat and/or lipids in the cells. Free fatty acids are non-esterified fatty acids released by the hydrolysis of triglycerides within adipose tissue, which can be used as an immediate source of energy by many organs and can be converted by the liver into ketone bodies. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000247 fluorometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000173 spectrophotometry An analytical technique for identifying and characterizing minute amounts of a substance by excitation of the substance with a beam of ultraviolet light and detection and measurement of the characteristic wavelength of fluorescent light emitted. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000248 aggregometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000030 ex vivo blood analysis Any method used to measure the ability of whole blood or blood platelets to aggregate, coagulate or clot. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000249 light transmission aggregometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000248 aggregometry Method which uses changes in the transmission of light through blood or platelet rich plasma during aggregation to assess the ability of the platelets in the sample to aggregate, coagulate or clot in response to an agonist. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000250 intracellular calcium assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000239 cell-based biologic assay Method to determine the level or concentration of calcium inside isolated cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000251 fluorescent intracellular calcium assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000250 intracellular calcium assay Method which employs a fluorescent dye to assess the level or concentration inside isolated cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000252 Fura-2 intracellular calcium assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000251 fluorescent intracellular calcium assay Method which employs Fura-2 or a related compound such as Fura 2-AM, its membrane-permeable derivative, to measure the amount or concentration of calcium inside isolated cells. Output is determined by fluorometry. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000253 blood urea nitrogen analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000030 ex vivo blood analysis A test which measures the amount of nitrogen present in the blood in the form of urea, the chief nitrogenous end product of protein metabolism. Urea is formed in the liver from amino acids and from ammonia compounds and is found in urine, blood, and lymph. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000254 body movement/behavior method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method Any method which can be used to measure movement of all or part of the body of an organism, including those categorized or interpreted as behavior. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000255 movement measuring method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000254 body movement/behavior method This is a method utilizing a piece of physical instrumentation, machinery or equipment designed and used to measure the movements of an organism. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000256 movement/behavior test enclosure method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000255 movement measuring method A test utilizing an experimental instrument composed of a demarcated area used to measure and/or record movement or behavior of an organism. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000257 movement/behavior test maze method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000255 movement measuring method A method that utilizes an experimental apparatus made up of multiple components which requires that an experimental subject makes a choice or a series of choices and/or learn a specific solution to a problem. Used to test movement or behavior of an organism. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000258 open field apparatus method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000256 movement/behavior test enclosure method A test utilizing an enclosure consisting of a single area bordered by clear or opaque walls, used to measure movement, exploratory behavior, etc of an experimental subject. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000259 center of open field apparatus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000258 open field apparatus method The open center area of an open field apparatus, an enclosure consisting of a single area bordered by clear or opaque walls, used to measure movement, exploratory behavior, etc of an experimental subject. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000260 periphery of open field apparatus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000258 open field apparatus method Any part of the area immediately adjacent to the walls of an open field apparatus, an enclosure consisting of a single area bordered by clear or opaque walls, used to measure movement, exploratory behavior, etc of an experimental subject. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000261 corner of open field apparatus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000258 open field apparatus method The area immediately adjacent to the junction of two walls in a square or rectangular open field apparatus, an enclosure consisting of a single area bordered by clear or opaque walls, used to measure movement, exploratory behavior, etc of an experimental subject. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000262 elevated plus maze apparatus method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000257 movement/behavior test maze method A method which utilizes an experimental apparatus consisting of four arms, usually two enclosed and two open, in the shape of a plus (+) upon which the test animal can walk. The maze is elevated a set distance, for example 40 to 60 centimeters, above the floor or platform upon which the apparatus sits. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000263 center of elevated plus maze apparatus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000262 elevated plus maze apparatus method The area in an elevated plus maze apparatus where the four arms meet. An elevated plus maze is an experimental apparatus which consists of four arms, usually two enclosed and two open, in the shape of a plus (+) upon which the test animal can walk. The maze is elevated a set distance, for example 40 to 60 cm, above the floor or platform upon which the apparatus sits. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000264 arm(s) of elevated plus maze apparatus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000262 elevated plus maze apparatus method Any of the arms, either open or enclosed, of an elevated plus maze apparatus, an experimental apparatus which consists of four arms, usually two enclosed and two open, in the shape of a plus (+) upon which the test animal can walk. The maze is elevated a set distance, for example 40 to 60 cm, above the floor or platform upon which the apparatus sits. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000265 enclosed arm of elevated plus maze apparatus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000264 arm(s) of elevated plus maze apparatus One or both of the arms of an elevated plus maze apparatus which are bounded on two or three sides by walls, forming an observable enclosure. An elevated plus maze is an experimental apparatus which consists of four arms, usually two enclosed and two open, in the shape of a plus (+) upon which the test animal can walk. The maze is elevated a set distance, for example 40 to 60 cm, above the floor or platform upon which the apparatus sits. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000266 open arm of elevated plus maze apparatus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000264 arm(s) of elevated plus maze apparatus One or both of the arms of an elevated plus maze apparatus which are not bounded or enclosed with walls. An elevated plus maze is an experimental apparatus which consists of four arms, usually two enclosed and two open, in the shape of a plus (+) upon which the test animal can walk. The maze is elevated a set distance, for example 40 to 60 cm, above the floor or platform upon which the apparatus sits. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000267 elevated T-maze apparatus method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000257 movement/behavior test maze method A method which utilizes an experimental apparatus consisting of three arms all or any of which may or may not be enclosed, in the shape of a T upon which the test animal can walk. The maze may include doors which can be used to close off any of the arms of the maze. The maze is elevated a set distance, for example 40 to 60 centimeters, above the floor or platform upon which the apparatus sits. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000268 enclosed arm of elevated T-maze apparatus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000267 elevated T-maze apparatus method One or both (if there are two) arms of an elevated T-maze apparatus which are bounded on two or three sides by walls, forming an observable enclosure. An elevated T-maze is an experimental apparatus which consists of three arms in the shape of a T, upon which the test animal can walk. The maze may include doors which can be used to close off any of the arms of the maze. The maze is elevated a set distance, for example 40 to 60 cm, above the floor or platform upon which the apparatus sits. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000269 open arm of elevated T-maze apparatus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000267 elevated T-maze apparatus method One or both (if there are two) arms of an elevated T-maze apparatus which are not bounded or enclosed by walls. An elevated T-maze is an experimental apparatus which consists of three arms in the shape of a T, upon which the test animal can walk. The maze may include doors which can be used to close off any of the arms of the maze. The maze is elevated a set distance, for example 40 to 60 cm, above the floor or platform upon which the apparatus sits. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000270 blood creatinine analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000030 ex vivo blood analysis Any method for measuring creatinine, the nitrogenous compound formed as the end product of creatine metabolism, in whole blood, serum or plasma. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000271 serum creatinine analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000270 blood creatinine analysis Any method for measuring creatinine, the nitrogenous compound formed as the end product of creatine metabolism, in serum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000272 blood urea analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000030 ex vivo blood analysis Any assay which measures the amount, level or concentration of urea in whole blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000273 serum urea analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000272 blood urea analysis An assay which measures the amount, level or concentration of urea, the chief nitrogenous endproduct of protein metabolism, in serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000274 serum urea nitrogen analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000253 blood urea nitrogen analysis A test which measures the amount of nitrogen in the form of urea present in serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely. Urea is the chief nitrogenous end product of protein metabolism and is formed in the liver from amino acids and from ammonia compounds and is found in urine, blood, and lymph. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000275 urine creatinine analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000147 urine analysis Any test which measures the amount of creatinine, the metabolized by-product of creatine, an organic acid that assists the body in producing muscle contractions, in urine. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000276 post excision length measurement http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000277 isolated body part size method Any method which measures the length an organ, tissue or other body part after it has been removed from the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000277 isolated body part size method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000004 isolated body part method Any method which measures the physical dimensions, proportions, magnitude, or extent of an organ, tissue or other body part after it has been removed from the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000278 blood high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000489 blood differential lipoprotein-cholesterol analysis A test which determines the amount of cholesterol carried in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles in a sample of whole blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000279 blood low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000489 blood differential lipoprotein-cholesterol analysis A test which determines the amount of cholesterol carried in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles in blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000280 blood total cholesterol measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000491 blood cholesterol analysis A test which determines total amount of cholesterol in blood, including cholesterol carried in any and all types of lipoprotein molecules. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000281 blood very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000489 blood differential lipoprotein-cholesterol analysis A test which determines the amount of cholesterol carried in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles in blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000282 plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000278 blood high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol measurement test A test which determines the amount of cholesterol carried in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles in a sample of plasma, the fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000283 plasma low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000279 blood low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol measurement test A test which determines the amount of cholesterol carried in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles in plasma, the fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000284 plasma total cholesterol measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000280 blood total cholesterol measurement test A test which determines total amount of cholesterol carried in lipoprotein, such as high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), molecules in a volume of plasma, the fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000285 plasma very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000281 blood very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol measurement test A test which determines the amount of cholesterol carried in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles in a volume of plasma, the fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000286 molecular separation method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000027 ex vivo method Any method which is based upon division of the molecules in a mixture, solution or suspension into constituent or distinct elements on the basis of one or more chemical or physical properties. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000287 electrophoresis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000286 molecular separation method The separation of ionic solutes based on differences in their rates of migration in an applied electric field. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000288 chromatography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000286 molecular separation method A method of separating and identifying the components of a complex mixture by differential movement through a two-phase system, in which the movement is effected by a flow of a liquid or a gas (mobile phase) which percolates through an adsorbent (stationary phase) or a second liquid phase. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000289 thin layer chromatography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000288 chromatography A method of separating and identifying the components of a complex mixture by differential movement through a two-phase system, in which the movement is effected by a flow of a liquid, mobile phase over a stationary phase composed of a thin layer of adsorbent such as silica gel, alumina, or cellulose on a flat, inert substrate. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000290 blood pH analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000030 ex vivo blood analysis A test of the acidity or alkalinity of blood, expressed as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration expressed in molarity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000291 cell-based electrophysiological assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000239 cell-based biologic assay Any test dealing with the electrical properties of biological cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000292 patch clamp technique http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000291 cell-based electrophysiological assay An electrophysiological technique that uses a microelectrode to record current flow across a cell membrane or a piece of a cell membrane, thus permitting the study of a single or multiple ion channels in a cell. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000293 whole-cell patch clamp technique http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000292 patch clamp technique A patch clamp technique which uses an electrode inserted into an intact cell in such a way that a high resistance seal is maintained between the electrode and the plasma membrane, allowing measurement of currents through multiple ion channels across the entire cell membrane. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000294 automated platelet count test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000146 automated blood cell counting method Use of an automated analyzer to quantitate the number of platelets, the small, non-nucleated cell fragments whose activity is essential to blood clotting, in a specified volume of blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000295 blood hemoglobin analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000166 blood protein analysis Any method to determine the nature, properties, or composition of hemoglobin, the oxygen- and carbon dioxide-carrying protein in red blood cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000296 novel cage apparatus method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000256 movement/behavior test enclosure method A test utilizing a standard cage or chamber which is unfamiliar to the subjects before the start of the experimental procedure. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000297 novel cage apparatus test utilizing automatic movement detection system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000296 novel cage apparatus method A method using a standard cage or chamber which is unfamiliar to the subjects before the start of the experimental procedure and which incorporates any type of system to detect, measure and record movement automatically. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000298 elevated zero maze apparatus method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000257 movement/behavior test maze method A method which utilizes an experimental apparatus consisting of a ring-shaped runway with the same amount of area devoted to adjacent, i.e. alternating, open (without walls) and closed (with walls) quadrants suspended a set distance above the floor or bench/table top upon which the apparatus sits. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000299 open section of elevated zero maze apparatus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000298 elevated zero maze apparatus method Either of two unwalled segments of an elevated zero maze apparatus, a ring-shaped runway with the same amount of area devoted to adjacent, i.e. alternating open and closed quadrants suspended a set distance above the ground, floor or bench/table top upon which the apparatus sits. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000300 enclosed section of elevated zero maze apparatus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000298 elevated zero maze apparatus method Either of two walled segments of an elevated zero maze apparatus, a ring-shaped runway with the same amount of area devoted to adjacent, i.e. alternating open and closed quadrants suspended a set distance above the ground, floor or bench/table top upon which the apparatus sits. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000301 two way shuttlebox apparatus method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000256 movement/behavior test enclosure method A test using a box divided into two halves in which an experimental animal must move from one compartment to the other in order to gain their reward or to avoid an adverse stimulus. The shuttlebox is considered two way because the reward or adverse stimulus can be administered in either or both sides of the apparatus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000302 active avoidance test using a two-way shuttle box apparatus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000301 two way shuttlebox apparatus method Active avoidance requires performing a specific behavior in order to escape or avoid the aversive stimulus. It is a conditioning paradigm in which the animal learns to control the application of an unconditioned stimulus (US), in this case, a foot shock, by appropriately reacting to a conditioned stimulus (CS) preceding the US, such as a light cue. The first stage of avoidance learning is usually to escape from the US. With continued training, anticipatory reactions appear which enable the animal to avoid the US altogether. In the active avoidance test, the rodent is placed into a shuttle box and is trained to move to the opposite side of the box in response to a cue that signals an incoming foot shock. Movement to the opposite side of the chamber in response to the presentation of the shock-predictive cue alone is regarded as active avoidance, whereas movement to the opposite side of the chamber only after receiving foot shock is regarded as an escape response. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000303 radioenzymatic assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000237 radioactivity measurement method An assay in which a radioactive substrate us used to quantitate enzyme activity in a sample or in which a radioactive cofactor or substrate with an added enzyme is used to quantitate the level of another substrate in a sample. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000304 radioenzymatic assay measuring enzyme level or activity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000303 radioenzymatic assay An assay of the catalytic activity of an enzyme based on the use of a radioactive substrate. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000305 radioenzymatic assay measuring substrate level http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000303 radioenzymatic assay An assay utilizing an extrinsic, that is, added enzyme and radioactive cofactor or substrate to quantitate another enzymatic substrate in a sample. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000308 serum free fatty acid analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000216 blood free fatty acid analysis A laboratory test which measures the level of free fatty acids in serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. Free fatty acids are nonesterified organic acids consisting of a long hydrocarbon chain ending in a carboxyl group, released by the hydrolysis of triglycerides within adipose tissue. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000309 plasma free fatty acid analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000216 blood free fatty acid analysis A laboratory test which measures the level of free fatty acids in plasma, the fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. Free fatty acids are nonesterified organic acids consisting of a long hydrocarbon chain ending in a carboxyl group, released by the hydrolysis of triglycerides within adipose tissue. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000310 fluorescence-activated cell sorting method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000617 flow cytometry method A technique for separating and sorting cells marked with a fluorescent label based on how much they fluoresce at a particular wavelength. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000311 blood hormone analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000030 ex vivo blood analysis A method to measure one or more hormones in blood. A hormone is a chemical substance which is produced in one part or organ of the body and initiates or regulates the activity of an organ or a group of cells in another part of the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000312 blood aldosterone analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000311 blood hormone analysis A method which measures aldosterone in the blood. Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex with action in the renal tubule to retain sodium, conserve water by reabsorption, and increase urinary excretion of potassium. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000313 plasma aldosterone analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000312 blood aldosterone analysis Any method which measures aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex with action in the renal tubule to retain sodium, conserve water by reabsorption, and increase urinary excretion of potassium, in plasma, the fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000314 serum aldosterone analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000312 blood aldosterone analysis Any method which measures aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex with action in the renal tubule to retain sodium, conserve water by reabsorption, and increase urinary excretion of potassium, in serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000315 plasma glucose analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000112 blood glucose analysis Any method to determine the level of glucose, the end product of carbohydrate metabolism, in plasma, the fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000316 serum glucose analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000112 blood glucose analysis Any method to determine the level of glucose, the end product of carbohydrate metabolism, in serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after cells, platelets, and clotting factors have been removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000317 flowmetry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method Any method used to measure the rate of flow of liquids or gases in a living organism. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000318 electromagnetic flowmetry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000317 flowmetry A method for measuring the rate of flow of liquids or gases in which a conductive liquid flowing through a tube such as a blood vessel in a living organism is subjected to a magnetic field and the resultant voltage, which is proportional to the velocity of movement, is measured. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000319 ex vivo videomicroscopy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000111 ex vivo light microscopy The use of video microscopes provide a live feed image directly to a computer, TV or a LCD projector. There are several different setups for video microscopes which differ mostly based on the type of camera and the frames per second that the camera provides. The main goal for a video microscope is typically a smooth real-time video image that does not jump and is fluid. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000320 blood insulin analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000311 blood hormone analysis Any method by which the level or concentration in a sample of blood of insulin is measured. Insulin is the major fuel-regulating peptide hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000321 plasma insulin analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000320 blood insulin analysis Any method of measuring the level or concentration of insulin in a sample of plasma, the fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. Insulin is the major fuel-regulating peptide hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000322 serum insulin analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000320 blood insulin analysis Any method of measuring the level or concentration of insulin in a sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. Insulin is the major fuel-regulating peptide hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000323 blood phospholipid analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000038 blood lipid analysis A laboratory test which measures the level of one or more phospholipids, phosphorus-containing lipids composed mainly of fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule, in blood, the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins carrying nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues and metabolites away from them. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000324 plasma phospholipid analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000323 blood phospholipid analysis A laboratory test which measures the level of one or more phospholipids, phosphorous-containing lipids composed mainly of fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule, in plasma, the fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000325 serum phospholipid analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000323 blood phospholipid analysis A laboratory test which measures the level of one or more phospholipids, phosphorous-containing lipids composed mainly of fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule, in serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000326 intravenous glucose tolerance test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000204 glucose tolerance analysis A test in which glucose is injected into a vein and blood samples taken afterward at specified interval(s) to determine how quickly it is cleared from the blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000327 colorimetry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000704 photometry Colorimetry is a scientific technique that is used to determine the concentration of colored compounds in solutions by the application of the Beer–Lambert law (A=elc), which states that the concentration of a solute is proportional to the absorbance. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000328 solid phase colorimetry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000327 colorimetry A technique by which the color of a sample following a reaction carried out in or on a material characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, such as a sheet of paper or plastic strip, is evaluated in terms of standard colors. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000329 liquid phase colorimetry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000327 colorimetry A technique by which the color of a sample following a reaction carried out in solution, that is, in a substance composed of molecules that can move about relatively freely and which exhibits a characteristic readiness to flow, little or no tendency to disperse, and relatively high incompressibility, is evaluated in terms of standard colors. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000330 peptide/protein analysis by liquid phase colorimetry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000329 liquid phase colorimetry Method of assessing the amount of one or more proteins (complex high molecular weight organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages) or peptides (low molecular weight compounds composed of at least two amino acids joined by peptide linkages) in a solution, using a technique in which the color of that solution, usually after a chemical or enzymatic reaction, is compared to standard colors. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000331 protein analysis by liquid phase colorimetry with spectrophotometric readout http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000330 peptide/protein analysis by liquid phase colorimetry Method of assessing the amount of one or more proteins, complex high molecular weight organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages, in a solution using a technique in which the color of that solution, usually after a chemical or enzymatic reaction, is evaluated based on its ability to alter the transmission of light at specific wavelengths in the visible spectrum, that is, to alter the transmission of a specific color of light, using a spectrophotometer. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000332 pyrogallol red-molybdate complex-based urine total protein analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000423 urine protein colorimetric analysis Method of assessing the total amount of protein, complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages, in a specified sample of urine based upon measuring the shift in the absorption that occurs when a complex of pyrogallol red and molybdate binds to basic amino acid groups of protein molecules in the sample. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000333 protein analysis by liquid phase colorimetry with visual assessment http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000330 peptide/protein analysis by liquid phase colorimetry Method of assessing the amount of one or more proteins, complex high molecular weight organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages, in a solution using a technique in which the color of that solution, usually after a chemical or enzymatic reaction, is evaluated through the use of sight to compare the output with a standard color scale. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000334 urine protein analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000147 urine analysis Any method of assessing one or more proteins, complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages, in a specified sample of urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000335 urine total protein analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000334 urine protein analysis Any method of assessing the entire amount of protein, complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages, in a sample of urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000336 urine microalbumin analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000406 urine albumin analysis Any method of assessing very low levels of albumin, the major blood plasma protein which is responsible for much of the plasma colloidal osmotic pressure and serves as a transport protein for large organic anions such as fatty acids and bilirubin, in a specified sample of urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000337 echocardiography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000024 ultrasound method Method in which ultrasonic waves directed through the heart are reflected backward, or echoed, when they pass from one type of tissue to another, such as from cardiac muscle to blood, to create an image of the heart muscle and show the size, shape, and movement of the heart's valves and chambers as well as the flow of blood through the heart. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000340 Southern blot http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000100 gel electrophoresis A multistep process in which a mixture of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is separated by gel electrophoresis, that is, separation of ionic solutes based on differences in rate of migration in an applied electric field using a semisolid colloid such as agarose or acrylamide as the support medium, followed by transfer to a membrane such as nitrocellulose or nylon and detection of specific RNAs by hybridization of a tagged or labelled polynucleotide, usually a single DNA fragment with a specific, known sequence. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000341 ex vivo myography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000207 tissue force analysis utilizing a force transducer Use of a myograph to study muscle contraction after removal of the tissue from the body. A myograph is a device for quantifying contractile properties of muscles (e.g. force-length, force-velocity), generally through direct mechanical coupling to a force transducer, that is, an instrument which converts one form of energy, such as mechanical force, into another form, such as an electrical signal, for recording. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000342 wire myography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000341 ex vivo myography A method which uses wires threaded through segments of isolated blood vessels and connected to a myograph, a device for quantifying contractile properties of muscles (e.g. force-length, force-velocity), generally through direct mechanical coupling to a force transducer (that is, an instrument which converts one form of energy, such as mechanical force, into another form, such as an electrical signal, for recording) to measure contraction in those arteries. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000343 autopsy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000000 measurement method A postmortem examination of a body to determine the cause of death or the character and extent of changes produced by disease. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000344 necropsy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000343 autopsy A postmortem examination of the body of an animal to determine the cause of death or the character and extent of changes produced by disease. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000345 automated blood protein analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000179 automated blood analysis Method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the amount and/or composition of proteins, complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages, in blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000346 automated serum protein analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000554 automated serum analysis Method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the amount and/or composition of proteins, complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages, in serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000347 automated serum total protein analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000355 automated blood total protein analysis Method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the entire amount of protein, the mix of complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages, in serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000348 automated serum bicarbonate test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000556 automated serum electrolyte analysis Method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the amount of bicarbonate, an anion of carbonic acid in which only one of the hydrogen atoms has been removed, in serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000349 automated blood albumin analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000345 automated blood protein analysis Method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure albumin, the major blood plasma protein which is responsible for much of the plasma colloidal osmotic pressure and serves as a transport protein for large organic anions such as fatty acids and bilirubin, in blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000350 automated serum albumin analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000349 automated blood albumin analysis Method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure albumin, the major blood plasma protein which is responsible for much of the plasma colloidal osmotic pressure and serves as a transport protein for large organic anions such as fatty acids and bilirubin, in serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000351 automated plasma albumin analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000352 automated plasma protein analysis Method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure albumin, the major blood plasma protein which is responsible for much of the plasma colloidal osmotic pressure and serves as a transport protein for large organic anions such as fatty acids and bilirubin, in plasma, the fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000352 automated plasma protein analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000553 automated plasma analysis Method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the amount and/or composition of proteins, complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages, in plasma, the fluid portion of the blood remaining after cells and platelets are removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000353 automated serum creatinine analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000554 automated serum analysis Method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the level of creatinine, the catabolic product of creatine, in serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000354 automated plasma creatinine analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000553 automated plasma analysis Method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the level of creatinine, the catabolic product of creatine, in plasma, the fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000355 automated blood total protein analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000345 automated blood protein analysis Method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the entire amount of protein, the mix of complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages, in blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000356 automated plasma total protein analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000355 automated blood total protein analysis Method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the entire amount of protein, the mix of complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages, in plasma, the fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000357 urine volume measurement method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000212 ex vivo volume measurement method Any method by which the size of the three dimensional space occupied by a sample of urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys, is determined. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000358 automated urine protein analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000334 urine protein analysis Method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure protein, complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages, in a sample of urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000359 automated urine total protein analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000358 automated urine protein analysis Method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the entire amount of protein, complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages, in a sample of urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000360 automated urine albumin analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000406 urine albumin analysis Method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure albumin, the major blood plasma protein which is responsible for much of the plasma colloidal osmotic pressure and serves as a transport protein for large organic anions such as fatty acids and bilirubin, in urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000361 running or walking measurement http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000255 movement measuring method This is a method of measuring some aspect of a subject walking or running. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000363 dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000383 absorptiometry A scanning technique which directs alternating X-ray energy from two separate sources (high energy and low energy) towards bone at a set frequency. The amount of these x-rays that pass through the bone is measured for each beam and bone mineral density is determined based on the difference of the two transmitted X-ray beams. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000364 quantitative computed tomography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000128 computed tomography A computed tomography (CT) technique that measures bone mineral density (BMD) in either the axial or appendicular skeleton using a calibration standard to convert the Hounsfield Units (HU) of the CT image to BMD values. CT is a method of producing images of single tissue planes in which the emergent X-ray beam is measured by a scintillation counter and the electronic impulses are recorded on a magnetic disk and processed by a mini-computer for reconstruction display of the body in cross-section. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000365 in vivo peripheral quantitative computed tomography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000364 quantitative computed tomography A computed tomography (CT) technique that uses a low radiation dose to measure bone mineral density (BMD) in the appendicular skeleton, utilizing a calibration standard ('phantoms') to convert the Hounsfield Units (HU) of the CT image to BMD values. CT is a method of producing images of single tissue planes in which the emergent X-ray beam is measured by a scintillation counter and the electronic impulses are recorded on a magnetic disk and processed by a mini-computer for reconstruction display of the body in cross-section. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000366 ex vivo radiography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000027 ex vivo method Using X-rays or gamma rays to create records of the internal structures of an organ or other body part after removal from the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000367 ex vivo peripheral quantitative computed tomography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000366 ex vivo radiography A computed tomography (CT) technique that uses a low radiation dose to measure bone mineral density (BMD) of a bone after removal from the body and possibly after removal of the surrounding tissues such as the muscle, utilizing a calibration standard ('phantoms') to convert the Hounsfield Units (HU) of the CT image to BMD values. CT is a method of producing images of single tissue planes in which the emergent X-ray beam is measured by a scintillation counter and the electronic impulses are recorded on a magnetic disk and processed by a mini-computer for reconstruction display of the body in cross-section. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000368 hemocytometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000224 isolated cell counting method An instrument used for manual, microscopic counting of cells in suspension and consisting of a glass microscope slide with a rectangular indentation that creates a chamber. The chamber is engraved with a precise laser-etched grid of perpendicular lines and the depth of the chamber is standardized so that the volume of fluid and cells contained within a grid square and between the slide and the cover glass is known, allowing a count per volume to be determined. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000369 nitrite analysis by liquid phase colorimetry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000329 liquid phase colorimetry Method of assessing the amount of nitrite, the nitrogen oxoanion chemical formula NO2(-), in a solution using a technique in which the color of that solution, usually after a chemical or enzymatic reaction, is compared to a color standard. Measurement of nitrite is used to estimate nitric oxide (NO) production in biological systems. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000370 nitrite analysis using the Griess reaction http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000369 nitrite analysis by liquid phase colorimetry Method of assessing the amount of nitrite, the nitrogen oxoanion chemical formula NO2(-), in a solution by treating with a diazotizing reagent, e.g. sulfanilamide (SA), in acidic media to form a transient diazonium salt which is then allowed to react with a coupling reagent, N-naphthyl-ethylenediamine (NED), to form a stable azo compound with an intense purple color that absorbs light at 540 nm. Measurement of nitrite is used to estimate nitric oxide (NO) production in biological systems. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000371 ex vivo biological fluid analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000027 ex vivo method Any method to determine the nature, properties, or composition of a biological fluid, that is a liquid produced by a living organism, after that fluid has been removed or excreted from the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000372 exudate analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000371 ex vivo biological fluid analysis Any method to determine the nature, properties, or composition of a fluid, often resulting from inflammation and with a high content of protein, cells and/or cellular debris, which has escaped from blood vessels and has been deposited in tissues or on tissue surfaces. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000373 exudate nitrite analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000372 exudate analysis Any method to assess nitrite, the nitrogen oxoanion chemical formula NO2(-), in exudate, a fluid, often resulting from inflammation and with a high content of protein, cells and/or cellular debris, which has escaped from blood vessels and has been deposited in tissues or on tissue surfaces. Measurement of nitrite is used to estimate nitric oxide (NO) production in biological systems. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000374 urine nitrite analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000147 urine analysis Any method to assess nitrite, the nitrogen oxoanion chemical formula NO2(-), in urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys. Measurement of nitrite is used to estimate nitric oxide (NO) production in biological systems. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000375 blood nitrite analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000030 ex vivo blood analysis Any method to assess nitrite, the nitrogen oxoanion chemical formula NO2(-), in blood the fluid circulating through the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins, carrying nutrients and oxygen to body cells, and removing waste products and carbon dioxide. Measurement of nitrite is used to estimate nitric oxide (NO) production in biological systems. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000376 urine nitrite analysis using the Griess reaction http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000374 urine nitrite analysis Method of assessing the amount of nitrite, the nitrogen oxoanion chemical formula NO2(-), in a sample of urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys, by treating with a diazotizing reagent, e.g. sulfanilamide (SA), in acidic media to form a transient diazonium salt which is then allowed to react with a coupling reagent, N-naphthyl-ethylenediamine (NED), to form a stable azo compound with an intense purple color that absorbs light at 540 nm. Measurement of nitrite is used to estimate nitric oxide (NO) production in biological systems. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000377 exudate nitrite analysis using the Griess reaction http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000373 exudate nitrite analysis Method of assessing the amount of nitrite, the nitrogen oxoanion chemical formula NO2(-), in exudate, a fluid, often resulting from inflammation and with a high content of protein, cells and/or cellular debris, which has escaped from blood vessels and has been deposited in tissues or on tissue surfaces, by treating a sample of exudate with a diazotizing reagent, e.g. sulfanilamide (SA), in acidic media to form a transient diazonium salt which is then allowed to react with a coupling reagent, N-naphthyl-ethylenediamine (NED), to form a stable azo compound with an intense purple color that absorbs light at 540 nm. Measurement of nitrite is used to estimate nitric oxide (NO) production in biological systems. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000378 blood nitrite analysis using the Griess reaction http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000375 blood nitrite analysis Method of assessing the amount of nitrite, the nitrogen oxoanion chemical formula NO2(-), in blood the fluid circulating through the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins, carrying nutrients and oxygen to body cells, and removing waste products and carbon dioxide, by treating a sample of blood with a diazotizing reagent, e.g. sulfanilamide (SA), in acidic media to form a transient diazonium salt which is then allowed to react with a coupling reagent, N-naphthyl-ethylenediamine (NED), to form a stable azo compound with an intense purple color that absorbs light at 540 nm. Measurement of nitrite is used to estimate nitric oxide (NO) production in biological systems. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000379 flame atomic absorption spectrometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000232 atomic absorption spectrometry A spectroanalytical procedure for the quantitative determination of chemical elements employing the absorption of optical radiation (light) by free atoms in the gaseous state, in this case generated by a flame atomizer, e.g. an air-acetylene slot-type burner at 2300 degrees C or a nitrous oxide (N2O)-acetylene slot-type burner at 2700 degrees C. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000380 graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000232 atomic absorption spectrometry A spectroanalytical procedure for the quantitative determination of chemical elements employing the absorption of optical radiation (light) by free atoms in the gaseous state, in this case generated by vaporization of the sample in an electrically heated apparatus coated with graphite, a soft hexagonally-crystallized allotrope of carbon. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000381 automated tracking of running or walking http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000361 running or walking measurement This is a measuring method that utilizes a computerized device to automatically record speed of, distance of, and/or time spent running or walking by a test subject. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000383 absorptiometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000124 in vivo radiography A method whereby the radiation emitted by a radioisotope or other energy source is directed at a part of the body and the degree to which that radiation is dissipated within the tissue is measured. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000384 dual photon absorptiometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000383 absorptiometry A method used to measure, for instance, bone mineral content in the axial skeleton, particularly the lumbar spine, by comparing transmission of the two separate photoelectric energy peaks (gamma rays) emitted by gadolinium 153 through both soft and bone tissues. Because energy at the two peaks is dissipated differentially the soft-tissue component can be subtracted from the total to determine bone-specific absorption. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000385 single photon absorptiometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000383 absorptiometry A scanning technique in which a single-energy photon beam, that is, a beam of electromagnetic radiation of a single energy, is passed through a material such as bone in order to measure its density. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000386 electroanalytical method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000027 ex vivo method Any analytical method in which a property such as concentration of an analyte is determined by measuring the potential (volts) and/or current (amperes) in an electrochemical cell containing the analyte. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000387 Clark-type oxygen electrode method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000386 electroanalytical method A polarographic method for measuring oxygen (O2), the chemical element with atomic number 8 which is the essential agent in the respiration of plants and animals, in which a voltage is applied to a platinum electrode covered by a semipermiable membrane specific for oxygen resulting in the reduction of O2 according to the reaction [O2 + 4e- + 2 H2O --> 4 OH-] and the production of a measurable current in proportion to the oxygen tension in the measured sample. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000388 enzymatic method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000027 ex vivo method A procedure or technique by which a morphological or physiological state or property in a single individual or sample or a group of individuals or samples is assessed and a quantitative or qualitative value assigned, where that procedure is based on the action of one or more enzymes, proteins that catalyze chemical reactions of other substances without themselves being destroyed or altered upon completion of the reaction(s). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000389 enzymatic lipid assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000388 enzymatic method A procedure or technique based on the action of one or more enzymes, proteins that catalyze chemical reactions of other substances without themselves being destroyed or altered upon completion of the reaction(s), used to assess one or more lipids, any of a structurally diverse group of organic compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble innonpolar solvents and that, among other biological functions, serve as a source of fuel and are an important constituent of cell structure. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000390 enzymatic cholesterol assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000389 enzymatic lipid assay A procedure or technique based on the action of one or more enzymes, proteins that catalyze chemical reactions of other substances without themselves being destroyed or altered upon completion of the reaction(s), used to assess cholesterol, a eukaryotic sterol that in higher animals is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and a key constituent of cell membranes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000391 enzymatic triglyceride assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000389 enzymatic lipid assay A procedure or technique based on the action of one or more enzymes, proteins that catalyze chemical reactions of other substances without themselves being destroyed or altered upon completion of the reaction(s), used to assess triglyceride, a neutral fat compound that consists of three molecules of fatty acids bound with one molecule of glycerol and that is the usual storage form of lipids in animals. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000392 pipette method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000212 ex vivo volume measurement method A procedure or technique by which the size of the three dimensional space occupied by a liquid substance is ascertained using a pipette, a glass or transparent plastic tube used in measuring or transferring relatively small quantities of liquids. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000393 calibrated Mohr pipette method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000392 pipette method A procedure or technique by which the size of the three dimensional space occupied by a liquid substance is ascertained using a calibrated Mohr pipette, a glass or transparent plastic tube with a series of graduated markings on it indicating volumes which has been checked and/or adjusted by comparison with a standard to ensure the accuracy of the measurement. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000394 high-performance liquid chromatography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000404 liquid column chromatography A high pressure form of liquid column chromatography in which the solvent is forced through the column under high pressures of up to 400 atmospheres rather than being allowed to drip through the column under gravity. Liquid chomatography is a method of separating and identifying the components of a complex mixture by differential movement through a two-phase system, in which the movement is effected by a flow of a liquid (mobile phase) which percolates through an adsorbent (stationary phase). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000395 Richter feeding tube http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000212 ex vivo volume measurement method A capless, hollow, graduated cylinder designed to dispense liguid nourishment. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000396 isolated bone method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000004 isolated body part method The manner, procedure or technique by which a morphological or physiological state or property in a bone is assessed and a quantitative or qualitative value assigned. An isolated body part is a subdivision of the material or physical structure of an organism, such as an organ, extremity or tissue, after it has been removed from the body. Bone is the hard, rigid form of connective tissue constituting most of the skeleton of vertebrates and composed chiefly of calcium salts. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000397 bone three-point bending test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000396 isolated bone method Isolated bone method in which the bone is held in a material testing apparatus consisting of three fittings (anvils or pins)--two supporting the bone from below and one positioned equidistant between them applying a specified force from above. The force, or load, is applied at a specified rate, usually until the bone breaks, and the displacement, i.e. the bending of the bone, resulting from the applied load is recorded. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000398 bone four-point bending test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000396 isolated bone method Isolated bone method in which the bone is held in a material testing apparatus consisting of four fittings (anvils or pins)--two supporting the bone from below and two positioned at a defined distance either side of the center applying a specified force from above. The force, or load, is applied at a specified rate, usually until the bone breaks, and the displacement, i.e. the bending of the bone, resulting from the applied load is recorded. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000399 bone compression test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000396 isolated bone method Isolated bone method in which the bone is held in a material testing apparatus between two plates or platens and a force or load is applied which presses or squeezes the plates together at a specified rate, often until fracture. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000400 bone torsion test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000396 isolated bone method Isolated bone method in which the ends of the bone are embedded in blocks of a support material or otherwise secured and subjected to an applied torque, that is a force applied in a twisting motion such that the two blocks rotate in parallel planes in opposite directlons relative to one another. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000401 visual assessment of in vivo video recording http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000163 in vivo visual assessment A procedure or technique in which a morphological or physiological state or property of a living body or in situ body part is evaluated, appraised or perceived through the sense of sight by watching a stored image-based record of the organism, body or body part, for example a videotape or a stored video file. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000402 Morris water maze method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000257 movement/behavior test maze method A method utilizing an experimental apparatus consisting of an open pool of water with a submerged escape platform, often with a set of visual cues such as colored shapes around the perimeter. An animal is placed in the water at a start location and must swim around the pool to find the platform. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000403 enzymatic microassay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000713 enzyme immunoassay A scaled down version of an analytical method based on the reaction(s) of one or more enzymes, proteins that catalyze chemical reactions of other substances without themselves being destroyed or altered upon completion of those reactions, to assess properties, such as concentration, of a target chemical in small volume samples. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000404 liquid column chromatography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000468 column chromatography A separation method in which a liquid mixture is applied to a tube or cylinder filled with a solid adsorbent, the stationary phase. The liquid phase passes through the column by either gravity or external pressure during which individual components adsorb to the stationary phase based on their chemicophysical properties and the properties of the liquid and stationary phases of the column. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000405 implanted wire electrode recording method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000001 electrical potential recording method A procedure or technique in which a wire electrode, a thread-like filament of metal for conducting an electrical current, is inserted into a specified location within the body, such as in or on a central or peripheral nerve, in order to monitor and record electrical activity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000406 urine albumin analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000334 urine protein analysis Any method of assessing the amount of albumin, the major blood plasma protein which is responsible for much of the plasma colloidal osmotic pressure and serves as a transport protein for large organic anions such as fatty acids and bilirubin, in a specified sample of urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000407 ex vivo photography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000027 ex vivo method The process of producing images by the action of radiant energy and especially light on a sensitive surface such as film or an optical sensor, of a part of an organism, such as an organ, tissue, or cell, after removal from the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000408 in vivo photography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method The process of producing images of an entire living organism, or of a part of a living organism such as an organ or tissue recorded in situ, by the action of radiant energy and especially light on a sensitive surface such as film or an optical sensor. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000409 in vivo photography with digital image analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000408 in vivo photography The process of producing images of an entire living organism, or of a part of a living organism such as an organ or tissue recorded in situ, by the action of radiant energy and especially light on a sensitive surface such as film or an optical sensor followed by use of computer software to analyze or assist in the analysis of the resulting images. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000410 ex vivo photography with digital image analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000407 ex vivo photography The process of producing images by the action of radiant energy and especially light on a sensitive surface such as film or an optical sensor, of a part of an organism, such as an organ, tissue, or cell, after removal from the body, followed by use of computer software to analyze or assist in the analysis of the resulting images. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000411 tilting plane test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000588 balance, coordination or strength assessment method A method which utilizes a platform that can be inclined, i.e., the position of which can be made to deviate from the horizontal, at or through a series of specified angles. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000412 moving tilting plane test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000411 tilting plane test A method which utilizes a platform that can be inclined, i.e., the position of which can be made to deviate from the horizontal, in which the angle of inclination is continuously either increased or decreased and measurements are made while the platform is in motion. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000413 stationary tilting plane test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000411 tilting plane test A method which utilizes a platform that can be inclined, i.e., the position of which can be made to deviate from the horizontal, in which the angle of inclination is either increased or decreased in fixed increments and measurements are made while the platform is not moving. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000414 V-shaped trough test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000254 body movement/behavior method A method in which a subject is placed, for example on its back, in an apparatus with two inclined sides that come to a point at the bottom forming a narrow open container with a triangular cross-section. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000415 in vivo light microscopy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000743 in vivo microscopy A method performed in or on a living body, for example, a procedure performed on an organ in situ or on the entire living organism, consisting of the examination or observation of material using a light microscope, an optical instrument that employs visible light (electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between approximately 390 and 700 nm) processed through a lens or a combination of lenses to produce magnified images. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000417 in vivo stereo light microscopy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000415 in vivo light microscopy Examination or observation of material, performed in or on a living body, for example, a procedure performed on an organ in situ or on the entire living organism, which employs a stereo light microscope, an optical instrument that uses visible light (electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between approximately 390 and 700 nm) processed through a dual lens system, arranged in such a way that for the observer each eye or for a recording device each optical input receives a magnified image from a separate lens, generating a three-dimensional view. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000418 ex vivo stereo light microscopy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000111 ex vivo light microscopy Examination or observation of material, performed outside the living body, which employs a stereo light microscope, an optical instrument that uses visible light (electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between approximately 390 and 700 nm) processed through a dual lens system, arranged in such a way that for the observer each eye or for a recording device each optical input receives a magnified image from a separate lens, generating a three-dimensional view. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000419 ex vivo stereo light microscopy with digital image analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000418 ex vivo stereo light microscopy Examination or observation of material, performed outside the living body, which incorporates use of stereo light microscopy to produce picture files stored as data expressed in a discrete numerical form, followed by use of computer software to evaluate these resulting microscopic images. Stereo light microscopy is a method which employs a stereo light microscope, an optical instrument that uses visible light (electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between approximately 390 and 700 nm) processed through a dual lens system, arranged in such a way that for the recording device each optical input receives a magnified image from a separate lens, generating a three-dimensional view. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000420 in vivo stereo light microscopy with digital image analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000421 in vivo light microscopy with digital image analysis Examination or observation of material, performed in or on a living body, for example, a procedure performed on an organ in situ or on the entire living organism, which incorporates use of stereo light microscopy to produce picture files stored digitally, that is, as data expressed in a discrete numerical form, followed by use of computer software to evaluate these resulting microscopic images. Stereo light microscopy is a method which employs a stereo light microscope, an optical instrument that uses visible light (electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between approximately 390 and 700 nm) processed through a dual lens system, arranged in such a way that for the recording device each optical input receives a magnified image from a separate lens, generating a three-dimensional view. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000421 in vivo light microscopy with digital image analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000415 in vivo light microscopy A method performed in or on a living body, for example, a procedure performed on an organ in situ or on the entire living organism, which incorporates use of light microscopy to produce picture files stored as data expressed in a discrete numerical form, followed by use of computer software to evaluate these resulting microscopic images. Light microscopy is the examination or observation of material through a light microscope, an optical instrument that uses visible light (electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between approximately 390 and 700 nm) processed through a lens or a combination of lenses to produce magnified images. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000422 ex vivo light microscopy with immunohistochemistry and digital image analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000538 ex vivo light microscopy with immunohistochemistry A method performed outside the living body, e.g., on isolated tissue, which incorporates use of light microscopy and immunohistochemistry to produce picture files stored as data expressed in a discrete numerical form, followed by use of computer software to evaluate these resulting microscopic images. Light microscopy is the examination or observation of material through a light microscope, an optical instrument that uses visible light (electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between approximately 390 and 700 nm) processed through a lens or a combination of lenses to produce magnified images. Immunohistochemistry is the microscopic localization of specific antigens in tissues by staining with antibodies labeled with fluorescent or pigmented material. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000423 urine protein colorimetric analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000334 urine protein analysis Any method of assessing the amount or composition of protein, complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages, in a sample of urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys, through the use of colorimetry. Colorimetry is any technique by which the color of an unknown, that is, the color of a sample, is evaluated in terms of the color(s) of a standard or a series of standards. The technique may be visual, photoelectric, or indirect by means of spectrophotometry. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000424 bicinchoninic acid protein assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000331 protein analysis by liquid phase colorimetry with spectrophotometric readout The BCA protein assay combines the protein-induced biuret reaction in which peptide bonds in the protein reduce Cu2+ ions to Cu+ in a reaction proportional to the amount of protein present, followed by chelation of bicinchoninic acid molecules with Cu+ ions, forming a purple-colored product which can be quantitated by spectrophotometry, i.e., based on the ability of the solution to alter the transmission of light at specific wavelengths in the visible spectrum, that is, to alter the transmission of a specific color of light. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000425 Lowry protein assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000331 protein analysis by liquid phase colorimetry with spectrophotometric readout The Lowry assay is an enhanced biuret test involving copper chelation chemistry to assess the amount of protein, any of a group of complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages, in a specified sample. Following the Folin-Ciocalteu reaction, the reduced Folin reagent is quantitated by spectrophotometry, i.e., based on the ability of the solution to alter the transmission of light at specific wavelengths in the visible spectrum, that is, to alter the transmission of a specific color of light. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000426 Bradford protein assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000331 protein analysis by liquid phase colorimetry with spectrophotometric readout The Bradford assay of protein concentration is based on an absorbance shift of the dye Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250. In the acidic environment of the assay, protein binds to the Coomassie dye, resulting in a shift from reddish/brown to blue in the color of the dye, which can be quantitated by spectrophotometry, i.e., based on the ability of the solution to alter the transmission of light at specific wavelengths in the visible spectrum, that is, to alter the transmission of a specific color of light. The binding of the dye to the protein stabilizes the blue anionic form and the increase of absorbance at 595 nm is proportional to the amount of bound dye, and thus to the amount (concentration) of protein present in the sample. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000427 plasma total protein analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000443 blood total protein analysis A method to determine the entire amount of all proteins, any of a group of complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages, in plasma, the fibrinogen-containing fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000428 serum total protein analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000443 blood total protein analysis A method to determine the entire amount of all proteins, any of a group of complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages, in serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000429 blood enzyme activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000444 enzyme or transport activity assay Any method which quantifies the catalytic effect exerted by an enzyme, a protein that acts as a catalyst, increasing the rate at which a chemical reaction occurs without itself being destroyed or altered upon completion of the reaction, in blood, the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins carrying nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues and metabolites away from them. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000430 blood renin activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000429 blood enzyme activity assay A method which quantifies the catalytic effect exerted by renin in a specified sample of blood, the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins carrying nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues and metabolites away from them. Renin is a proteolytic enzyme synthesized, stored, and secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney; it plays a role in regulation of blood pressure by catalyzing the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000431 plasma renin activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000430 blood renin activity assay A method which quantifies the catalytic effect exerted by renin in a specified sample of plasma, the fibrinogen-containing fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. Renin is a proteolytic enzyme synthesized, stored, and secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney; it plays a role in regulation of blood pressure by catalyzing the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000432 serum renin activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000430 blood renin activity assay A method which quantifies the catalytic effect exerted by renin in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. Renin is a proteolytic enzyme synthesized, stored, and secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney; it plays a role in regulation of blood pressure by catalyzing the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000433 urine electrolyte analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000147 urine analysis A method which assesses the amount, proportions or properties of one or more electrolytes, any of various ions required by cells to regulate the electric charge and flow of water molecules across the cell membrane, in urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000434 urine sodium analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000433 urine electrolyte analysis A method which assesses the amount, proportions or properties of sodium in urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys. Sodium, the chemical element with atomic number 11 that in its ionic form has lost one electron, forming a cation with a charge of +1, is the chief cation of extracellular body fluids. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000435 urine potassium analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000433 urine electrolyte analysis A method which assesses the amount, proportions or properties of potassium in urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys. Potassium, the chemical element with atomic number 19 that in its ionic form has lost one electron, forming a cation with a charge of +1, is the chief cation of intracellular fluid. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000436 bromocresol green-based urine albumin analysis with spectrophotometric readout http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000423 urine protein colorimetric analysis A method of assessing the amount of albumin, the major blood plasma protein which is responsible for much of the plasma colloidal osmotic pressure and which serves as a transport protein for large organic anions such as fatty acids and bilirubin, in a specified sample of urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys. This method uses a technique in which the dye bromocresol green is incubated with the sample and the resulting color change is evaluated based on the ability of the solution to alter the transmission of light at specific wavelengths in the visible spectrum, that is, to alter the transmission of a specific color of light. Bromocresol green is a dye of the triphenylmethane family that forms a colored complex specifically with albumin. The intensity of the color is directly proportional to the albumin concentration in the sample. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000437 immunodiffusion assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000098 immunoassay Any technique involving diffusion of antigen and/or antibody through a semisolid medium, resulting in a precipitin reaction, i.e. in the formation of precipitation lines in the medium around or between the wells in which the sample(s) were placed. A precipitin reaction is a specific interaction between an antibody and a soluble antigen in which the antibody specifically aggregates the macromolecular antigen to give a visible precipitate. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000438 Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000437 immunodiffusion assay A technique for detecting antibody-antigen interactions, where antigens and antibodies are placed into separate wells cut into a gel matrix and allowed to diffuse towards each other. Where the diffusion fronts meet, if an antibody recognizes an antigen, they will bind, forming an immune complex. The immune complex precipitates in the gel to give a visible white line. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000439 radial immunodiffusion assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000437 immunodiffusion assay A technique used to determine the quantity of an antigen by measuring the diameters of circles of precipitin complexes surrounding samples of the antigen that mark the boundary between the antigen and an antibody suspended in a gel. Antigen diffuses into the gel matrix containing a specific antibody and a ring of precipitate is formed, the diameter of which is directly proportional to the concentration of the antigen. Precipitin is an antibody that has specifically aggregated a macromolecular antigen to give a visible precipitate. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000440 reverse radial immunodiffusion assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000437 immunodiffusion assay A technique used to determine the quantity of an antibody in a sample by measuring the diameters of circles of precipitin complexes surrounding a well in a gel such as agar in which the sample is placed. Antibody diffuses into a gel matrix containing a specific antigen and a ring of precipitate is formed, the diameter of which is directly proportional to the concentration of the antibody in the sample. Precipitin is an antibody that has specifically aggregated a macromolecular antigen to give a visible precipitate. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000441 bioassay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000027 ex vivo method Any method of determining the concentration, relative activity, or effects of a biologically active substance in a sample by comparing its effect on an organism, on an isolated tissue or on isolated cells in culture, with that of a reference standard. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000442 cell proliferation bioassay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000502 cell-based bioassay A method of determining the concentration, relative activity or effects of a biologically active substance in a sample based on the effect of the sample on the reproduction or multiplication of cells, especially of cells which depend for their viability and/or reproduction on a particular substance of interest. The amount or activity of that substance in the sample is calculated by measuring the effect of the sample on the test cell culture compared with the effect of a reference standard. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000443 blood total protein analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000166 blood protein analysis A method to determine the entire amount of all proteins, any of a group of complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages, in blood, the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins carrying nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues and metabolites away from them. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000444 enzyme or transport activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000027 ex vivo method A procedure or technique performed outside the living body by which the catalytic activity of an enzyme (a protein that catalyzes chemical reactions of other substances without itself being destroyed or altered upon completion of the reactions) or activity of a transport molecule or complex is assessed and a quantitative or qualitative value assigned. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000445 blood cell counting method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000030 ex vivo blood analysis Any method, manual or automated, by which the number of cells in a sample of blood assessed and a value assigned. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000446 manual blood cell counting method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000445 blood cell counting method A method performed by hand, i.e., by a human and not by an automated machine, by which the number of cells in a sample of blood assessed and a value assigned. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000447 manual hemocytometer-based blood cell counting method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000446 manual blood cell counting method A method performed by which a human uses a hemocytometer to assess the number of cells in a sample of blood and assign a value. A hemocytometer is an instrument used for manual, microscopic counting of cells in suspension and consisting of a glass microscope slide with a rectangular indentation that creates a chamber. The chamber is engraved with a precise laser-etched grid of perpendicular lines and the depth of the chamber is standardized so that the volume of fluid and cells contained within a grid square and between the slide and the cover glass is known, allowing a count per volume to be determined. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000448 computer-aided tensile strength and compression test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000396 isolated bone method This is a test done by a machine physically interacting with isolated bone. The machine control and data readout is performed by computer connected to the machine. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000449 thymidine incorporation bioassay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000442 cell proliferation bioassay A method of determining the concentration, relative activity or effects of a biologically active substance in a sample based on the amount of radioactive thymidine, e.g., H3-thymidine, taken up by a culture of reporter cells (cells which depend for their viability and/or reproduction on the substance of interest) following application of the sample. The amount or activity of that substance in the sample is calculated by measuring the incorporation of radioactivity by the text cell culture following application of the sample compared with the incorporation of radioactivity following application of a reference standard. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000450 ion-selective electrode method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000386 electroanalytical method An electroanalytical technique which employs a sensor that converts the activity of a specific ion dissolved in a solution into an electrical potential and measures the resulting potential using a voltmeter or potentiometer. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000451 chloride ion-selective electrode method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000450 ion-selective electrode method An electroanalytical technique which employs a sensor that converts the activity of a chloride ions (the chemical element with atomic number 17, that has gained one electron forming an anion with a charge of -1) in a solution into an electrical potential and measures the resulting potential using a voltmeter or potentiometer. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000452 sodium ion-selective electrode method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000450 ion-selective electrode method An electroanalytical technique which employs a sensor that converts the activity of sodium ions (the chemical element with atomic number 11, that has lost one electron forming a cation with a charge of +1) in a solution into an electrical potential and measures the resulting potential using a voltmeter or potentiometer. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000453 potassium ion-selective electrode method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000450 ion-selective electrode method An electroanalytical technique which employs a sensor that converts the activity of potassium ions (chemical element with atomic number 19, that has lost one electron forming a cation with a charge of +1) in a solution into an electrical potential and measures the resulting potential using a voltmeter or potentiometer. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000454 test apparatus method utilizing mechanical transducer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000255 movement measuring method A method utilizing a piece of physical instrumentation, machinery or equipment designed and used to measure the movements and/or behaviors of an organism, that makes use of a mechanical transducer to convert a physical/mechanical force or displacement signal to another, recordable, signal type. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000455 test apparatus method utilizing piezoelectric accelerometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000454 test apparatus method utilizing mechanical transducer A method which utilizes a piece of physical instrumentation, machinery or equipment designed and used to measure the movements and/or behaviors of an organism in which a piezoelectric accelerometer converts mechanical force into an electrical signal that can be measured by the recording instrument. A piezoelectric accelerometer utilizes the piezoelectric effect of certain materials, that is, the accumulation of an electrical charge in a substance in response to applied mechanical stress, to measure dynamic changes in mechanical variables. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000456 automated urine sodium analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000434 urine sodium analysis Method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to assess the amount, proportions or properties of sodium in urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys. Sodium, the chemical element with atomic number 11 that in its ionic form has lost one electron, forming a cation with a charge of +1, is the chief cation of extracellular body fluids. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000457 urine pH analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000147 urine analysis A test of the acidity or alkalinity of urine, expressed as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration expressed in molarity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000458 enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000075 enzyme linked immunosorbent assay A modified version of the ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) protocol in which viable cells are plated onto membranes treated with antibodies against the molecule of interest. Analyte secreted from a cell is immediately adsorbed onto the membrane before dilution or difusion and membranes are processed as in the ELISA protocol, yielding spots represending individual activated or responding cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000459 polymerase chain reaction assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000388 enzymatic method A rapid technique for in vitro amplification of specific DNA sequences, allowing small quantities of short sequences to be analyzed without cloning. DNA sequences are amplified in vitro by separating the DNA into two strands and incubating it in a series of temperature cycles with oligonucleotide primers and heat-stable DNA polymerase. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000460 real-time polymerase chain reaction assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000459 polymerase chain reaction assay Real-time PCR is able to detect sequence-specific PCR products as they accumulate in 'real-time' during the PCR amplification process. As the PCR product of interest is produced, real-time PCR can detect their accumulation and quantify the number of substrates present in the initial PCR mixture before amplification began. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000463 urine potassium test strip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000435 urine potassium analysis A solid phase colorimetric assay utilizing a strip of paper, or of plastic with one or more attached pads of paper, impregnated with a reagent that specifically reacts with potassium ions. The strip is dipped into the urine sample, allowed to react for a specified period of time and the results assessed by a visual comparison with a standard chromatic/color scale or by an automated analyzer. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000464 urine sodium test strip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000434 urine sodium analysis A solid phase colorimetric assay utilizing a strip of paper, or of plastic with one or more attached pads of paper, impregnated with a reagent that specifically reacts with sodium ions. The strip is dipped into the urine sample, allowed to react for a specified period of time and the results assessed by a visual comparison with a standard chromatic/color scale or by an automated analyzer. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000465 radiotelemetry electrocardiography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000003 electrocardiography A procedure for making graphic records of the variations in electrical potential caused by electrical activity of the heart muscle in which the sensor is located within the body and the measurement is based on data transmitted by radio waves from the subject to the recording apparatus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000466 serum total phospholipid measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000479 blood total phospholipid measurement test A laboratory test which measures all, i.e. the entirety, of the phospholipids, phosphorous-containing lipids composed mainly of fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule, in serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000468 column chromatography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000288 chromatography Any chromatographic technique, i.e. a technique for separating and/or analyzing a complex mixture based on its differential movement through a two-phase system, in which the mobile phase moves through a tube filled, lined or packed with the stationary phase. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000469 gas chromatography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000468 column chromatography Any of a group of analytical separation techniques used to analyze volatile substances in the gas phase. In gas chromatography, the components of a sample are dissolved in a solvent and vaporized in order to separate the analytes by distributing the sample between two phases: a stationary phase and a mobile phase. The mobile phase is a chemically inert gas that serves to carry the molecules of the analyte through the heated column; the stationary phase can be either a solid adsorbant or a liquid on an inert support. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000470 gas-solid chromatography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000469 gas chromatography An analytical separation technique used to analyze volatile substances in the gas phase. The components of a sample are dissolved in a solvent and vaporized in order to separate the analytes by distributing the sample between two phases: a mobile phase comprised of a chemically inert gas that serves to carry the molecules of the analyte through the heated column, and a stationary phase consisting of a solid adsorbant. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000471 gas-liquid chromatography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000469 gas chromatography An analytical separation technique used to analyze volatile substances in the gas phase. The components of a sample are dissolved in a solvent and vaporized in order to separate the analytes by distributing the sample between two phases: a mobile phase comprised of a chemically inert gas that serves to carry the molecules of the analyte through the heated column, and a stationary phase consisting of a liquid on an inert support. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000472 blood intermediate-density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000489 blood differential lipoprotein-cholesterol analysis A test which determines the amount of cholesterol carried in intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) particles in blood. IDL are relatively large lipoprotein particles (complexes that consist of a protein layer surrounding a core of lipids) formed by degredation of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) particles and thus having a size intermediate between those of VLDL and low density lipoproteins. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000473 serum intermediate-density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000472 blood intermediate-density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement test A test which determines the amount of cholesterol carried in intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) particles in a sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. IDL are relatively large lipoprotein particles (complexes that consist of a protein membrane surrounding a core of lipids) formed by degredation of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) particles and thus having a size intermediate between those of VLDL and low density lipoproteins. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000474 plasma intermediate-density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000472 blood intermediate-density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement test A test which determines the amount of cholesterol carried in intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) particles in a sample of plasma, the fibrinogen-containing fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. IDL are relatively large lipoprotein particles (complexes that consist of a protein membrane surrounding a core of lipids) formed by degredation of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) particles and thus having a size intermediate between those of VLDL and low density lipoproteins. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000475 blood high-density lipoprotein phospholipid measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000490 blood differential lipoprotein-phospholipid analysis A laboratory test which measures the amount of phospholipid (phosphorus-containing lipids composed mainly of fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule) found in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction of blood. HDL is the smallest (diameter approximately 5-15 nm) of the major lipoprotein particles, complex particles that consist of a protein layer surrounding a core of lipids. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000476 blood intermediate-density lipoprotein phospholipid measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000490 blood differential lipoprotein-phospholipid analysis A laboratory test which measures the amount of phospholipid (phosphorus-containing lipids composed mainly of fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule) found in the intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) fraction of blood. IDL are relatively large lipoprotein particles (complexes that consist of a protein layer surrounding a core of lipids) formed by degredation of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) particles and thus having a size intermediate between those of VLDL and low density lipoproteins (diameter approximately 25-50 nm). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000477 blood low-density lipoprotein phospholipid measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000490 blood differential lipoprotein-phospholipid analysis A laboratory test which measures the amount of phospholipid (phosphorus-containing lipids composed mainly of fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule) found in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) fraction of blood. LDL consitute a class of relatively large (diameter approximately 18-28 nm), heterogeneous lipoprotein particles, complexes that consist of a protein layer surrounding a core of lipids. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000478 blood very low-density lipoprotein phospholipid measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000490 blood differential lipoprotein-phospholipid analysis A laboratory test which measures the amount of phospholipid (phosphorus-containing lipids composed mainly of fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule) found in the very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction of blood. VLDL consitute a class of large (diameter approximately 30-80 nm) lipoprotein particles, complexes that consist of a protein layer surrounding a core of lipids. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000479 blood total phospholipid measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000323 blood phospholipid analysis A laboratory test which measures all, i.e. the entirety, of the phospholipids, phosphorous-containing lipids composed mainly of fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule, in blood, the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins carrying nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues and metabolites away from them. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000480 plasma total phospholipid measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000479 blood total phospholipid measurement test A laboratory test which measures all, i.e. the entirety, of the phospholipids, phosphorous-containing lipids composed mainly of fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule, in plasma, the fibrinogen-containing fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000481 serum high-density lipoprotein phospholipid measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000475 blood high-density lipoprotein phospholipid measurement test A laboratory test which measures the amount of phospholipid (phosphorus-containing lipids composed mainly of fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule) found in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. HDL is the smallest (diameter approximately 5-15 nm) of the major lipoprotein particles, complexes that consist of a protein layer surrounding a core of lipids. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000482 plasma high-density lipoprotein phospholipid measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000475 blood high-density lipoprotein phospholipid measurement test A laboratory test which measures the amount of phospholipid (phosphorus-containing lipids composed mainly of fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule) found in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction of plasma, the fibrinogen-containing fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. HDL is the smallest (diameter approximately 5-15 nm) of the major lipoprotein particles, complexes that consist of a protein layer surrounding a core of lipids. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000483 serum intermediate-density lipoprotein phospholipid measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000476 blood intermediate-density lipoprotein phospholipid measurement test A laboratory test which measures the amount of phospholipid (phosphorus-containing lipids composed mainly of fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule) found in the intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) fraction of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. IDL are relatively large lipoprotein particles (complexes that consist of a protein layer surrounding a core of lipids) formed by degredation of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) particles and thus having a size intermediate between those of VLDL and low density lipoproteins (diameter approximately 25-50 nm). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000484 plasma intermediate-density lipoprotein phospholipid measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000476 blood intermediate-density lipoprotein phospholipid measurement test A laboratory test which measures the amount of phospholipid (phosphorus-containing lipids composed mainly of fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule) found in the intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) fraction of plasma, the fibrinogen-containing fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. IDL are relatively large lipoprotein particles (complexes that consist of a protein layer surrounding a core of lipids) formed by degredation of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) particles and thus having a size intermediate between those of VLDL and low density lipoproteins (diameter approximately 25-50 nm). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000485 serum low-density lipoprotein phospholipid measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000477 blood low-density lipoprotein phospholipid measurement test A laboratory test which measures the amount of phospholipid (phosphorus-containing lipids composed mainly of fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule) found in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) fraction of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. LDL consitute a class of relatively large (diameter approximately 18-28 nm), heterogeneous lipoprotein particles, complexes that consist of a protein layer surrounding a core of lipids. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000486 plasma low-density lipoprotein phospholipid measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000477 blood low-density lipoprotein phospholipid measurement test A laboratory test which measures the amount of phospholipid (phosphorus-containing lipids composed mainly of fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule) found in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) fraction of plasma, the fibrinogen-containing fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. LDL consitute a class of relatively large (diameter approximately 18-28 nm), heterogeneous lipoprotein particles, complexes that consist of a protein layer surrounding a core of lipids. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000487 serum very low-density lipoprotein phospholipid measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000478 blood very low-density lipoprotein phospholipid measurement test A laboratory test which measures the amount of phospholipid (phosphorus-containing lipids composed mainly of fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule) found in the very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. VLDL consitute a class of large (diameter approximately 30-80 nm) lipoprotein particles, complexes that consist of a protein layer surrounding a core of lipids. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000488 plasma very low-density lipoprotein phospholipid measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000478 blood very low-density lipoprotein phospholipid measurement test A laboratory test which measures the amount of phospholipid (phosphorus-containing lipids composed mainly of fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule) found in the very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction of plasma, the fibrinogen-containing fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. VLDL consitute a class of large (diameter approximately 30-80 nm) lipoprotein particles, complexes that consist of a protein layer surrounding a core of lipids. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000489 blood differential lipoprotein-cholesterol analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000491 blood cholesterol analysis Any laboratory test which measures the amount of cholesterol carried by or specifically associated with a particular type of lipoprotein (a complex particle that consists of a protein layer surrounding a core of lipids) in blood. Cholesterol is a eukaryotic sterol that in higher animals is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and a key constituent of cell membranes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000490 blood differential lipoprotein-phospholipid analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000323 blood phospholipid analysis Any laboratory test which measures the amount of phospholipid (phosphorus-containing lipids composed mainly of fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule) specifically associated with a particular type of lipoprotein, a complex that consists of a protein layer surrounding a core of lipids, in blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000491 blood cholesterol analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000518 blood sterol analysis Any laboratory test which measures one or more properties such as the amount, composition, etc of cholesterol, a eukaryotic sterol that in higher animals is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and a key constituent of cell membranes, in blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000492 in vivo linear measurement method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method Any procedure or technique performed in or on a living body, for example, a procedure performed on an organ in situ or on the entire living organism, by which a measurement is made in a straight line that connects two points directly. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000493 measuring stick-based body length measuring method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000210 in vivo measuring stick method A procedure to measure the full length of the intact body of an organism, that is, the extent of the body along its greatest dimension, which employs a measuring stick, a measuring instrument having a sequence of marks at regular intervals; used as a reference in making measurements of length. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000494 ruler-based body length measuring method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000211 in vivo ruler method A procedure to measure the full length of the intact body of an organism, that is, the extent of the body along its greatest dimension, which employs a ruler, a strip of wood, metal, or other material, having straight edges and graduated, for example in millimetres or inches, used for measuring lengths. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000495 ex vivo linear measurement method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000027 ex vivo method A procedure or technique performed outside (i.e., distinct from or removed from) the living body by which a measurement is made in a straight line that connects two points directly. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000496 histology http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000109 ex vivo microscopy The anatomical study of the microscopic structure of animal and plant tissues. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000497 histochemistry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000496 histology The branch of histology dealing with the identification of chemical components in cells and tissues, especially the microscopic analysis of chemical components and/or structures in cells and tissues by staining, directly or indirectly, with fluorescent or pigmented materials. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000498 immunohistochemistry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000642 protein expression assay Microscopic analysis of structure and/or localization of specific antigens in cells and tissues by staining with antibodies labeled with fluorescent or pigmented material. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000499 ex vivo microscopic linear measurement method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000495 ex vivo linear measurement method A procedure or technique performed outside (i.e., distinct from or removed from) the living body by which a measurement is made in a straight line that connects two points directly on a microscopic scale, that is, using an instrument to obtain an enlarged image of small objects and reveal details of structure not otherwise distinguishable. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000500 ex vivo linear measurement method using electron microscopy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000499 ex vivo microscopic linear measurement method A procedure or technique performed outside (i.e., distinct from or removed from) the living body by which a measurement is made in a straight line that directly connects two points using an electron microscopea microscope using beams of electrons, negatively charged elementary particles, to produce highly magnified images. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000501 ex vivo linear measurement method using light microscopy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000499 ex vivo microscopic linear measurement method A procedure or technique performed outside (i.e., distinct from or removed from) the living body by which a measurement is made in a straight line that directly connects two points using a light microscope, an optical instrument that uses visible light processed through a lens or a combination of lenses to produce magnified images. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000502 cell-based bioassay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000441 bioassay Any method to determine the strength or biological activity of a drug, hormone or other substance by comparing its effects on isolated cells with those of a reference standard, or to experimentally investigate the properties or functions of isolated cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000503 cell proliferation assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000222 isolated cell method An experimental procedure to measure the rate, level or amount of growth and reproduction of isolated cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000504 urine protein sulfosalicylic acid precipitation test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000335 urine total protein analysis A method in which sulfosalicylic acid (that is, the SSA reagent) is added to a small and equal volume of clear urine. The acidification causes precipitation of protein in the sample (seen as increasing turbidity), which can be subjectively quantitated visually or more precisely quantitated using photometry. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000505 glove test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000586 wildness/tameness assessment method An experimental method in which an animal (for example, a rat) is placed in an experimental apparatus or test cage and subsequently presented with a gloved human hand, passively and/or with attempts to handle the animal, and reactions are assessed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000507 wire electrode telemetric electrocardiography with power spectral analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000465 radiotelemetry electrocardiography A procedure in which graphic records of the variations in electrical potential caused by electrical activity of the heart muscle are made utilizing a sensor located within the body with the measurement based on data transmitted by radio waves from the subject to the recording apparatus. Subsequently, these measurements are subjected to a computer analysis of variances in heart function. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000508 in vivo whole body quantitative computed tomography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000364 quantitative computed tomography A computed tomography (CT) technique that uses a low radiation dose to analyze (for example to determine size or composition) and/or visualize the internal organs and tissues across the entire body of a living organism. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000509 audiometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method Any method by which the acuity of hearing for the various frequencies of sound waves is measured. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000510 evoked response audiometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000509 audiometry A method of testing hearing ability at the level of the brainstem and/or auditory cortex. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000511 metabolic cage urine volume measurement method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000357 urine volume measurement method A method which utilizes a metabolic cage, a housing unit constructed for the separate collection of liquid and solid wastes and in some cases for measurement of liquid waste, to determine the size of the three dimensional space occupied by a sample of urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000512 lipid peroxide analysis by liquid phase colorimetry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000329 liquid phase colorimetry Method of assessing the amount one or more end products of lipid peroxidation, the oxidative degradation of lipids, in a solution using a technique in which the color of that solution, usually after a chemical or enzymatic reaction, is compared to a color standard. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000513 thiobarbituric acid assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000512 lipid peroxide analysis by liquid phase colorimetry Method of assessing the amount one or more end products of lipid peroxidation, the oxidative degradation of lipids, in a solution using an assay in which thiobarbituric acid is heated with a tissue or biological fluid sample at an acidic pH to produce a red chromogen. The level of TBA-reactive substances in the sample is determined by spectrophotometric analysis of absorbtion at ~532 nm or fluorescence at 553 nm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000514 ex vivo caliper method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000495 ex vivo linear measurement method A procedure or technique performed outside the living body, for example, a procedure performed on an organ or tissue after removal from the body, to measure the thickness or diameter of a solid using a compass with bent or curved legs or a device comprised of a calibrated scale with a fixed jaw, and another jaw, with a pointer, that slides along the scale from which the distance between the two pieces can be read. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000515 ex vivo slide caliper method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000514 ex vivo caliper method A method which makes use of a slide caliper, an instrument consisting of a calibrated scale with a fixed jaw, and a second (movable) jaw, with a pointer, that slides along the scale from which the distance between the two pieces can be read. The readout of a slide caliper can be a simple scale, a vernier scale, a dial or a digital display. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000516 ex vivo digital caliper method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000515 ex vivo slide caliper method A method which uses a slide caliper with an electronic digital display on which the measurement is displayed as a single value with a set accuracy and resolution. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000517 ex vivo dial caliper method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000515 ex vivo slide caliper method A method which uses a slide caliper with dial and arrow that points to the reading to display the finer, more precise portion of the measurement. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000518 blood sterol analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000038 blood lipid analysis Any method to determine the nature, properties, or composition of sterols in extracted blood. Sterols are any of a group of steroids with a long (8 to 10 carbons) aliphatic side-chain at position 17 and at least one alcoholic group. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000519 blood phytosterol analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000518 blood sterol analysis Any method to determine the nature, properties, or composition of phytosterol(s) in extracted blood. Phytosterols, which encompass both plant sterols and stanols, comprise a large group of steroid compounds similar to cholesterol that occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000520 blood campesterol measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000519 blood phytosterol analysis A method to determine the nature, properties, or composition of campesterol in extracted blood. Campesterol is a phytosterol (molecular formula C28H48O) whose chemical structure is similar to that of cholesterol. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000521 blood sitosterol measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000519 blood phytosterol analysis A method to determine the nature, properties, or composition of sitosterol in extracted blood. Sitosterol is a phytosterol (molecular formula C29H50O) with chemical structures similar to that of cholesterol. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000522 serum sitosterol measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000521 blood sitosterol measurement test A method to determine the nature, properties, or composition of sitosterol in serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. Sitosterol is a phytosterol (molecular formula C29H50O) with chemical structures similar to that of cholesterol. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000523 plasma sitosterol measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000521 blood sitosterol measurement test A method to determine the nature, properties, or composition of sitosterol in plasma, the fibrinogen-containing fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. Sitosterol is a phytosterol (molecular formula C29H50O) with chemical structures similar to that of cholesterol. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000524 plasma campesterol measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000520 blood campesterol measurement test A method to determine the nature, properties, or composition of campesterol in plasma, the fibrinogen-containing fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. Campesterol is a phytosterol (molecular formula C28H48O) whose chemical structure is similar to that of cholesterol. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000525 serum campesterol measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000520 blood campesterol measurement test A method to determine the nature, properties, or composition of campesterol in serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. Campesterol is a phytosterol (molecular formula C28H48O) whose chemical structure is similar to that of cholesterol. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000526 isolated tissue lipid analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000161 isolated tissue method Any method to determine the nature, properties, or composition of lipids in a specified sample of tissue after removal of that tissue from the body. Lipids are a heterogeneous group of fats and fatlike substances, including fatty acids, neutral fats, waxes, and steroids, which are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents. Among other biological functions, lipids serve as a source of fuel and are an important constituent of cell structure. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000527 isolated tissue triglyceride measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000526 isolated tissue lipid analysis A method to determine the nature, properties, or composition of triglyceride in a specified sample of tissue after removal of that tissue from the body. Triglyceride is a compound consisting of three molecules of fatty acid esterified to glycerol. Triglyceride is a neutral fat that constitutes the usual storage form of lipids in animals. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000528 isolated tissue sterol analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000526 isolated tissue lipid analysis Any method to determine the nature, properties, or composition of sterols in a specified sample of tissue after removal of that tissue from the body. Sterols are any of a group of steroids with a long (8 to 10 carbons) aliphatic side-chain at position 17 and at least one alcoholic group. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000529 isolated tissue cholesterol measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000528 isolated tissue sterol analysis A method to determine the nature, properties, or composition of cholesterol in a specified sample of tissue after removal of that tissue from the body. Cholesterol is a eukaryotic sterol that, in higher animals, is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and a key constituent of cell membranes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000530 isolated tissue phytosterol analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000528 isolated tissue sterol analysis Any method to determine the nature, properties, or composition of phytosterol(s) in a specified sample of tissue after removal of that tissue from the body. Phytosterols, which encompass both plant sterols and stanols, comprise a large group of steroid compounds similar to cholesterol that occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000531 isolated tissue campesterol measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000530 isolated tissue phytosterol analysis A method to determine the nature, properties, or composition of campesterol in a specified sample of tissue after removal of that tissue from the body. Campesterol is a phytosterol (molecular formula C28H48O) whose chemical structure is similar to that of cholesterol. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000532 isolated tissue sitosterol measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000530 isolated tissue phytosterol analysis A method to determine the nature, properties, or composition of sitosterol in a specified sample of tissue after removal of that tissue from the body. Sitosterol is a phytosterol (molecular formula C29H50O) with chemical structures similar to that of cholesterol. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000533 white blood cell counting method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000445 blood cell counting method Any method, manual or automated, by which the number, specifically of white blood cells (leukocytes), in a sample of blood is assessed and a value assigned. Leukocytes are largely colorless blood corpuscles capable of ameboid movement, whose chief function is to protect the body against microorganisms and other disease-causing entities. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000534 mass spectrometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000642 protein expression assay A method for identifying molecules based on the detection of the mass-to-charge ratio of ions generated from the molecule by vaporisation and electron bombardment. Deflection of the ions through a magnetic field results in a characteristic pattern which is used to define the molecule of interest. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000535 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000534 mass spectrometry An analytical technique in that combines the physical separation capabilities of liquid chromatography (LC) with the mass analysis capabilities of mass spectrometry (MS). Molecular mixtures are initially separated into components based on their chemicophysical properties and the properties of the liquid and stationary phases of the column. As these components exit the column, they are subjected to mass spectrometry for identification based on their mass-to-charge ratio and behavior in a magnetic field. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000536 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000534 mass spectrometry An analytical technique in that combines the physical separation capabilities of gas chromatography (GC) with the mass analysis capabilities of mass spectrometry (MS). Molecular mixtures are initially vaporized and separated into components by GC. As these components exit the column, they are subjected to mass spectrometry for identification based on their mass-to-charge ratio and behavior in a magnetic field. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000537 high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000534 mass spectrometry An analytical technique in that combines the physical separation capabilities of high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with the mass analysis capabilities of mass spectrometry (MS). Molecular mixtures are initially separated into components by HPLC. As these components exit the column, they are subjected to mass spectrometry for identification based on their mass-to-charge ratio and behavior in a magnetic field. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000538 ex vivo light microscopy with immunohistochemistry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000498 immunohistochemistry A method performed outside the living body, for instance, on isolated tissue, which incorporates use of light microscopy and immunohistochemistry to produce magnified images. Immunohistochemistry is the microscopic localization of specific antigens in tissues by staining with antibodies labeled with fluorescent or pigmented material. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000539 automated bromocresol green-based plasma albumin analysis with spectrophotometric readout http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000351 automated plasma albumin analysis An automated method in which bromocresol green and plasma proteins, especially albumin, are bound at acidic pH (approximately pH 4.1 - 4.3) to produce a blue to blue-green albumin-BCG complex. The intensity of the blue color of the resulting solution, measured as part of the automated process by a spectrophotometer at 620 - 630 nm, is directly proportional to the amount of albumin in the sample. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000540 creatinine analysis by liquid phase colorimetry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000329 liquid phase colorimetry Method of assessing the amount of creatinine, the metabolized by-product of creatine, in a solution using a technique in which the color of that solution, usually after a chemical or enzymatic reaction, is compared to the color(s) of one or more standard solutions of creatinine. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000541 creatinine analysis by liquid phase colorimetry with spectrophotometric readout http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000540 creatinine analysis by liquid phase colorimetry Method of assessing the amount of creatinine, the metabolized by-product of creatine, in a solution using a technique in which the color of that solution, usually after a chemical or enzymatic reaction, is compared to the one or more standard solutions of creatinine using a spectrophotometer to assess the color and/or level of transmitted light for each solution. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000542 creatinine analysis by Jaffe reaction with spectrophotometric readout http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000541 creatinine analysis by liquid phase colorimetry with spectrophotometric readout A method for assaying creatinine in a sample using the Jaffe reaction, the reaction of creatinine and picric acid in an alkaline solution, followed by quantitation of the colorimetric readout using a spectrophotometer at 520 nm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000543 urine creatinine analysis by Jaffe reaction with spectrophotometric readout http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000542 creatinine analysis by Jaffe reaction with spectrophotometric readout A method for assaying creatinine in urine using the Jaffe reaction, the reaction of creatinine and picric acid in an alkaline solution, followed by quantitation of the colorimetric readout using a spectrophotometer at 520 nm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000544 plasma creatinine analysis by Jaffe reaction with spectrophotometric readout http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000542 creatinine analysis by Jaffe reaction with spectrophotometric readout A method for assaying the creatinine in plasma (the fibrinogen-containing fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended) using the Jaffe reaction, the reaction of creatinine and picric acid in an alkaline solution, followed by quantitation of the colorimetric readout using a spectrophotometer at 520 nm. The assay can be performed without the removal of proteins from the sample, or in combination with such removal which reduces the possibility of interference from proteinaceous chromogens. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000545 plasma creatinine analysis by Jaffe reaction without deproteinization with spectrophotometric readout http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000544 plasma creatinine analysis by Jaffe reaction with spectrophotometric readout A method for assaying the creatinine in blood plasma from which excess proteins have not been removed, using the Jaffe reaction, the reaction of creatinine and picric acid in an alkaline solution, followed by quantitation of the colorimetric readout using a spectrophotometer at 520 nm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000546 plasma creatinine analysis by Jaffe reaction with deproteinization and spectrophotometric readout http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000544 plasma creatinine analysis by Jaffe reaction with spectrophotometric readout A method for assaying the creatinine in deproteinized plasma (that is, blood plasma from which excess proteins have been removed) using the Jaffe reaction, the reaction of creatinine and picric acid in an alkaline solution, followed by quantitation of the colorimetric readout using a spectrophotometer at 520 nm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000547 ophthalmoscopy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method Any examination of one or both eyes using an ophthalmoscope, an instrument containing a perforated mirror and lenses used to examine the interior of the eye, for instance, the retina. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000548 indirect ophthalmoscopy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000547 ophthalmoscopy Ophthalmoscopy using an ophthalmoscope with a hand-held lens positioned close to the subject's eye that produces an inverted, or reversed, image of two to five times magnification. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000549 direct ophthalmoscopy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000547 ophthalmoscopy Ophthalmoscopy using an ophthalmoscope that produces an upright, or unreversed, image of the interior of the eye at approximately 15 times magnification. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000550 slit-lamp ophthalmoscopy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000547 ophthalmoscopy Examination of the eyes using a slit-lamp, an instrument in which a high-intensity beam of light is projected through a narrow slit, and a cross section of the illuminated part of the eye is examined through a magnifying lens, allowing visualization of the external, surface, and internal segments of the eye, including the eyelid(s), lashes, conjunctiva, cornea, anterior chamber, pupil, iris, vitreous and, when a secondary lens is used, the retina. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000551 slit-lamp direct ophthalmoscopy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000550 slit-lamp ophthalmoscopy Direct ophthalmoscopy utilizing a slit lamp or slit-lamp apparatus, an instrument in which a high-intensity beam of light is projected through a narrow slit for observation of the external, surface, and internal segments of the eye viewed as an upright, or unreversed, image. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000552 slit-lamp indirect ophthalmoscopy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000550 slit-lamp ophthalmoscopy Indirect ophthalmoscopy utilizing a slit lamp or slit-lamp apparatus, an instrument in which a high-intensity beam of light is projected through a narrow slit for observation of the interior, particularly the retina, of the eye. In indirect ophthalmoscopy the observer uses a hand-held lens, positioned close to the subject's eye, that produces an inverted or reversed image. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000553 automated plasma analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000179 automated blood analysis Method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the physical or chemical characteristics of plasma, the fluid portion of the blood remaining after cells and platelets are removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000554 automated serum analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000179 automated blood analysis Method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the physical or chemical characteristics of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000555 automated plasma analysis using Beckman analyzer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000553 automated plasma analysis Method using a device manufactured by the Beckman or Beckman Coulter company and designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the physical or chemical characteristics of plasma. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000556 automated serum electrolyte analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000554 automated serum analysis Automated analysis of one or more electrolytes, substances which dissociate into ions, in blood serum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000557 peptide analysis by liquid phase colorimetry with spectrophotometric readout http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000330 peptide/protein analysis by liquid phase colorimetry Method of assessing the amount of one or more peptides, low molecular weight compounds composed of at least two amino acids joined by peptide linkages, in a solution using a technique in which the color of that solution, usually after a chemical or enzymatic reaction, is evaluated based on its ability to alter the transmission of light at specific wavelengths in the visible spectrum, that is, to alter the transmission of a specific color of light, using a spectrophotometer. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000558 reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione enzyme recycling assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000557 peptide analysis by liquid phase colorimetry with spectrophotometric readout A method which uses the sequential reduction of glutathione using the enzyme glutathione reductase, and oxidation using DTNB (5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)) to produce the yellow product TNB (5-mercapto-2-nitrobenzoic acid) that can be quantitated using a spectrophotometer. The process of recycling the glutathione through multiple rounds of reduction and oxidation increases the sensitivity of the assay. The assay can be used to measure total reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH + GSSG) or, by initially masking the endogenous GSH, the differential levels of the two components. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000559 defensive burying test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000256 movement/behavior test enclosure method A method which utilizes a chamber in which one or more noxious substances or aversive stimulus-inducing devices, such as an electrified shock probe are located, and in which a movable material such as wood bedding or sand is available. Test subjects are observed burying the adverse stimulus under the movable material, presumably as a defensive or protective response. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000560 ex vivo light microscopy with histochemistry and digital image analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000561 ex vivo light microscopy with histochemistry A method performed outside the living body, for instance, on isolated cells or tissues, which incorporates the use of light microscopy and histochemistry to produce picture files stored as data expressed in a discrete numerical form, followed by use of computer software to evaluate these resulting microscopic images. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000561 ex vivo light microscopy with histochemistry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000497 histochemistry A method performed outside the living body, for instance, on isolated cells or tissues, which incorporates the use of light microscopy and histochemistry to produce magnified images. Histochemistry is the microscopic analysis of tissues stained with chemical agents to increase the contrast and aid visualization or to highlight specific substances within the specimen. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000562 ex vivo microbiological method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000027 ex vivo method A procedure or technique performed outside the living body of a higher organism by which properties of microorganisms, e.g. infectious agents such as bacteria, fungi or parasites, and their effects on other living organisms is assessed and a quantitative or qualitative value assigned. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000563 plate count http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000562 ex vivo microbiological method The enumeration of individual colonies in a microbial/bacterial culture by distributing a solution containing the microorganisms, either straight or (more commonly) as a set of serial dilutions, onto a dish containing a base layer of growth medium plus a gelling agent such as agar. At an appropriate dilution, each viable microorganism will divide to form an individual, clonal colony. The number of colonies on each plate is counted and, using the volume and dilution of the plated sample, the absolute number or the concentration of microbes in the original sample is calculated. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000564 plate count using selective/restrictive growth conditions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000563 plate count A plate colony counting method that uses conditions which differentially effect the ability of different types of microorganisms to grow. Examples would include addition of antibiotics to or removal of essential chemical components such as amino acids from the growth medium, and incubating the plates at a temperature which is restrictive for certain organisms and/or particularly advantageous for others. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000565 plate count using Todd-Hewitt yeast extract agar plates http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000564 plate count using selective/restrictive growth conditions A plate colony counting method that uses Todd-Hewitt yeast extract (THY) agar which are selective for certain bacterial species/strains such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000566 plate count using supplemented brain-heart infusion/vancomycin plates http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000564 plate count using selective/restrictive growth conditions A plate colony counting method that uses supplemented brain-heart infusion (sBHI) agar plates to which hemin/heme, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and the antibiotic vancomycin have been added. SBHI/vancomycin plates support the growth of fastidious bacteria with an obligate requirement for heme and beta-NAD such as various strains of Haemophilus influenzae, and prevent the growth of vancomycin-sensitive bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000567 rotarod performance test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000588 balance, coordination or strength assessment method A method that utilizes a device consisting of a rotating rod the speed of which is mechanically driven and precisely controlled, for instance held constant or accelerated. The rotarod test is often used to measure riding time or endurance in order to evaluate balance, motor coordination or grip strength. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000568 ex vivo volume measurement calculated from measurement of weight http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000212 ex vivo volume measurement method Method whereby an object or substance is weighed and the volume of (that is, the size of the three dimensional space occupied by) that object or substance is derived based on the measured weight and the density of the substance. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000569 ex vivo volume measurement calculated from change in weight http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000568 ex vivo volume measurement calculated from measurement of weight Method whereby an object or substance is weighed more than once, for example at different times or on different days, and the volume or a change in the volume of (that is, the size of the three dimensional space occupied by) that object or substance is derived based on the measured weights and the density of the substance. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000570 micro-computed tomography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000128 computed tomography High-resolution computed tomography in which the pixel sizes of the cross-sections are in the micrometer range. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000673 in situ recombinase reporter assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000670 in situ reporter assay An in situ reporter assay that uses intact cells or tissues from an organism with a recombinase-carrying allele and a reporter gene-carrying allele to detect the cells and/or tissues where the recombinase has been active. The reporter gene will only be expressed when the recombinase has removed/rearranged part of its sequence. Cre is an example of a commonly used recombinase. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000739 corneal sensitivity test using a Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000740 corneal esthesiometry A rapid corneal sensitivity examination based upon the principle of pressure transmitted axially by a nylon monofilament, of known diameter but of variable length, for a given bending stress. The handheld device used to measure the sensation is called a Cochet-Bonnet or Luneau Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000706 blood fructosamine analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000705 blood carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivative analysis A method to determine the level of fructosamine, the compound that results from glycation reactions between a sugar and a primary amine, or isoglucosamine, found in a specific volume of blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000787 blood aspartate aminotransferase activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000429 blood enzyme activity assay This is a method which quantifies the enzymatic activity of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase enzyme, commonly known as aspartate transaminase or aspartate aminotransferase (AST), in a specified sample of blood. AST catalyzes the reversible transfer of an amine group from l-glutamic acid to oxaloacetic acid, forming alpha-ketoglutaric acid and l-aspartic acid. Blood AST level is used as an enzymatic marker for liver disease or damage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000720 ultra-performance liquid chromatography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000404 liquid column chromatography An ultra-high pressure form of liquid column chromatography in which the solvent is forced through the column under high pressures of up to 1000 atmospheres (15,000 psi). Higher pressure and smaller column particle sizes of less than 2 um helps UPLC outperform HPLC. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000701 blood eicosanoid analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000038 blood lipid analysis A method to determine the level of one or more eicosanoids, physiologically active molecules derived by oxidation of twenty-carbon essential fatty acids such as arachidonic acid, in whole blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000702 plasma eicosanoid analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000701 blood eicosanoid analysis A method to determine the level of one or more eicosanoids, physiologically active molecules derived by oxidation of twenty-carbon essential fatty acids such as arachidonic acid, in plasma. Plasma is the fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended, or from which the particulate components have been removed by centrifugation or settling without clotting. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000703 serum eicosanoid analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000701 blood eicosanoid analysis A method to determine the level of one or more eicosanoids, physiologically active molecules derived by oxidation of twenty-carbon essential fatty acids such as arachidonic acid, inserum. Serum is the clear liquid that separates from blood when it is allowed to clot completely, and is therefore blood plasma from which protein factors have been removed during clotting. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000704 photometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000172 spectrometry The measurement of transmittance (a linear scale from 0-100%) or absorbance (a logarithmic scale from zero to infinity) of particular wavelengths of light by the use of filters. Concentration values of solutes are calculated from measured values. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000705 blood carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivative analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000030 ex vivo blood analysis A method to determine the level of one or more carbohydrates or carbohydrate derivatives, any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose, in blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000707 plasma fructosamine analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000706 blood fructosamine analysis A method to determine the level of fructosamine, the compound that results from glycation reactions between a sugar and a primary amine, or isoglucosamine, found in a specific volume of plasma. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000708 serum fructosamine analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000706 blood fructosamine analysis A method to determine the level of fructosamine, the compound that results from glycation reactions between a sugar and a primary amine, or isoglucosamine, found in a specific volume of plasma. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000709 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000027 ex vivo method Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000710 electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000027 ex vivo method A method for studying materials with unpaired electrons. The basic concepts of EPR are analogous to those of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), but it is electron spins that are excited instead of the spins of atomic nuclei. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000711 electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000710 electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy A minimally invasive magnetic resonance method capable of measuring direct and absolute values of pO2 or O2 concentration. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000713 enzyme immunoassay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000388 enzymatic method Enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) use antibodies to detect the presence of antigens in solution in microtiter plates or in vivo. There are many different types of EIAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000715 Morgan-Elson assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000444 enzyme or transport activity assay The Morgan-Elson assay is a colorimetric method for the determination of glucosamine and chondrosamine and may be used for determination of hyaluronidase activity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000716 fluorimetric Morgan-Elson assay for hyaluronidase activity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000715 Morgan-Elson assay A fluorimetric version of the Morgan-Elson assay for determination of hyaluronidase activity in biological samples. The readout involves a fluorescence spectrophotometer with excitation at 545 nm and emission at 604 nm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000718 Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000019 magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents increase the contrast difference between normal and abnormal tissues. MRI with contrast can be used to follow the progress and/or treatment of diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, and renal disease. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000719 freezing point osmometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000170 osmometry An osmometer can determine the concentration of solutes in a solvent, based on the lowering of a solution's freezing point by increasing solute concentrations. The freezing point depression method of osmometry is the most commonly used method to measure the osmolality of aqueous samples. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000721 ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000720 ultra-performance liquid chromatography An analytical technique that combines the physical separation capabilities of ultra-pressure liquid chromatography (UPLC) with the mass analysis capabilities of mass spectrometry (MS). Molecular mixtures are initially separated into components by UPLC. As these components exit the column, they are subjected to mass spectrometry for identification based on their mass-to-charge ratio and behavior in a magnetic field. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000722 ex vivo light microscopy with inverted microscope http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000111 ex vivo light microscopy Microscopy with its light source from above pointing down, while the objectives and turret are below the stage pointing up - uses include micromanipulation applications where space above the specimen is required for manipulator mechanisms and the microtools they hold. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000723 blood NAG activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000429 blood enzyme activity assay A method which quantifies the catalytic effect exerted by N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase in a specified sample of blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000725 passive avoidance test using a two-way shuttle box apparatus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000301 two way shuttlebox apparatus method Passive avoidance describes experiments in which the animal learns to avoid an aversive event by suppressing a particular behavior. To learn to do so, the aversive stimulus must be clearly associated with the active behavioral component. The passive avoidance task is be carried out in a shuttle box with a light chamber and a dark chamber separated by a doorway (the step-through version of the task). Given that illuminated environments are unpleasant to rodents, when placed in the light chamber, they are led into the preferred dark compartment by its innate photophobia. During habituation, they’re allowed to do so, but in the conditioning phase of the passive avoidance test, the animal will receive a foot shock when he crosses to the dark chamber. His innate behavior of seeking a darker environment will thereby become associated with an aversive stimulus. When placed again in the light chamber, the animal will avoid entering the dark, shock-associated chamber. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000726 blood p-phenylenediamine oxidase activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000429 blood enzyme activity assay A method which quantifies the catalytic effect exerted by ceruloplasmin in a specified sample of blood. The rate of formation of the colored oxidation product is proportional to the concentration of serum ceruloplasmin when a correction is made for nonenzymatic oxidation of p-phenylenediamine (PPD). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000727 plasma p-phenylenediamine oxidase activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000726 blood p-phenylenediamine oxidase activity assay A method which quantifies the catalytic effect exerted by ceruloplasmin in a specified sample of plasma. The rate of formation of the colored oxidation product is proportional to the concentration of ceruloplasmin when a correction is made for nonenzymatic oxidation of p-phenylenediamine (PPD). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000728 serum p-phenylenediamine oxidase activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000726 blood p-phenylenediamine oxidase activity assay A method which quantifies the catalytic effect exerted by ceruloplasmin in a specified sample of serum. The rate of formation of the colored oxidation product is proportional to the concentration of ceruloplasmin when a correction is made for nonenzymatic oxidation of p-phenylenediamine (PPD). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000729 flame photometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000704 photometry This is a controlled flame test with the intensity of the flame color quantified by photoelectric circuitry. The intensity of the color will depend on the energy that had been absorbed by the atoms that was sufficient to vaporize them. Filters select which colors the photometer detects and exclude the influence of other ions. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000730 o-Phthalaldehyde fluorescent protein assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000247 fluorometry When reacted with primary amines in the presence of mercaptoethanol, OPA (o-Phthalaldehyde) yields an intense blue-colored fluorescent product that has a maximum wavelength of excitation of 340 nm and emission at 455 nm. Wavelengths from 330-375 nm have been used for excitation and 436-490 nm for measuring emission. Protein concentrations as low as 50 ng/ml can be measured with an OPA assay. The inherent sensitivity and speed of OPA, along with its broad linear range, makes it a useful protein and peptide assay reagent. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000732 nociception measurement method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000737 sensation test A method to measure nociception, the sensory nervous system's process of encoding noxious stimuli. In nociception, intense chemical, mechanical, or thermal stimulation of sensory nerve cells called nociceptors produces a signal that travels along a chain of nerve fibers via the spinal cord to the brain. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000733 Randall-Selitto test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000732 nociception measurement method The Randall-Selitto test consists of an application of a uniformly increasing pressure on the paw to assess the threshold response to pain. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000738 esthesiometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000737 sensation test The measurement of sensory, usually tactile, discrimination. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000740 corneal esthesiometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000738 esthesiometry This qualitative or quantitative measurement of tactile sensation by the cornea may involve contact or non-contact procedures. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000742 multiphoton microscopy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000743 in vivo microscopy Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is an imaging technique that allows intact biological samples to be visualized at high resolution. MPM is based on nonlinear optical processes such as two-photon and three-photon excited fluorescence (2PEF, 3PEF) and second and third harmonic generation (SHG, THG). Most commonly, 2PEF and 3PEF are used to image fluorescent dyes or endogenous molecules. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000743 in vivo microscopy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method In vivo microscopy (IVM) encompassess a variety of techniques which capture microscopic images in living subjects. IVM imaging technologies can produce 2D or 3D (tomographic) images. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000744 blood corticosterone analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000311 blood hormone analysis A method which measures corticosterone in the blood. Corticosterone is a corticosteroid produced in the adrenal cortex that acts in the metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins, functioning as both a mineralocorticoid and a glucocorticoid. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000746 serum corticosterone analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000744 blood corticosterone analysis A method which measures corticosterone in the serum. Corticosterone is a corticosteroid produced in the adrenal cortex that acts in the metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins, functioning as both a mineralocorticoid and a glucocorticoid. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000747 blood 11-dehydrocorticosterone analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000744 blood corticosterone analysis A method which measures 11-dehydrocorticosterone in the blood. 11-dehydrocorticosterone is an 11-oxo steroid that is corticosterone in which the hydroxy substituent at the 11beta position has been oxidized to give the corresponding ketone. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000749 serum 11-dehydrocorticosterone analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000747 blood 11-dehydrocorticosterone analysis A method which measures 11-dehydrocorticosterone in the serum. 11-dehydrocorticosterone is an 11-oxo steroid that is corticosterone in which the hydroxy substituent at the 11beta position has been oxidized to give the corresponding ketone. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000750 total organ perfusion and parasite count http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000562 ex vivo microbiological method A procedure or technique performed outside the living body of a higher organism by which parasites are removed from an organ and enumerated. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000752 von Frey assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000732 nociception measurement method This is a test introduced by physiologist Maximilian von Frey and modified by Weinstein, to evaluate mechanical allodynia in mice and rats. The test, which may be manual or electronic, uses von Frey hair or fibers, which are small pieces of nylon rod, approximately 50 mm in length, and of varying diameters, to test a rodent's sensitivity to a mechanical stimulus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000755 anorectal manometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000040 dynamometry This is a technique used to measure contractility in the anus and rectum. This technique uses a balloon in the rectum to distend the rectum, a pressure sensor at the internal anal sphincter, and a pressure transducer connected to a recording device. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000756 albumin blue 580-based urine albumin analysis with spectrophotometric readout http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000423 urine protein colorimetric analysis The dye albumin blue 580 specifically binds to albumin with exhibition of strong red fluorescence. The albumin concentration is calculated from emission intensity at 616 nm (excitation at 590 nm) and a calibration curve. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000757 in vivo videography with digital image analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000409 in vivo photography with digital image analysis The process of producing moving images of an entire living organism, or of a part of a living organism such as an organ or tissue recorded in situ, by the action of radiant energy and especially light on a sensitive surface such as film or an optical sensor followed by use of computer software to analyze or assist in the analysis of the resulting images. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000758 multiphase pCASL MRI http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000019 magnetic resonance imaging Multiphase pCASL is a variant of ASL where instead of acquiring the traditional label and control images, images are acquired following labeling with radio-frequency (RF) pulses at multiple phase increments. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion is a MRI technique to quantify tissue blood flow. ASL is a non-invasive technique that labels the protons in the arterial blood by radiofrequency pulses, without the exogenous injection of contrast media. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000759 autoradiography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000366 ex vivo radiography This is an imaging technique which records on a photographic plate the radiation emitted by radioactive material within an object or tissue, which is in close contact with the photographic emulsion. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000760 computerized assessment of in vivo video recording http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000163 in vivo visual assessment A procedure or technique in which a morphological or physiological state or property of a living body or in situ body part is evaluated, appraised or perceived through an algorithmic analysis of a stored image-based record of the organism, body or body part, for example a videotape or a stored video file. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000762 serum creatinine analysis by Jaffe reaction with spectrophotometric readout http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000542 creatinine analysis by Jaffe reaction with spectrophotometric readout A method for assaying the creatinine in serum (blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.) using the Jaffe reaction, the reaction of creatinine and picric acid in an alkaline solution, followed by quantitation of the colorimetric readout using a spectrophotometer at 520 nm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000763 urine creatinine analysis by Jaffe reaction with deproteinization and spectrophotometric readout http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000543 urine creatinine analysis by Jaffe reaction with spectrophotometric readout A method for assaying creatinine in deproteinized urine (urine from which excess proteins have been removed) using the Jaffe reaction, the reaction of creatinine and picric acid in an alkaline solution, followed by quantitation of the colorimetric readout using a spectrophotometer at 520 nm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000764 urine creatinine analysis by Jaffe reaction without deproteinization and spectrophotometric readout http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000543 urine creatinine analysis by Jaffe reaction with spectrophotometric readout A method for assaying the creatinine in urine from which excess proteins have not been removed, using the Jaffe reaction, the reaction of creatinine and picric acid in an alkaline solution, followed by quantitation of the colorimetric readout using a spectrophotometer at 520 nm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000765 scintigraphy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000124 in vivo radiography This is a diagnostic technique in which a two-dimensional picture of internal body tissue is produced through the detection of radiation emitted by a radioactive tracer introduced into the body of the subject. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000766 Na+/K+ ATPase activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000444 enzyme or transport activity assay A method which quantifies the catalytic effect exerted by Na+/K+ ATPase, an enzyme found in all animal cells which helps maintain resting potential, affects transport, and regulates cellular volume. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000767 Na+/K+ ATPase activity assay in Mg++ medium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000766 Na+/K+ ATPase activity assay A method which quantifies the catalytic effect exerted by Na+/K+ ATPase in a medium supplemented with magnesium ions. Na+/K+ ATPase is an enzyme found in all animal cells which helps maintain resting potential, affects transport, and regulates cellular volume. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000768 Na+/K+ ATPase activity assay in choline medium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000766 Na+/K+ ATPase activity assay A method which quantifies the catalytic effect exerted by Na+/K+ ATPase in a medium supplemented with choline. Na+/K+ ATPase is an enzyme found in all animal cells which helps maintain resting potential, affects transport, and regulates cellular volume. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000769 Na-K-Cl cotransport activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000444 enzyme or transport activity assay A method which quantifies the ion transporting effect exerted by Na-K-Cl cotransporters, membrane transport proteins which transport sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chloride (Cl) ions across cell membranes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000770 Na-K-Cl cotransport activity assay in choline medium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000769 Na-K-Cl cotransport activity assay A method which quantifies the ion transporting effect exerted by Na-K-Cl cotransporters in a medium supplemented with choline. Na-K-Cl symporters transport sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chloride (Cl) ions across cell membranes. This assay substitutes choline for potassium. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000771 Na-K-Cl cotransport activity assay in Mg++ medium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000769 Na-K-Cl cotransport activity assay A method which quantifies the ion transporting effect exerted by Na-K-Cl cotransporters in a medium supplemented with magnesium ions. Na-K-Cl symporters transport sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chloride (Cl) ions across cell membranes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000772 Na+ passive permeability assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000444 enzyme or transport activity assay A method which quantifies the net effect of blocking both Na-K-Cl cotransporters and the Na/K pump, membrane transport proteins/enzymes which transport sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chloride (Cl) ions across cell membranes. The Na+ passive permeability assay essentially measures Na+ and/or K+ leak into cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000773 Na+/K+ ATPase activity assay in isotonic choline medium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000768 Na+/K+ ATPase activity assay in choline medium A method which quantifies the catalytic effect exerted by Na+/K+ ATPase in an isotonic choline medium (295 mOsm). Na+/K+ ATPase is an enzyme found in all animal cells which helps maintain resting potential, affects transport, and regulates cellular volume. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000774 Na+/K+ ATPase activity assay in hypotonic choline medium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000768 Na+/K+ ATPase activity assay in choline medium A method which quantifies the catalytic effect exerted by Na+/K+ ATPase in a hypotonic choline medium (170 mOsm). Na+/K+ ATPase is an enzyme found in all animal cells which helps maintain resting potential, affects transport, and regulates cellular volume http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000775 Na-K-Cl cotransport activity assay in isotonic choline medium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000770 Na-K-Cl cotransport activity assay in choline medium A method which quantifies the ion transporting effect exerted by Na-K-Cl cotransporters in an isotonic choline medium (295 mOsm). Na-K-Cl symporters transport sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chloride (Cl) ions across cell membranes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000776 Na-K-Cl cotransport activity assay in hypotonic choline medium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000770 Na-K-Cl cotransport activity assay in choline medium A method which quantifies the ion transporting effect exerted by Na-K-Cl cotransporters in a hypotonic choline medium (170 mOsm). Na-K-Cl symporters transport sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chloride (Cl) ions across cell membranes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000777 Na+ passive permeability assay in Mg++ medium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000772 Na+ passive permeability assay A method which quantifies, in a medium supplemented with magnesium ions, the net effect of blocking both Na-K-Cl cotransporters and the Na/K pump, membrane transport proteins/enzymes which transport sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chloride (Cl) ions across cell membranes. The Na+ passive permeability assay essentially measures Na+ and/or K+ leak into cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000778 Na+ passive permeability assay in choline medium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000772 Na+ passive permeability assay A method which quantifies, in a medium supplemented with choline, the net effect of blocking both Na-K-Cl cotransporters and the Na/K pump, membrane transport proteins/enzymes which transport sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chloride (Cl) ions across cell membranes. The Na+ passive permeability assay essentially measures Na+ and/or K+ leak into cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000779 Na+ passive permeability assay in isotonic choline medium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000778 Na+ passive permeability assay in choline medium A method which quantifies, in an isotonic choline medium (295 mOsm), the net effect of blocking both Na-K-Cl cotransporters and the Na/K pump, membrane transport proteins/enzymes which transport sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chloride (Cl) ions across cell membranes. The Na+ passive permeability assay essentially measures Na+ and/or K+ leak into cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000780 Na+ passive permeability assay in hypotonic choline medium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000778 Na+ passive permeability assay in choline medium A method which quantifies, in a hypotonic choline medium (170 mOsm), the net effect of blocking both Na-K-Cl cotransporters and the Na/K pump, membrane transport proteins/enzymes which transport sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chloride (Cl) ions across cell membranes. The Na+ passive permeability assay essentially measures Na+ and/or K+ leak into cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000781 Na-K-Cl cotransport activity assay in nitrate medium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000769 Na-K-Cl cotransport activity assay A method which quantifies the ion transporting effect exerted by Na-K-Cl cotransporters in a medium supplemented with nitrate. Na-K-Cl symporters transport sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chloride (Cl) ions across cell membranes. This assay substitutes nitrate for chloride. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000782 Na-K-Cl cotransport activity assay in sulfate medium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000769 Na-K-Cl cotransport activity assay A method which quantifies the ion transporting effect exerted by Na-K-Cl cotransporters in a medium supplemented with sulfate. Na-K-Cl symporters transport sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chloride (Cl) ions across cell membranes. This assay substitutes sulfate for chloride. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000785 automated serum lipid analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000554 automated serum analysis This is a method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the physical or chemical characteristics of serum lipids, water insoluble fats and fat-like substances in the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000786 automated serum total cholesterol analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000785 automated serum lipid analysis This is a method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the total amount of cholesterol in serum, including cholesterol carried in any and all types of lipoprotein molecules. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000788 serum aspartate aminotransferase activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000787 blood aspartate aminotransferase activity assay This is a method which quantifies the enzymatic activity of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase enzyme, commonly known as aspartate transaminase or aspartate aminotransferase (AST), in a specified sample of serum, i.e. blood plasma from which clotting factors have been removed. AST catalyzes the reversible transfer of an amine group from l-glutamic acid to oxaloacetic acid, forming alpha-ketoglutaric acid and l-aspartic acid. Blood AST level is used as an enzymatic marker for liver disease or damage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000789 automated serum aspartate aminotransferase activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000788 serum aspartate aminotransferase activity assay This is a method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the enzymatic activity of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase enzyme, commonly known as aspartate transaminase or aspartate aminotransferase (AST), in a specified sample of serum, i.e. blood plasma from which clotting factors have been removed. AST catalyzes the reversible transfer of an amine group from l-glutamic acid to oxaloacetic acid, forming alpha-ketoglutaric acid and l-aspartic acid. Blood AST level is used as an enzymatic marker for liver disease or damage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000790 blood alanine aminotransferase activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000429 blood enzyme activity assay This is a method which quantifies the enzymatic activity of glutamic-pyruvate transaminase enzyme, commonly known as alanine transaminase or alanine aminotransferase (ALT), enzyme in a specified sample of blood. ALT catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to generate pyruvate and glutamate. Serum ALT level is used as an enzymatic marker for liver disease or damage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000791 serum alanine aminotransferase activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000790 blood alanine aminotransferase activity assay This is a method which quantifies the enzymatic activity of glutamic-pyruvate transaminase enzyme, commonly known as alanine transaminase or alanine aminotransferase (ALT), enzyme in a specified sample of serum, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. ALT catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to generate pyruvate and glutamate. Serum ALT level is used as an enzymatic marker for liver disease or damage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000792 automated serum alanine aminotransferase activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000791 serum alanine aminotransferase activity assay This is a method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the enzymatic activity of glutamic-pyruvate transaminase enzyme, commonly known as alanine transaminase or alanine aminotransferase (ALT), enzyme in a specified sample of serum, i.e. blood plasma from which clotting factors have been removed. ALT catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to generate pyruvate and glutamate. Serum ALT level is used as an enzymatic marker for liver disease or damage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000793 blood alkaline phosphatase activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000429 blood enzyme activity assay This is a method which quantifies the enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP) in a specified sample of blood. AP is an enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of orthophosphate from orthophosphoric monoesters under alkaline conditions. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000794 serum alkaline phosphatase activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000793 blood alkaline phosphatase activity assay This is a method which quantifies the enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP) in a specified sample of serum, i.e. blood plasma from which clotting factors have been removed. AP is an enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of orthophosphate from orthophosphoric monoesters under alkaline conditions. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000795 automated plasma phosphate test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000805 automated plasma electrolyte analysis This is a method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the amount of phosphate in blood plasma, the fluid portion of the blood remaining after cells and platelets are removed. Phosphate is an electrically charged particle that contains the mineral phosphorus. Phosphorus works together with the mineral calcium to build strong bones and teeth. Normally, the kidneys filter and remove excess phosphate from the blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000796 automated serum globulin analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000798 serum globulin analysis This is a method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the amount of globulins, a broad category of plasma proteins, in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000797 blood globulin analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000166 blood protein analysis This is a method to determine the amount of globulins, a broad category of plasma proteins, in a specified sample of blood, the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins carrying nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues and metabolites away from them. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000798 serum globulin analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000797 blood globulin analysis This is a method to determine the amount of globulins, a broad category of plasma proteins, in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000800 serum creatine kinase activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000799 blood creatine kinase activity assay This is a method which quantifies the enzymatic activity of creatine kinase (CK) in a specified sample of serum, i.e. blood plasma from which clotting factors have been removed. CK catalyses the reversible transfer of phosphate between ATP and various phosphogens such as creatine phosphate. Serum CK level is used as an enzymatic marker for myocardial infarction, rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000801 automated serum creatine kinase activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000800 serum creatine kinase activity assay This is a method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the enzymatic activity of creatine kinase (CK) in a specified sample of serum, i.e. blood plasma from which clotting factors have been removed. CK catalyses the reversible transfer of phosphate between ATP and various phosphogens such as creatine phosphate. Serum CK level is used as an enzymatic marker for myocardial infarction, rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000803 automated serum urea analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000554 automated serum analysis This is a method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the amount, level or concentration of urea, the chief nitrogenous end product of protein metabolism, in serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which clotting factors have been removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000805 automated plasma electrolyte analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000037 automated blood electrolyte analysis This is a method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure one or more electrolytes, substances which dissociate into ions, in blood plasma, the fluid portion of the blood remaining after cells and platelets are removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000806 automated plasma globulin analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000352 automated plasma protein analysis This is a method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the amount of globulins, a broad category of plasma proteins, in a specified sample of plasma, the fluid portion of the blood remaining after cells and platelets are removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000808 automated plasma alanine aminotransferase activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000807 plasma alanine aminotransferase activity assay This is a method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the enzymatic activity of glutamic-pyruvate transaminase enzyme, commonly known as alanine transaminase or alanine aminotransferase (ALT), enzyme in a specified sample of plasma, the fluid portion of the blood remaining after cells and platelets are removed. ALT catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to generate pyruvate and glutamate. Serum ALT level is used as an enzymatic marker for liver disease or damage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000809 blood leptin analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000311 blood hormone analysis Any method by which the level or concentration in a sample of blood of leptin is measured. Leptin is secreted by white adipocytes and enterocytes. It plays a major role in the regulation of energy homeostasis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000810 automated plasma magnesium test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000805 automated plasma electrolyte analysis This is a method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the amount of magnesium in blood plasma, the fluid portion of the blood remaining after cells and platelets are removed. Magnesium is a cofactor in more than 300 enzyme systems that regulate diverse biochemical reactions in the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000812 automated plasma aspartate aminotransferase activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000811 plasma aspartate aminotransferase activity assay This is a method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the enzymatic activity of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase enzyme, commonly known as aspartate transaminase or aspartate aminotransferase (AST), in a specified sample of plasma, i.e. blood from which cells and platelets have been removed. AST catalyzes the reversible transfer of an amine group from l-glutamic acid to oxaloacetic acid, forming alpha-ketoglutaric acid and l-aspartic acid. Blood AST level is used as an enzymatic marker for liver disease or damage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000813 plasma alkaline phosphatase activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000793 blood alkaline phosphatase activity assay This is a method which quantifies the enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP) in a specified sample of plasma, i.e. blood from which cells and platelets have been removed. AP is an enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of orthophosphate from orthophosphoric monoesters under alkaline conditions. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000815 automated plasma alkaline phosphatase activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000813 plasma alkaline phosphatase activity assay This is a method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP) in a specified sample of plasma, i.e. blood from which cells and platelets have been removed. AP is an enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of orthophosphate from orthophosphoric monoesters under alkaline conditions. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000816 plasma creatine kinase activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000799 blood creatine kinase activity assay This is a method which quantifies the enzymatic activity of creatine kinase (CK) in a specified sample of plasma, i.e. blood from which cells and platelets have been removed. CK catalyses the reversible transfer of phosphate between ATP and various phosphogens such as creatine phosphate. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000817 automated plasma creatine kinase activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000816 plasma creatine kinase activity assay This is a method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the enzymatic activity of creatine kinase (CK) in a specified sample of plasma, i.e. blood from which cells and platelets have been removed. CK catalyses the reversible transfer of phosphate between ATP and various phosphogens such as creatine phosphate. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000818 automated plasma urea analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000553 automated plasma analysis This is a method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the amount, level or concentration of urea, the chief nitrogenous end product of protein metabolism, in plasma, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood from which cells and platelets have been removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000819 automated plasma bicarbonate test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000805 automated plasma electrolyte analysis Method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the amount of bicarbonate, an anion of carbonic acid in which only one of the hydrogen atoms has been removed, in plasma, i.e. blood from which cells and platelets have been removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000820 plasma leptin analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000809 blood leptin analysis Any method by which the level or concentration of leptin in a sample of plasma is measured. Leptin is secreted by white adipocytes and enterocytes. It plays a major role in the regulation of energy homeostasis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000822 automated plasma potassium test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000805 automated plasma electrolyte analysis This is an automated analysis to determine the level of potassium ions in plasma, the fluid portion of the blood remaining after cells and platelets are removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000823 automated plasma sodium test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000805 automated plasma electrolyte analysis This is an automated analysis to determine the level of sodium ions in plasma, the fluid portion of the blood remaining after cells and platelets are removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000824 automated plasma total bilirubin analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000826 plasma total bilirubin analysis This a method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the entire amount of total (direct and indirect) bilirubin in a specified volume of plasma, the fluid portion of the blood remaining after cells and platelets are removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000825 blood total bilirubin analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000030 ex vivo blood analysis This is any assay which measures the amount, level or concentration of total (direct and indirect) bilirubin in whole blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000826 plasma total bilirubin analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000825 blood total bilirubin analysis This is an assay which measures the amount, level or concentration of total (direct and indirect) bilirubin in a specified volume of plasma, the fluid portion of the blood remaining after cells and platelets are removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000827 serum total bilirubin analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000825 blood total bilirubin analysis This is an assay which measures the amount, level or concentration of total (direct and indirect) bilirubin in a specified volume of serum, i.e. blood from which cells, platelets and clotting factors have been removed have been removed by clot formation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000828 blood gamma-glutamyltransferase activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000429 blood enzyme activity assay This is a method which quantifies the enzymatic activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in a specified sample of blood. GGT catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety of glutathione to an acceptor such as amino acid, a peptide or water. Blood GGT level is used as an enzymatic marker for liver disease or damage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000829 plasma gamma-glutamyltransferase activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000828 blood gamma-glutamyltransferase activity assay This is a method which quantifies the enzymatic activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in a specified sample of plasma, the fluid portion of the blood remaining after cells and platelets are removed. GGT catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety of glutathione to an acceptor such as amino acid, a peptide or water. Blood GGT level is used as an enzymatic marker for liver disease or damage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000830 serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000828 blood gamma-glutamyltransferase activity assay This is a method which quantifies the enzymatic activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in a specified sample of serum, i.e. blood plasma from which cells, platelets, and clotting factors have been removed. GGT catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety of glutathione to an acceptor such as amino acid, a peptide or water. Blood GGT level is used as an enzymatic marker for liver disease or damage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000832 automated serum low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000346 automated serum protein analysis Method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure cholesterol carried in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles in serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000833 automated serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000346 automated serum protein analysis Method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure cholesterol carried in high-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles in serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000835 automated blood glucose analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000112 blood glucose analysis Method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the entire amount of glucose, the end product of carbohydrate metabolism, in the blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000836 automated serum glucose analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000835 automated blood glucose analysis Method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the entire amount of glucose in serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after cells, platelets, and clotting factors have been removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000837 automated plasma glucose analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000835 automated blood glucose analysis Method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the entire amount of glucose in plasma, the clear liquid that separates from blood after cells and platelets have been removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000838 automated blood urea nitrogen analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000253 blood urea nitrogen analysis This is a method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the amount of nitrogen present in the blood in the form of urea, the chief nitrogenous end product of protein metabolism. Urea is formed in the liver from amino acids and from ammonia compounds and is found in urine, blood, and lymph. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000839 automated serum urea nitrogen analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000838 automated blood urea nitrogen analysis This is a method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the amount of nitrogen present in serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely. Urea is the chief nitrogenous end product of protein metabolism and is formed in the liver from amino acids and from ammonia compounds and is found in urine, blood, and lymph. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000841 automated serum triglyceride analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000785 automated serum lipid analysis This is a method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure triglyceride, the naturally occurring ester of three fatty acids and glycerol that is the chief constituent of fat, in serum. Serum is the clear liquid that separates from blood when cells, platelets, and clotting factors have been removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000842 automated plasma lipid analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000553 automated plasma analysis This is a method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure plasma lipids, water insoluble fats and fat-like substances in the clear liquid that remains after cells and platelets have been removed from blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000843 automated serum total bilirubin analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000827 serum total bilirubin analysis This a method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the entire amount of total (direct and indirect) bilirubin in a specified volume of serum, the fluid portion of the blood remaining after cells,platelets, and clotting factors are removed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000844 free radical elective evaluator photometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000704 photometry This is the application of photometry (measurement of transmittance (a linear scale from 0-100%) or absorbance (a logarithmic scale from zero to infinity) of particular wavelengths of light by the use of filters) to the assessment of oxidative stress by measuring the level of free radicals (unstable atoms that can damage cells). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000845 affinity chromatography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000404 liquid column chromatography Affinity chromatography is a type of gel filtration chromatography which separates proteins on the basis of a reversible interaction between a protein (or group of proteins) and a specific ligand coupled to a chromatography matrix. With such high selectivity and hence high resolution for the protein(s) of interest, purification levels in the order of several thousand-fold with high recovery of active material are achievable. Samples are concentrated during binding and the target protein(s) is collected in a purified, concentrated form. Examples include antibody/antigen, enzyme/substrate, and enzyme/inhibitor interactions. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000846 blood glucose test strip read by optical glucometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000190 machine read blood glucose test strip This is an automated device that calculates glucose levels in blood from a small sample (~5 ul) on an optical test strip. The glucose-derived electrons from the sample effect a change in the color of an indicating dye so a glucose level may be automatically calculated. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000847 electrochemiluminescence immunoassay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000098 immunoassay This assay is a quantitative method for measurement of antigen or antibody based on the change in electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signal before and after immunoreaction. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000848 automated urine creatinine analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000275 urine creatinine analysis This is a method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure the level of creatinine, the catabolic product of creatine, an organic acid that assists the body in producing muscle contractions, in urine. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000849 automated urine potassium analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000435 urine potassium analysis This is a method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to assess the amount, proportions or properties of potassium in urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000851 automated urine phosphate analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000177 automated urine analysis This is a method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to assess the amount, proportions or properties of phosphate in urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000852 calorimetry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000027 ex vivo method This method is the process of measuring the amount of heat released or absorbed during a chemical reaction. By knowing the change in heat, it can be determined whether or not a reaction is exothermic (releases heat) or endothermic (absorbs heat). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000853 constant volume calorimetry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000852 calorimetry This method is used to measure the amount of heat released or absorbed during a chemical reaction while holding volume constant and resisting large amounts of pressure. A specialized instrument called a bomb calorimeter is necessary to perform this method. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000854 time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000709 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy This method is a non-invasive examination of the body by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. TD-NMR provides analysis of fat tissue, lean tissue and free fluid by the same physical selection rules that give rise to contrast in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000619 drink intake measuring method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000618 consumption measuring method A method used to quantify the consumption or ingestion of drink, any liquid that is brought into the mouth and swallowed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000677 blood NAGA activity assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000429 blood enzyme activity assay A method which quantifies the catalytic effect exerted by α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase in a specified sample of blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000682 immunoprecipitation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000286 molecular separation method A type of protein assay that involves precipitation of a multivalent antigen by a bivalent antibody for protein isolation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000642 protein expression assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000640 expression assay Any method which measures the levels, timing, and/or location of, or differentially quantifies, proteins formed from the translation of gene transcripts. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000589 grid test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000588 balance, coordination or strength assessment method A method used to measure motor coordination and limb movement at different angles depending on the configuration of the grid. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000753 probit analysis estimate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000575 computational method In statistics, a probit model is a type of regression where the dependent variable can take only two values, for example married or not married. The word is a portmanteau, coming from probability + unit. The purpose of the model is to estimate the probability that an observation with particular characteristics will fall into a specific one of the categories. This procedure will allow you to estimate the strength of a stimulus required to induce a certain proportion of responses, such as the median effective dose. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000865 bulk RNA-seq assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000659 RNA-seq assay This is a method which assesses transcript expression and structure via high-throughput sequencing of RNA from pooled cell populations, tissue sections, or biopsies. Advanced computational analyses allow copy number determination, indel detection, microbial contamination investigation, and more in complex samples. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000712 centrifugation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000679 cell fractionation A technique that involves the application of centrifugal force to separate particles from a solution, biological molecules, cells, or organelles according to their size, shape, density, viscosity of the medium and rotor speed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000861 Promethion multiplexed metabolic phenotyping analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000254 body movement/behavior method The Promethion Metabolic /Behavioral Phenotyping System analyzes rat behaviors in real time with second-by-second data acquisition from all sensors. The system is configurable with devices for ingestive behavior studies and activity including cage movement and wheel running. The analysis is driven with SableHD™ (Sable Systems Int.) high-definition digital technology. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000862 single cell RNA-seq assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000659 RNA-seq assay This is a method which combines single cell isolation and RNA-seq, which assesses transcript expression and structure via high-throughput sequencing. Sample RNA is purified, fragmented, reverse transcribed to cDNA with the addition of sequencing primers, sequenced and analyzed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000595 hole-board test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000256 movement/behavior test enclosure method A test utilizing an enclosure consisting of a single area bordered by clear or opaque walls with the floor of the apparatus containing holes that the test subject can explore; interpreted as measuring exploratory and/or anxiety-related behaviors. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000620 food intake measuring method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000618 consumption measuring method A method used to quantify the consumption or ingestion of food, any solid or semi-solid with nutritional value that is brought into the mouth and swallowed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000627 virtual optometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000254 body movement/behavior method A method which employs a virtual reality system to quantify visuomotor behavior, that is, motor activity which is dependent on or involving sight. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000659 RNA-seq assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000641 transcript expression assay This is a method which assesses transcript expression and structure via high-throughput sequencing. Sample RNA is purified, fragmented, reverse transcribed to cDNA with the addition of sequencing primers, sequenced and analyzed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000629 blood cytokine analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000166 blood protein analysis Any method which measures one or more cytokines, any of a large group of low-molecular-weight proteins (~5-20 kDa in size) secreted by various cell types. Cytokines are involved in cell-to-cell communication, in coordinating antibody and T cell immune interactions, and in regulating immune reactivity. Cytokines include colony-stimulating factors, interferons, interleukins, lymphokines, and members of the TNF and TGF-beta superfamilies. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000586 wildness/tameness assessment method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000254 body movement/behavior method Any method to assess wildness, tameness, placidity and/or ease of handling of animals, for example, laboratory animals. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000657 in situ reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000643 in situ expression assay A method in which reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction is performed directly on tissue sections to assess transcript expression. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000664 high-throughput proteomic profiling http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000642 protein expression assay Any method which uses rapid, highly parallel techniques to identify and characterize, for example determine the levels of, a large number of proteins in a limited number of samples, a limited number of proteins in a large number of samples, or a large number of proteins in a large number of samples. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000649 high-throughput transcription profiling by microarray http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000648 high-throughput transcription profiling by array A method which assesses transcript expression by the use of a microarray, an ordered two dimensional collection of specific single-stranded DNA probes (either short oligonucleotides or longer DNA strands) densely packed into a small area. The array is hybridized to a labelled cDNA or RNA sample under high-stringency conditions. Detection of the labelled targets gives an indication of the presence and/or amount of that target in the original sample. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000626 vestibular system assessment method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000588 balance, coordination or strength assessment method A method used to measure function of the sensory system that is imperative to the sense of balance and spatial orientation for the purpose of coordinating movement with balance. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000604 three-chamber assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000256 movement/behavior test enclosure method A test utilizing an enclosure divided into three parts, used to assess a subject's reactivity to novel or familiar objects; in this context 'objects'may be inanimate or another organism, typically of the same species. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000617 flow cytometry method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000225 automated cell/particle size/count analysis method A method employed in cell counting, cell sorting, and biomarker detection by suspending cells in a stream of fluid and passing them through an electronic detection apparatus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000679 cell fractionation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000222 isolated cell method A type of fractionation where sub-cellular components are separated based on their physical properties such as density in a sucrose density gradient. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000665 high throughput proteomic profiling by mass spectrometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000664 high-throughput proteomic profiling The use of mass spectrometry as a rapid, highly parallel techniques to identify and characterize, for example determine the levels of, a large number of proteins in a limited number of samples, a limited number of proteins in a large number of samples, or a large number of proteins in a large number of samples. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000625 respiratory mechanics assessment method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method A method used to measure in vivo lung function including traditional resistance and compliance measurements; may also include mechanical properties of conducting airways, terminal airways, and parenchyma. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000668 high throughput proteomic profiling by antibody array http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000666 high throughput proteomic profiling by array A method which employs a two-dimensionally ordered arrangement of antibodies spotted on a solid substrate for the detection and quantification of their target antigens in one or more samples. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000599 modified SHIRPA test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000598 SHIRPA test A variation of the standardized SHIRPA test utilizing a viewing jar and/or an arena to assess muscle function, cerebellar function, sensory function, neuropsychiatric function, and dysmorphology by experimenter observation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000636 p-aminohippurate analysis by liquid phase colorimetry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000329 liquid phase colorimetry An assay to determine p-aminohippurate (PAH) content in a liquid sample by colorimetry. PAH clearance can be used to assess the effective renal plasma flow. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000652 ribonuclease protection assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000651 nuclease protection assay A nuclease protection assay in which the probe is RNA and the nuclease is one or more ribonucleases which preferentially cleave single-stranded RNA. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000651 nuclease protection assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000641 transcript expression assay A method in which single-stranded, discretely-sized antisense DNA or RNA probe(s) are hybridized in solution to a sample of RNA. Unhybridized probe and sample nucleotides are removed by digestion with one or more nucleases, enzymes which specifically cleave RNA, DNA or both. The remaining probe-target hybrids are analyzed, e.g. by electrophoresis and/or other detection methods. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000693 automated plasma low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000553 automated plasma analysis Method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in plasma. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000687 urine aldosterone analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000147 urine analysis Any test which measures the amount of aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, in urine. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000623 transepidermal water loss test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method A method used to measure water loss through the skin using an instrument which consists of two pairs of sensors to measure humidity and temperature gradients just above the skin's surface. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000834 automated plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000553 automated plasma analysis Method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure cholesterol carried in high-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles in plasma, the fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000867 DNA methylation assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000639 molecular method This is any method which assesses the extent of DNA methylation in cells or tissue. DNA methylation assays are molecular techniques used to detect, map, and quantify 5-methylcytosine (5mC) modifications in DNA, which regulate gene expression and serve as biomarkers for various diseases. There are many methods of DNA methylation assay that include bisulfite sequencing (single-base resolution), methylation-sensitive microarrays (high-throughput), and antibody-based enrichment (ELISA). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000868 high-throughput DNA methylation profiling by array http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000867 DNA methylation assay This is any method which assesses the extent of DNA methylation in cells or tissue by use of a high throughput array. Methylation arrays enable quantitative interrogation of methylation sites in specific regions of the genome or genome wide assessment (Epigenome-Wide Association Studies [EWAS]). Array-based methylation studies can provide important information related to the regulation of gene expression. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000869 single nucleus RNA-seq assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000659 RNA-seq assay This is a method which assesses transcript expression and structure in single cell nuclei. Following tissue processing and isolation of nuclei, sample RNA is purified, fragmented, reverse transcribed to cDNA with the addition of sequencing primers, sequenced and analyzed. Unlike single cell RNA-seq, this method does not require viable, intact cells and can be used on frozen or archived samples. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000691 automated plasma total cholesterol analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000553 automated plasma analysis Method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure total cholesterol in plasma. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000748 plasma 11-dehydrocorticosterone analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000747 blood 11-dehydrocorticosterone analysis A method which measures 11-dehydrocorticosterone in the plasma. 11-dehydrocorticosterone is an 11-oxo steroid that is corticosterone in which the hydroxy substituent at the 11beta position has been oxidized to give the corresponding ketone. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000714 microplate reader http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000704 photometry Instruments which are used to detect biological, chemical or physical events of samples in microtiter plates. Common detection modes for microplate assays are absorbance, fluorescence intensity, luminescence, time-resolved fluorescence, and fluorescence polarization. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000107 HP Sonos 5500 echo ultrasound http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000002 transthoracic echocardiography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000042 CM-5 lead electrocardiography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000003 electrocardiography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000082 isolated organ perfusion method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000004 isolated body part method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000054 tail cuff volume pressure recording http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000010 volume pressure recording http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000014 vascular transducer tipped catheter http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000011 vascular indwelling catheter method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000020 intravascular electromagnetic flow sensor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000011 vascular indwelling catheter method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000010 volume pressure recording http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000158 manual palpation method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000026 in vivo method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000205 balloon tipped catheter in isolated perfused heartr http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000028 isolated perfused heart method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000155 blood uric acid analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000030 ex vivo blood analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000044 Colin STBP-780 automated blood pressure monitor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000043 oscillometric sphygmomanometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000048 Dinamap 1846 SX/P blood pressure monitor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000043 oscillometric sphygmomanometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000045 large adult cuff Colin STBP-780 automated blood pressure monitor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000044 Colin STBP-780 automated blood pressure monitor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000046 adult cuff Colin STBP-780 automated blood pressure monitor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000044 Colin STBP-780 automated blood pressure monitor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000047 child cuff Colin STBP-780 automated blood pressure monitor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000044 Colin STBP-780 automated blood pressure monitor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000049 large adult cuff Dinamap 1846 SX/P blood pressure monitor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000048 Dinamap 1846 SX/P blood pressure monitor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000050 adult cuff Dinamap 1846 SX/P blood pressure monitor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000048 Dinamap 1846 SX/P blood pressure monitor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000051 child cuff Dinamap 1846 SX/P blood pressure monitor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000048 Dinamap 1846 SX/P blood pressure monitor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000059 small adult cuff Dinamap 1846 SX/P blood pressure monitor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000048 Dinamap 1846 SX/P blood pressure monitor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000060 thigh cuff Dinamap 1846 SX/P blood pressure monitor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000048 Dinamap 1846 SX/P blood pressure monitor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000056 large adult cuff auscultatory sphygmomanometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000055 auscultatory sphygmomanometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000057 adult cuff auscultatory sphygmomanometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000055 auscultatory sphygmomanometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000058 child cuff auscultatory sphygmomanometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000055 auscultatory sphygmomanometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000061 small adult cuff auscultatory sphygmomanometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000055 auscultatory sphygmomanometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000062 thigh cuff auscultatory sphygmomanometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000055 auscultatory sphygmomanometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000064 Hawksley random zero sphygomomanometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000063 random zero sphygmomanometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000065 adult cuff Hawksley random zero sphygomomanometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000064 Hawksley random zero sphygomomanometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000066 large adult cuff Hawksley random zero sphygomomanometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000064 Hawksley random zero sphygomomanometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000067 child cuff Hawksley random zero sphygomomanometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000064 Hawksley random zero sphygomomanometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000068 small adult cuff Hawksley random zero sphygomomanometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000064 Hawksley random zero sphygomomanometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000069 thigh cuff Hawksley random zero sphygomomanometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000064 Hawksley random zero sphygomomanometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000031 tail cuff plethysmography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000076 plethysmography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000084 isolated perfused liver method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000082 isolated organ perfusion method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000085 isolated perfused kidney method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000082 isolated organ perfusion method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000152 isolated perfused lung vascular effluent collection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000083 isolated perfused lung method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000197 fluid-filled catheter in isolated perfused lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000083 isolated perfused lung method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000116 Health-O-Meter balance beam Scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000086 balance beam platform medical scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000117 Detecto balance beam scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000086 balance beam platform medical scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000131 Seritex stadiometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000105 mechanical stadiometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000016 body weighing method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000119 body measuring method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000089 height scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000119 body measuring method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000121 Grafco fiberglass anthropometric tape http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000120 anthropometric tape http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000007 continuous flow air displacement plethysmography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000130 air displacement plethysmography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000022 stop flow air displacement plethysmography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000130 air displacement plethysmography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000032 automated standard complete blood count (CBC) test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000146 automated blood cell counting method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000144 automated total white blood cell count test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000146 automated blood cell counting method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000145 automated differential white blood cell count test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000146 automated blood cell counting method http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000182 machine read urine amylase test strip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000180 machine read urine test strip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000183 machine read urine glucose test strip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000180 machine read urine test strip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000184 machine read urine cortisol test strip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000180 machine read urine test strip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000188 machine read urine uric acid test strip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000180 machine read urine test strip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000203 fluid-filled catheter with pressure transducer in isolated perfused lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000197 fluid-filled catheter in isolated perfused lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000063 random zero sphygmomanometer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000201 sphygmomanometry http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000029 balloon tipped catheter with pressure transducer in isolated perfused heart http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000205 balloon tipped catheter in isolated perfused heartr http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000086 balance beam platform medical scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000217 scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000087 sliding weight scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000217 scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000101 pan type baby weighing scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000218 baby weighing scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000102 spring type baby weighing scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000218 baby weighing scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000103 beam type baby weighing scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000218 baby weighing scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000240 glucose uptake assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000239 cell-based biologic assay http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000307 plasma urea nitrogen analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000253 blood urea nitrogen analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000306 plasma creatinine analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000270 blood creatinine analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000208 wire myography using a Digi-Med tissue force analysis system with force transducer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000342 wire myography http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000416 in vivo television microscopy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000415 in vivo light microscopy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000674 isolated tissue free fatty acid measurement test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000526 isolated tissue lipid analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000139 automated serum magnesium test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000556 automated serum electrolyte analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000140 automated serum phosphate test http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000556 automated serum electrolyte analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000694 automated chemiluminescent-based plasma low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000693 automated plasma low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000692 automated chemiluminescent-based plasma total cholesterol analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000691 automated plasma total cholesterol analysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000695 optical coherence tomography Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging technique that uses low-coherence light to capture micrometer-resolution, two- and three-dimensional images from within optical scattering media (e.g., biological tissue). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000863 open field test with visual assessment of in vivo video recording An experimental method in which an animal (for example, a rat) is placed in an open field apparatus and the animal's reactions are recorded. These reactions are then evaluated, appraised or perceived by watching the stored sound- and image-based record of the organism. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000000 measurement method The manner, procedure or technique by which a morphological or physiological state or property in a single individual or sample or a group of individuals or samples is assessed and a quantitative or qualitative value assigned. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000338 western blot A multistep process in which a mixture of proteins is separated by gel electrophoresis, that is, separation of ionic solutes based on differences in rate of migration in an applied electric field using a semisolid colloid such as agarose or acrylamide as the support medium, followed by transfer to a membrane, usually composed of nitrocellulose, nylon or polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) and detection of specific proteins by binding of tagged or labelled antibodies. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000362 treadmill method with electric shock source A method that utilizes a device consisting of a continuous moving belt which allows a subject to walk or run while physically remaining in one place, containing an apparatus which delivers a relatively low voltage flow of electricity to the body if the subject leaves the belt. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000382 treadmill method with electric shock source and automated tracking A method that utilizes a device consisting of a continuous moving belt which allows a subject to walk or run while physically remaining in one place and incorporating both an apparatus which delivers a relatively low voltage flow of electricity to the body if the subject leaves the belt and a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to record output such as distance, speed, time, etc. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000461 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction A method which assesses transcript expression by conversion of an RNA template into complementary DNA (cDNA) by reverse transcription. The cDNA is used as a template for exponential amplification by the polymerase chain reaction, a technique which produces a large number of copies of one or more specific DNA sequences via multiple rounds of thermal cycling where DNA is melted, annealed to oligonucleotide primers, and extended using a thermostable DNA polymerase. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000462 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction Real-time PCR in which a sample of RNA is first reverse transcribed to convert the RNA into complementary DNA (cDNA) and then a quantitative real-time PCR reaction is carried out on the resulting sample. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000467 phospholipid analysis of serum lipoprotein fraction A laboratory test which measures the level of one or more phospholipids, phosphorous-containing lipids composed mainly of fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule, in a lipoprotein fraction of serum. Serum lipoprotein fractions are samples resulting from the separation of the components of serum on the basis of density, such as by density gradient ultracentrifugation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000506 glove test with visual analysis of video recording An experimental method in which an animal (for example, a rat) is placed in an experimental apparatus or test cage and subsequently presented with a gloved human hand, passively and/or with attempts to handle the animal and the animal's reactions are recorded. These reactions are then evaluated, appraised or perceived through the sense of sight by watching the stored sound- and image-based record of the organism. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000731 nociception measurement method A nociception assay that evaluates the ability of an animal, usually a rodent, to detect a noxious stimulus such as the feeling of pain, caused by stimulation of nociceptors. These assays measure the existence of pain through behaviors such as withdrawal, licking, immobility, and vocalization. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000735 automated plasma glucose analysis Method using a device designed to follow a predetermined sequence of individual operations repeatedly and essentially without external influence or control to measure glucose in plasma. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000761 Morris water maze with computer analysis of video recording This is an experimental method in which a subject is placed in an open pool of water with a submerged escape platform and the subject's movements are video recorded. These movements are then evaluated, appraised or perceived through computerized analysis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000864 elevated plus maze test with visual assessment of in vivo video recording An experimental method in which an animal (for example, a rat) is placed in an open field apparatus and the animal's reactions are recorded. These reactions are then evaluated, appraised or perceived by watching the stored sound- and image-based record of the organism. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000681 co-fractionation A type of fractionation evidence resulting from a protein fractionated with other compounds, factors, or macromolecules. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000035 digital scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBO_REL#_part_of part_of