Term IRI Term label Parent term IRI Parent term label Alternative term Definition http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003169 dermatocranium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003075 cranium Subdivision of skeleton that includes all dermal bones in the cranial skeleton. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003192 right atrium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003165 cavitated compound organ The chamber of the heart that receives blood from the sinus venosus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000472 iridophore http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003014 pigment cell A pigment cell that is derived from the neural crest and gives silver, gold, or iridescent color to skin cells, classified based on their iridescent hue which arises from purine-containing reflecting platelets called iridisomes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003182 branchial arch skeleton 2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003180 branchial arch skeleton Skeletal and cartilaginous elements of the second branchial or pharyngeal arch. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005046 caudal tuberal region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The caudal zone of the tuberal region of the hypothalamus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003004 whole organism http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003000 anatomical structure Anatomical structure that is an individual member of Xenopus laevis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000046 NF stage 31 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 31, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 day, 13 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Tail bud equally long as broad. Length: 4.2 - 4.8 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001011 blood vessel http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Any of the vessels through which blood circulates in the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004466 serous membrane http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Multi-tissue structure that comprises a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000088 upper blastopore lip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Dorsal part of the blastopore lip, which forms as a result of the contraction of bottle cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000030 NF stage 10.25 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 10.25, corresponding to an embryo of age 10 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Early gastrula stage. First formation of dorsal blastopore groove; the groove is still straight. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000341 aortic arch http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000114 artery One of a series of six paired embryological vascular structures that give rise to several major arteries. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004091 non-neural ectoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The portion of the embryonic ectoderm, including the preplacodal ectoderm, that does not give rise to nervous tissue. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004086 presumptive midbrain-hindbrain boundary http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Part of the neural ectoderm that will become the embryonic midbrain-hindbrain boundary. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000028 NF stage 2- http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 2-, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Beginning of first cleavage. First cleavage groove has not yet reached vegetal pole. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003237 cementoblast http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A cell of ectomesenchymal origin concerned with the formation of the layer of cementum on the roots of teeth. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004405 Leydig cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003249 epithelial cell A type of special epithelial cell that secretes mucus into the subsurface extracellular compartments of the epidermis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003135 sclerotome of tail somite 14 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000397 sclerotome Compartment of tail somite 14 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000094 gastrocoel roof plate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue A transient ciliated epithelium that arises from the involuting superficial mesoderm, forming the dorsal surface of the archenteron space of the embryo. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004426 m. levator mandibulae longus profundus primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004455 cranial muscle primordium The presumptive cells of the levator mandibulae longus profundus muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004486 organ part http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003000 anatomical structure Anatomical structure that has as its direct parts two or more types of tissue and is continuous with one or more anatomical structures likewise constituted by two or more portions of tissues distinct from those of their complement. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004329 m. levator mandibulae longus profundus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004323 mandibular head muscle Muscle that is part a complex that arises from the skull roof and acts to elevate or close the lower jaw. After separating from levator mandibulae longus superficialis, it parallels it and inserts in the connective tissue. Only at later stages, its rostral third is slightly curved laterally and inserts in the region of the anlage of the tentacular cartilage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004453 m. obliquus inferior primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004455 cranial muscle primordium The presumptive cells of the obliquus inferior muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004303 pretectum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Multi-tissue structure that is the dorsal part of the diencephalon and the major sensory input to which is visual. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004475 myocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A mature contractile cell, which has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns. Found in muscle tissue, myocytes are long, tubular cells that arise developmentally from myoblasts to form muscle. There are specialized forms: cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle myocytes, with various properties. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004467 zygote cortex http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part Cell component comprising the outer layers of the zygote. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004227 dorsal tegmentum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Region of the mesencephalon that arises from a small area of the neural plate immediately adjacent and slightly anterior to the ventral tegmentum area. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004324 hyoid head muscle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004322 cranial muscle Any of the bilateral hyoid arch muscles innervated by cranial nerve VII. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004277 caudal fin skeleton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004282 median fin skeleton Median fin skeleton supporting the caudal fin. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004391 trochlear motornucleus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The nucleus of the trochlear nerve (cranial nerve IV). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004462 dorsal endoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Single cell layer of involuted endoderm lying beneath the prechordal plate. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004281 median fin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000002 fin Fin that is an unpaired fin located in the sagittal plane of the organism. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004240 branchial vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein Type of vein that drains the gill region and which passes backwards lateral to the gill chambers and opens into the pronephric sinus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004370 processus articularis palatoquadrati http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element Cartilaginous element comprising the articular process that forms the jaw joint with the posterior end of Meckel's cartilage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005322 tadpole http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003004 whole organism An organism at the tadpole stage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005323 lymphoblast http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003055 hematopoietic stem cell An immature cell which typically differentiates to form a mature lymphocyte. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005324 anterior lateral line ganglion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004457 lateral line ganglion Ganglion that develops from a cranial ectodermal placode and contains sensory neurons that innervate the anterior lateral line system. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005325 syndetome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Subdomain that occupies the dorso-lateral portion of a somite and comprises tendon progenitor cells. It is located between the neighboring sclerotome and myotome, at the future site of connection between bone and muscle, and gives rise to the axial tendons of the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005326 axon microtubule bundle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part An arrangement of closely apposed microtubules running parallel to each other in the axon hillock and initial segment. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005327 chordal neural crest http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Neural crest comprising sacral, vagal, and trunk neural crest. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005422 septum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue A wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005423 anterior notochord http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The anterior portion of the notochord. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005424 posterior notochord http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The posterior portion of the notochord. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005425 transient tracheoesophageal septum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005422 septum Temporary septum formed from epithelial tissue dividing the esophagus from the trachea. After mesenchymal invasion this gives rise to the permanent tissue separating the esophagus from the trachea. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005426 tracheoesophageal fold http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Any of the longitudinal folds in the respiratory diverticulum that fuse to form the tracheoesophageal septum, which separates the esophagus from the trachea. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004083 rhombomere R5 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004079 rhombomere The 5th segment of the developing hindbrain, between rhombomeres r4 and r6, and dorsal to branchial arch 3. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003253 ligament cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell Type of cell that is capable of generating and maintaining the fibrous connective tissue of the ligament. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003133 sclerotome of trunk somite 13 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000397 sclerotome Compartment of trunk somite 13 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005070 sulcus limitans of neural tube http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003028 surface structure A shallow, longitudinal groove separating the developing gray matter into a basal and alar plates along the length of the neural tube. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003077 presacral vertebra http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004019 vertebra The vertebra anterior to the sacral vetebra. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004156 hyaloid vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004154 hyaloid blood vessel Vein internal to the eye. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001002 lung primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Anterior endoderm that develops into the lung buds, and in turn, the lungs. A pair of lateral diverticula just over the liver rudiment is formed by the floor of the foregut just anterior to the liver diverticulum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000279 vegetal blastomere http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003016 blastomere Unpigmented, larger blastomere of the vegetal (lower) hemisphere of the cleaving embryo. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004065 ventral fin margin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005171 fin margin Fin margin which is part of the ventral fin. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004108 regenerating tail http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004059 regenerating tissue A portion of tail tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005283 non-neurogenic ectodermal placode http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000305 cranial placode Ectodermal placode that does not develop into a component of the nervous system. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005284 sarcomere http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part The repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005285 spindle microtubule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005122 microtubule Any microtubule that is part of a mitotic or meiotic spindle; anchored at one spindle pole. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005286 astral microtubule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005285 spindle microtubule Any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005287 jaw muscle primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004455 cranial muscle primordium The presumptive cells of the jaw muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005288 pial cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A cell of the pia mater, the delicate fibrous meningeal coverings of the CNS. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005289 pia mater http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The innermost delicate fibrous meningeal coverings of the CNS. It is closely adherent to the brain tissue and is composed of one to several layers of flattened, modified fibroblasts and the ECM (collagen and elastic fibers, etc.) they produce. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005290 Roux spot http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part The unpigmented maturation spot which indicates germinal vesicle breakdown and thus maturation of an oocyte. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005291 buccopharyngeal membrane http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure A 1-2 cell layer membrane comprising cells from the stomodeum and underlying endodermal layer. Perforation of this structure creates an opening connecting the external and the digestive tube which is essential for oral cavity formation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005292 nasociliary nerve http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005309 cephalic nerve Cephalic nerve that innervates the nasal cavity and the eye. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005293 maxillary nerve http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005309 cephalic nerve Cephalic nerve that innervates the maxillary sinus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005294 mandibular nerve http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005309 cephalic nerve Cephalic nerve that innervates the lower jaw. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005295 frontal nerve http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005309 cephalic nerve Cephalic nerve that is the largest branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005296 adherens junction http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part A cell junction at which anchoring proteins (cadherins or integrins) extend through the plasma membrane and are attached to actin filaments. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005297 foregut epithelium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003200 gut epithelium The epithelium of the foregut. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005298 tracheal epithelium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003045 epithelium The epithelium of the trachea. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005299 esophageal epithelium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003045 epithelium The epithelium of the esophagus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005300 stomach epithelium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003200 gut epithelium The epithelium of the stomach. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005301 ventral endoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Ventral region of early embryonic endoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005302 posterior endoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Posterior region of the developing endoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005303 anterior endoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Anterior region of the developing endoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005304 dorsal endomesoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Dorsal region of early embryonic endomesoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005305 ventral endomesoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Ventral region of early embryonic endomesoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005306 anterior endomesoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Anterior region of the developing endomesoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005307 posterior endomesoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Posterior region of the developing endomesoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005308 atrioventricular valve http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue A cardial valve in the atrioventricular region that separates the atrium from the ventricle and prevents backflow from the ventricles into the atria during systole. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005309 cephalic nerve http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003047 nerve A nerve that is part of the head. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005311 myofibril http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part The contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle; a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005312 M band http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part The midline of aligned thick filaments in a sarcomere; location of specific proteins that link thick filaments. Depending on muscle type the M band consists of different numbers of M lines. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005313 actin cytoskeleton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of actin and associated proteins. Includes actin cytoskeleton-associated complexes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005314 prootic bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004018 endochondral bone Either of the paired endochondral bones forming the anterior and lateral walls of the otic capsules. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005315 retinal vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein Vein that is part of the periocular region. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005316 periocular mesenchyme http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004307 head mesenchyme Head mesenchyme that is part of the periocular region. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005317 neuron projection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005318 cortical actin cytoskeleton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part The portion of the actin cytoskeleton, comprising filamentous actin and associated proteins, that lies just beneath the plasma membrane. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005319 actin filament http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part A filamentous structure formed of a two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin and associated proteins. Actin filaments are a major component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle and the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005320 roof of mouth http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure A multi-tissue structure consisting of bone and soft tissue that forms a part of the roof of the oral cavity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005321 intercanthal region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Region of the face between the two inner (medial) canthi of the eye. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005049 prethalamus basal plate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The ventral half of the developing neural tube that is the prethalamus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004011 axial skeleton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004289 skeletal subdivision Anatomical cluster of the central body axis including the cranium, vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000331 mesonephric early proximal tubule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000148 mesonephric tubule Structure that is equivalent to the convoluted proximal tubule of metanephric nephrons. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000297 animal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003185 anatomical direction Anatomical direction relating to the animal pole or hemisphere. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000047 NF stage 32 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 32, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 day, 16 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Eye cup horse-shoe-shaped, standing out distinctly. Length of tail bud about 1.5 times its breadth. Length: 4.5 - 5.1 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004407 proximal mesenchyme http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003046 mesenchyme Mesenchyme that occupies the proximal region of a limb bud. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004338 m. transversus anterior http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004325 branchial head muscle Muscle situated between the planum hypobranchiale and the basihyobranchial, presumably to stabilize the connection between these elements. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004492 cleavage furrow http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure The physical groove that forms between cells at the first cell division. One-celled oocytes (NF stage 1) undergo cytoplasmic reorganization driven by sperm entry in the animal pole, where the cleavage furrow initiates, and it moves circumferentially along a line of longitude as well as progressing inwards through the cytoplasm, ultimately dividing the fertilized oocyte into two cells of equal size, defining NF stage 2. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004218 palatoquadrate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The dorsal component of the mandibular arch, the ventral one being Meckel's cartilage. Together with the ceratohyal and connecting musculature, it is responsible for the ventilation and irrigation of the filter apparatus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004287 vertebral centrum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004012 skeletal element Skeletal element that surrounds the notochord. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004231 barbel http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003028 surface structure A single long structure at each corner of the mouth that has muscle fibers attached to an internal cartilaginous support and that is mobile. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000058 NF stage 46 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 46, corresponding to a tadpole of age 4 days, 10 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Edge of operculum becoming convex. Xantophores appearing on eye and abdomen. Intestine showing 2 to 2.5 revolutions. Hindlimb bud visible for the first time. Length: 9 - 12 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000314 trunk somite http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000058 somite Any of the somites that are posterior to the head and anterior to the tail. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004062 tail fin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000002 fin The fin at the posterior part of the body of the tadpole. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003098 cerebellum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure A dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004344 mm. constrictores branchiales II http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004325 branchial head muscle Muscle that arises on part of the chondrocranium and passes to the ventro-lateral region of the cerato-branchialia. It originates on the ventrolateral process of the palatoquadrate. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004225 non-ciliated epithelial cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003249 epithelial cell Type of cell of the epidermis lacking cilia, which separate and space the ciliated epidermal cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000420 trunk somite 12 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000314 trunk somite The 10th somite located posterior to the head. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004522 premigratory neural crest cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell Cell that is part of the neural crest region of the neuroepithelium, prior to migration. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004398 wound epidermis inner layer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004059 regenerating tissue Regenerating tissue that forms the inner or basal layer of wound epidermis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004217 motor neuron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003023 neuron An efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005195 enteric nervous system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000177 nervous system The mesh-like system of enteric neurons that innervate the gastrointestinal tract, with neurons embedded in the lining of the gastrointestinal system, beginning at the esophagus and extending down to the cloaca. The ENS can and does operate independently of the brain and the spinal cord. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005196 neutrophil http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003239 circulating cell A type of blood cell which is part of the innate immune system and is quickly recruited to sites of injury. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005197 lateral preplacodal ectoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue One of the 3 domains of the U-shaped preplacodal ectoderm, lying between the anterior PPE and posterior PPE domains. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005198 cardiac atrium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003165 cavitated compound organ Cardiac chamber in which blood enters the heart. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005199 peripheral ganglion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000209 ganglion Type of ganglia in the trunk region that connect the central nervous system with organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands, and are exclusively derived from trunk neural crest cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005200 anatomical axis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004003 anatomical line A straight line through space, intersecting an anatomical entity. Axis directions are defined in terms of axes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005201 animal-vegetal axis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005200 anatomical axis An axis that extends from the animal end of an egg or early embryo to the opposite, vegetal end. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005202 anterior-posterior axis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005200 anatomical axis An axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005203 dorsal-ventral axis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005200 anatomical axis An axis that is approximately perpendicular to the anterior-posterior axis and that extends through the horizontal plane of the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005204 left-right axis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005200 anatomical axis An axis that bisects an organism from left to right sides of body, through a sagittal plane. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005205 anatomical side http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region An anatomical region bounded by a plane perpendicular to an axis through the middle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005206 anterior side http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005205 anatomical side An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure anterior to a transverse plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005207 posterior side http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005205 anatomical side An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure posterior to a transverse plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005208 dorsal side http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005205 anatomical side An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure dorsal to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same horizontal plane. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005209 ventral side http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005205 anatomical side An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure ventral to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same horizontal plane. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005210 left side http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005205 anatomical side The side of an organism that is left of the sagittal plane. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005211 right side http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005205 anatomical side The side of an organism that is right of the sagittal plane. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005212 proximal-distal axis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005200 anatomical axis An axis that extends from the point of attachment of a structure (proximal) to the point furthest away from the plane of attachment (distal). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005213 apical region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Anatomical region located on the apical end on the body or body part. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005214 axial region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Anatomical region that runs down the center (axis) of the body, encompassing everything exept the limbs. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005215 basal region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Anatomical region located basally on the body or body part. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005216 anterior region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Anatomical region anteriorly located on the body or body part. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005217 posterior region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Anatomical region posteriorly located on the body or body part. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005218 dorsal region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Anatomical region dorsally located on the body or body part. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005219 ventral region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Anatomical region ventrally located on the body or body part. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005220 medial region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Anatomical region medially located on the body or body part. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005221 antero-dorsal region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Anatomical region that overlaps the anterior and dorsal regions of a body or body part. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005222 antero-ventral region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Anatomical region that overlaps the anterior and ventral regions of a body or body part. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005223 postero-dorsal region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Anatomical region that overlaps the posterior and dorsal regions of the body or body part. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005224 postero-ventral region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Anatomical region that overlaps the posterior and ventral regions of a body or body part. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005225 otic capsule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004017 endochondral element The capsule surrounding the inner ear components. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005226 migrating myoblast http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003015 myoblast Any of the muscle precursor cells which emerge from the lower margin of the trunk somites, appear in a segmented pattern, and move through the lateral regions of the embryo to form the hypaxial muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005227 flexural organ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Tissue that is the most anterior portion of the notochord and secretes Reissner's fiber-related proteins, including F-spondin. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005228 efferent neuron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003023 neuron A neuron that transmits nerve impulses away from the central nervous system to the muscles or glands. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005229 afferent neuron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003023 neuron A neuron that transmits nerve impulses to the central nervous system from sensory stimuli. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005230 larval alimentary system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000125 alimentary system The alimentary system of a postembryonic, hatched or immature tadpole, prior to metamorphosis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005231 cloacal sphincter http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The developing muscle surrounding the caudal end of the cloaca. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005232 ionocyte, alpha subtype http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004085 ionocyte One of the two types of proton-secreteing cells (PSC) in amphibian skin, which play an important role in ion transport, alpha-PSCs are characterised by expression of slc4a1 (ae1) and localization of H+v-ATPases at the apical plasma membrane. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005233 ionocyte, beta subtype http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004085 ionocyte One of the two types of proton-secreteing cells (PSC) in amphibian skin, which play an important role in ion transport, beta-PSCs are characterised by expression of pendrin and localization of the H+v-ATPase cytosolically or basolaterally in the plasma membrane. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005234 small secretory cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell One of the four cell types that are found in bilayered epithlium of the larval epidermis (the others being goblet cells, multicilliated cells, and ionocytes) and have an abundance of large apical secretory vesicles and secrete a glyocoprotein with antimicrobial properties. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005235 dorsal telencephalon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The dorsal part of the telencephalon. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005236 intestinal stem cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003054 stem cell Type of adult stem cells that are induced by thyroid hormone (TH) and, during intestinal remodeling during metamorphosis, newly generate the absorptive epithelium. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005240 regenerating lens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004059 regenerating tissue Tissue of the lens that is re-growing after damage or amputation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005241 superficial layer of neurectoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Layer of neurectoderm that develops into the roof plate of the spinal cord. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005242 posterior neural fold http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The posterior portions of the U-shaped neural folds, the two longitudinal dorsal ridges caused by a folding up of the ectoderm, which appear on either side of the middle line of the early neurula embryo. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005243 embryonic kidney http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003267 kidney A transient kidney that functions in embryos of amphibians (and fish) while the mesonephros (which continue to grow into adult kidneys) are developing and before they are fully functional. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005244 adult kidney http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003267 kidney Either of the pair of structures lying on either side of the dorsal aorta in which fluid balance is regulated and waste is excreted out in the form of urine. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005245 neurenteric canal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The most posterior zone of the neural tube, first evident at NF stage 17, which develops where the neural tube passes into the archenteron roof around the dorsal blastoporal lip, becoming deeper during late neurula stages. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005246 migratory trunk neural crest cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004069 migratory neural crest cell Migratory neural crest cell that is part of the trunk neural crest. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005247 hindgut endoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Endoderm that is part of the hindgut. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005248 dorsal posterior hindgut endoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Dorsal part of the posterior hindgut endoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005249 ventral posterior hindgut endoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Ventral part of the posterior hindgut endoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005250 posterior hindgut endoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Posterior part of the hindgut endoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005251 anterior hindgut endoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Anterior part of the hindgut endoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005254 apical junction complex http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part A functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells, which in vertebrates is composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens, and desmosomes. Functions in the regulation of cell polarity, tissue integrity and intercellular adhesion and permeability. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005255 filopodium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part Thin, stiff, actin-based protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast, an axonal or dendritic growth cone, or a dendritic shaft. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005260 ventral trunk http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003013 organism subdivision Part of the trunk located on the ventral side of the organism. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005261 posterior tail http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The posterior part of the tail. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005262 anterior dorsal fin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The anterior part of the dorsal fin. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005263 anterior neuroectoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Neuroectoderm that is located on the anterior side of the organism. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005264 dorsal tail http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003013 organism subdivision Part of the tail located on the dorsal side of the organism. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005265 dorsal trunk http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003013 organism subdivision Part of the trunk located on the dorsal side of the organism. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005266 thrombocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A cell type that produces platelets and coagulating factors that react to bleeding from blood vessel injury by clumping, thereby initiating a blood clot. In amphibians, embryonic and adult thrombocytes have different origins and potentially different gene expression markers. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005267 embryonic thrombocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005266 thrombocyte A cell type that produces platelets and coagulating factors that react to bleeding from blood vessel injury by clumping, thereby initiating a blood clot; and that, in embryos, emerge from the ventral mesoderm, just anterior to the ventral blood island. Embryonic thrombocytes are identified by cd41/itga2b.1 gene expression. Additional waves of emergence during development may occur but have not yet been described. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005268 adult thrombocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005266 thrombocyte A cell type that produces platelets and coagulating factors that react to bleeding from blood vessel injury by clumping, thereby initiating a blood clot; and that, in adults, develop from hematopoietic stem cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005269 regenerating pelvic girdle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004059 regenerating tissue Pelvic girdle tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005280 ventro-lateral region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Anatomical region that overlaps the ventral and lateral regions of a body or body part. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005281 dorso-lateral region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Anatomical region that overlaps the dorsal and lateral regions of a body or body part. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005282 yolk platelet http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part An organelle that contains yolk for consumption during embryogenesis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000453 branchial arch 4 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000099 branchial arch The fourth in a series of paired bars in the wall of the pharynx, within which are formed the fourth aortic arch and the cartilage bar of the visceral skeleton; forms and supports the gills. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005006 right http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003185 anatomical direction Spatial concept pertaining to being located on or directed toward the side of the body to the east when facing north. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004049 perichondrium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001017 connective tissue A layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the cartilage of developing bone, consisting of two separate layers: an outer fibrous layer and inner chondrogenic layer. The fibrous layer contains fibroblasts, which produce collagenous fibers. The chondrogenic layer remains undifferentiated and can form chondroblasts or chondrocytes. Perichondrium is a type of connective tissue, and also functions in the growth and repair of cartilage. Once vascularized, the perichondrium becomes the periosteum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004510 melanoblast http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell Type of precursor cell from which melanophores develop. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000084 involuted ventral mesoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Ventral mesoderm that has grown and curled inward during gastrulation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004109 regenerating eye http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004059 regenerating tissue A portion of eye tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000044 NF stage 28 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 28, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 day, 8 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Fin extending up to anus. Fin broadened and distinctly divided into outer transparent and inner translucent band. Length: 3.8 - 4.0 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004021 cell condensation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003000 anatomical structure Anatomical structure that is an aggregation of similar cells from which cartilages and bones form, and from which chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are initiated during repair and/or regeneration. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004046 odontoid tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004038 skeletal tissue Skeletal tissue that is part of the exoskeleton and derived from an odontogenic papilla. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000316 epicardium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The inner layer of the pericardium that is in contact with the surface of the heart. During cardiac development, it is the source of multipotent mesenchymal cells, which give rise to endothelial and smooth muscle cells in coronary vessels and also, possibly, to cardiomyocytes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004413 hindlimb digit 3 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003035 hindlimb digit The 3rd most posterior, or middle, of the hind digits, consisting of a single metatarsal, 3 phalanges, and a claw. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000363 occipitovertebral artery http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000114 artery One of paired arteries that extends dorsally from the systemic arch to supply the muscles of the jaw and back. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003246 electrically active cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A cell whose function is determined by the generation or the reception of an electric signal. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004585 telencephalon septum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005422 septum Gray matter structure located on the midline of the forebrain consisting of the septum pellucidum and the septal nuclei. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003261 olfactory epithelial support cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A non-ciliated columnar cell that extends from the epithelial free margin to the basement membrane of the olfactory epithelium. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004123 atrioventricular canal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The part of the heart connecting the atrium to the cardiac ventricle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000215 central nervous system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000177 nervous system The part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord, to which sensory impulses are transmitted and from which motor impulses pass out, and that supervises and coordinates the activity of the entire nervous system. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005038 nucleus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part A membrane-bounded organelle of in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, it contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000063 pronephric duct http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004000 duct Duct that drains urine from the pronephros and connects it to the cloaca. It is thought that the pronephric duct may play a key role in the induction of the mesonephric (adult) kidney. The most anterior part of the pronephric duct shows distinct gene expression patterns and is sometimes referred to as DT2. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003198 visual system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003194 sensory system The sensory system used for sight. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000202 animal hemisphere http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Anatomical region that is pigmented (dark brown) and tends to have the uppermost orientation, as it contains the blastocoel and cells that contain only small amounts of yolk. The Xenopus egg is divided into two roughly equal halves: the animal and vegetal hemispheres. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004283 paired appendage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000218 appendage Appendage that is one of the anterior or posterior paired appendages (i.e. the forelimbs and hindlimbs). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004307 head mesenchyme http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003046 mesenchyme Mesoderm that will give rise, along with cranial neural crest cells, to connective tissue, bone and musculature in the head. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000376 omphalomesenteric vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein Any of the veins in the embryo that return blood from the yolk sac to the heart or later to the portal vein. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003262 oxygen accumulating cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A cell that is specialized to accumulate oxygen. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000425 tail somite 17 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003143 tail somite The 15th somite located posterior to the head. This somite is resorbed at metamorphosis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000074 involuting marginal zone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000068 marginal zone Portion of the marginal zone of the embryo that turns inside the embryo during involution. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004295 forelimb stylopod http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004263 stylopod Stylopod (the limb segment closest to the body) that is part of a forelimb. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005154 plasma membrane http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005169 left-right organizer primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003043 primordium The presumptive cells of the organizing region which is formed by the posterior layer of the gastrocoel roof plate during early neurulation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005170 left-right organizer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Region which is formed by the posterior layer of the gastrocoel roof plate during neurulation and has functionality in determining organ and axis symmetry. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005171 fin margin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The outermost extent of a fin, comprising a region of high cell replication during anterior-posterior axis extension throughout the tadpole stages. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005172 left blastomere http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003016 blastomere The blastomere of the future left side of the embryo at the 2-cell stage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005173 right blastomere http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003016 blastomere The blastomere of the future right side of the embryo at the 2-cell stage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005174 left-dorsal blastomere http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003016 blastomere The blastomere of the future left-dorsal portion of the embryo at the 4-cell stage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005175 right-dorsal blastomere http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003016 blastomere The blastomere of the future right-dorsal portion of the embryo at the 4-cell stage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005176 left-ventral blastomere http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003016 blastomere The blastomere of the future left-ventral portion of the embryo at the 4-cell stage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005177 right-ventral blastomere http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003016 blastomere The blastomere of the future right-ventral portion of the embryo at the 4-cell stage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005178 monociliated epidermal cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005137 monociliated cell A ciliated epidermal cell that has a single cilium. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005179 multiciliated epidermal cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005139 multiciliated cell A ciliated epidermal cell that has more than one cilium. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005180 multiciliated cell precursor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell Cell type that gives rise to multiciliated cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005181 ascending interneuron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004267 interneuron An interneuron which grows from the soma in an ascending (from tail to head) direction. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005182 descending interneuron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004267 interneuron An interneuron which grows from the soma in a descending (from head to tail) direction. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005183 commissural interneuron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004267 interneuron An interneuron which starts to grow on one side of the body and navigates in the ventral direction. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005184 dorsolateral ascending neuron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003023 neuron An ascending neuron, originating in the spinal cord, that is involved in the touch sensory pathway and lies adjacent to the Rohon-Beard neurons and close to the roof plate of the spinal cord. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005185 dorsolateral commissural neuron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003023 neuron A commissural neuron, originating in the spinal cord, that is involved in the touch sensory pathway and lies adjacent to the Rohon-Beard neurons and close to the roof plate of the spinal cord. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005186 adenohypophysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The glandular, anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (hypophysis). It regulates several physiological processes including stress, growth, and reproduction. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005187 neurohypophysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (hypophysis). It is largely a collection of axonal projections from the hypothalamus that terminate behind the anterior pituitary, and serve as a site for the secretion of neurohypophysial hormones (oxytocin and vasopressin) directly into the blood. It is not glandular as is the anterior pituitary. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005188 pars distalis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Structure which comprises the majority of the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) and where the bulk of pituitary hormone production occurs. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005189 pars nervosa http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Structure which constitutes the majority of the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) and that is the storage site of oxytocin and vasopressin. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005190 pars intermedia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004486 organ part The boundary between the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary (hypophysis). It contains three types of cells: basophils, chromophobes, and colloid-filled cysts. The cysts are the remainder of Rathke's pouch. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005191 ethmoid bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004018 endochondral bone An unpaired bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain. It is located at the roof of the nose, between the two orbits. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005192 ethmoid region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster Anatomical cluster comprising the most anterior region of the braincase and providing structural support for the peripheral olfactory organ. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005193 lateral nasal prominence http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure The lateral area of the two branches of a horseshoe-shaped mesenchymal swelling in the future nasal region of the embryo. It separates the olfactory pit from the developing eye. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005194 medial nasal prominence http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure The central area of the two limbs of a horseshoe-shaped mesenchymal swelling that lie medial to the olfactory placode or pit in the future nasal region of the embryo. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000078 blastopore lip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure The edge of the blastopore. Local invagination is caused by narrowing of bottle cells at the exterior edge of the blastula. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004014 membrane bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004276 bone element Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000384 medial cardinal vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein Vein that gives rise to the interrenal vein and pronephric sinus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000073 NF stage 61 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 61, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 48 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Head narrower. Tentacles considerably shortened, mostly curved backwards. Length of n. olfactorius equal to diameter of bulbus olfactorius. 4th arterial arch seen just in front of adult skin area of forelimb. Openings of gill chambers considerably narrowed. Forelimb at level of posterior half of heart. Adult skin area on abdomen covering posterior half of heart. Fins considerably reduced. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000051 NF stage 39 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 39, corresponding to an embryo of age 2 days, 8 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Melanophores appearing around nasal pits. Opening of stomodeal invagination transversely elongated. Melanophores on back arranged in a superficial and a deeper layer. Outlines of proctodeum and tail myotomes forming angle of about 135 degrees. Melanophores appearing along ventral edge of tail musculature. Length: 5.9 - 6.5 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000057 presomitic mesoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004199 enameloid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004046 odontoid tissue Skeletal tissue that is hypermineralized and aprismatic and deposited by a combination of ameloblasts and odontoblasts that are excluded from the matrix. It develops from pre-enameloid tissue. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000272 Jacobson's organ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure An auxiliary olfactory sense organ involved in the detection of pheromones. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004070 hypothalamus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Multi-tissue structure that is part of the diencephalon ventral to the thalamus consisting of connecting fibers and is a center for control of the autonomous nervous system. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000373 duct of Cuvier http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein Bilaterally paired longitudinal vein; the anterior cardinal returns blood from the head, and the posterior cardinal returns it from the trunk; these two vessels join together on each side as the common cardinal vein, also known as the duct of Cuvier that leads to the heart's sinus venosus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000001 NF stage 1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 1, corresponding to an embryo of age 0 hr and having the following external morphological criteria: One cell stage, shortly after fertilization. Pigmentation darker ventrally than dorsally. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000075 NF stage 63 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 63, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 51 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Head narrower than trunk. Tentacles mostly disappeared. Corner of mouth at level of caudal border of eye. "Larval aorta" and thymus gland no longer externally visible. Operculum closed. Adult skin areas on abdomen and lower jaw separated by narrow band of larval skin. Forelimb at level of anterior half of heart. Fin mostly perforated near anus. Tail still slightly longer than body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000276 splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the circulatory system and future gut wall; it overlies endoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003044 endomesoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003011 primary germ layer Primary germ layer that can give rise to both mesoderm and endoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003086 suspensorium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster Anatomical cluster consisting of the mandibular structures which connect the base of the lower jaw with the skull. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004134 presumptive paraxial mesoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Presumptive structure that will develop into paraxial mesoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003117 myotome of trunk somite 5 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000315 myotome Compartment of trunk somite 5 that is a precursor of muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004465 endolymphatic duct http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004000 duct Canal that connects the membranous labyrinth of the ear with the endolymphatic sac. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004508 mandibular mesenchyme http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003046 mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a mandibular component. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000405 head somite 4 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000313 head somite Transient occipital somite that exists from NF stages 19 to late 30's. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000069 NF stage 57 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 57, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 41 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Pigment-free spot appearing above "Stirnorgan". Angle of elbow more than 90 degrees; fingers stretched out in forelimb atrium, their length about 7 times their breadth. Length: 75 - 105 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000093 archenteron floor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The layer of cells forming the ventral surface of the archenteron space of the embryo. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000028 epidermis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The outer epithelial layer of the external integument of the body that is derived from the primative or embryonic ectoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004085 ionocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004225 non-ciliated epithelial cell Specialized epithelial cells involved in the maintenance of osmotic homeostasis. They are characterized by abundant mitochondria and ion transporters. In Xenopus there are two distinct types of ionocytes, described as alpha- and beta- subtypes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005057 stria terminalis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster A structure in the brain consisting of a band of fibers running along the lateral margin of the ventricular surface of the thalamus. Serving as a major output pathway of the amygdala, it runs from its centromedial division to the ventral medial nucleus of the hypothalamus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003049 adipose tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Connective tissue in which fat is stored. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003078 sacral vertebra http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004019 vertebra The 9th vertebra, which arises from the trunk somites 9 and 10. It joins the illia laterally at NF stage 60 and later coalesces with the urostyle in the midline of the pelvic girdle to form a single unit in the adult frog. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004159 posterior cerebral vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004160 cerebral vein Vein that drains the dorsal longitudinal vessel and the caudal portions of the venous capillary network of the medulla oblongata. The cerebral veins cross the head dorsally at NF stage 37-38. It drains into the vena capitis lateralis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003187 medial http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003185 anatomical direction Spatial concept pertaining to being toward the middle or inside. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000079 prechordal plate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Mesodermal structure that lies anterior to the notochord and gives rise to head mesoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003222 inner limiting membrane http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Retinal layer composed of the basal lamina of Muller cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000007 tailbud stage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000012 embryonic stage Embryonic stage during which neurulation is completed and tail formation begins, visible by an emerging tail primordium; comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 22 to 44 (feeding), including the beginning of hatching (NF stage 35/36). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000090 prometamorphosis stage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000079 metamorphosing tadpole stage Metamorphosing tadpole stage during which toe differentiation and rapid hindlimb growth continue, comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 55 to 57. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003268 cardiac progenitor cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005033 progenitor cell Type of presumptive precardiac cell that lie as paired primordia 30 to 45 degrees on either side of the dorsal midline of the embryo. As gastrulation proceeds, these migrate laterally, eventually fusing at the anterior ventral midline, where they differentiate into cardiac tissue. They give rise to the linear heart tube of the fused heart primordium and derive from the cardiac crescent. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000054 trunk region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region The anatomical region of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004238 femur rudiment http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element A cartilaginous element that is the primordium or commencement of a femur. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003076 cervical vertebra http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004019 vertebra The first vertebra, which arises from the trunk somites 1 and 2. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000075 involuting marginal zone mesenchymal layer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Deep layers of the IMZ consisting of prospective migrating mesodermal cells (which will migrate into the interior and form the leading edge of the mesodermal mantle) and prospective converging and extending mesoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003025 trunk http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003013 organism subdivision Organism subdivision that is the part of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000399 tendon fibroblast http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003017 fibroblast An elongated fibroblast type cell, the cytoplasm of which is stretched between the collagen fibres of the tendon. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005023 granular gland http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005071 skin gland A surface structure principally responsible for the production of noxious or toxic secretion with an effect on numerous species of vertebrates. The glands are almost uniformly distributed, on both ventral and dorsal skin. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003005 female organism http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003004 whole organism Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000051 dorsal aorta http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003010 aorta Principal unpaired, median artery of the trunk, extending into the tail as the caudal artery. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004304 prethalamus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Multi-tissue structure forming the anterior part of the diencephalon and lying between the thalamus, hypothalamus, and eminentia thalami. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005004 adult intestinal epithelium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004008 simple columnar epithelium Epithelium that covers the small and large intestine in the adult frog. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000338 ventral aorta http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003010 aorta The outlet of the embryonic heart; lies in the floor of the pharynx and conducts blood from the bulbus arteriosis to the aortic arches (1-6). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005066 optic disc http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region The location where ganglion cell axons exit the eye to form the optic nerve. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003223 retinal ganglion cell layer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Innermost nuclear layer of the retina, consisting of retinal ganglion cells, containing neurons that project axons through the optic nerve to the brain. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000059 NF stage 47 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 47, corresponding to a tadpole of age 5 days, 12 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Tentacles larger. Edge of operculum forming quarter of a circle. Xantophores forming opaque layer on abdomen. Intestine showing 2.5 to 3.5 revolutions. Hindlimb bud more distinct. Length: 12 - 15 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000233 germ plasm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part A zone found in the cytoplasm of the egg cells that contains determinants that will give rise to the primordial germ cells. As the zygote undergoes mitotic divisions the germ plasm is ultimately restricted to a few cells of the embryo. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000196 sacculus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000214 auditory ossicle A major structure of the inner ear, ventral to the utriculus. Two small pouches extend from it: the papilla basilaris, and the papilla amphibiorum. The sacculus functions in the detection of sound. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000065 NF stage 53 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 53, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 24 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Fore- and hindlimbs in paddle stage. Hindlimb whithout foot somewhat longer than broad; 4th and 5th toe indicated. Length: 50 - 60 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003064 pelvic girdle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004289 skeletal subdivision Arched skeletal structure that supports the hindlimbs, begins to develop at NF stage 50, and is ossified by NF stage 66. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003140 myotome of tail somite 16 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000315 myotome Compartment of tail somite 16 that is a precursor of muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003101 spinal nerve http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003047 nerve A mixed nerve that carries motor, sensory, and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000081 unspecified stage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000000 Xenopus developmental stage Unspecified Xenopus developmental stage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001001 cranial neural crest http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The most anterior of 5 distinct and partially overlapping functional domains of the premigratory neural crest, which are intially part of the neural epithelium. CNC cells migrate through the extracelluar matrix in 4 highly conserved streams: the mandibular crest, hyoid crest, anterior branchial crest and the posterior branchial crest. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004502 mitotic cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A cell that is in the process of replication, and is idenitifable by chromosomal replication. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004381 trabecula cranii http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element Cartilaginous element comprising paired, rod-shaped cartilages, which develop in the head of the embryo. They are the primordia of the anterior part of the cranial base, and are derived from the cranial neural crest cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004233 truncus arteriosus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001011 blood vessel A cranial continuation of the bulbis cordis that contains two lateral branches and divides into the carotid arch, systemic arch, and pulmocutaneous arch. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004429 m. levator mandibulae externus primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004455 cranial muscle primordium The presumptive cells of the levator mandibulae externus muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000310 anterior neural fold http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The anterior U-shaped portion of the neural folds, the two longitudinal dorsal ridges, caused by a folding up of the ectoderm, that make their appearance on either side of the middle line of the early neural embryo. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004509 dorsal lateral plate mesoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the body wall lining and dermis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004445 m. rectus cervicis primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004455 cranial muscle primordium The presumptive cells of the rectus cervicis muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004271 midbrain tegmentum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Multi-tissue structure that is the ventral part of the midbrain. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004360 ceratobranchial II http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element The cartilaginous element below the epibranchial in branchial arch 2. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000210 spinal ganglion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000209 ganglion Type of ganglion that is a condensation of sensory neurons on the dorsal root of each spinal nerve. There is one pair of spinal ganglia per myotome, with the spinal ganglia of the trunk region larger and more distinct from each other than those of the tail region. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000072 NF stage 60 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 60, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 46 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: N. olfactorius still longer than bulbus olfactorius. Guanophores appearing on lower jaw (adult skin area). Openings of gill chambers still wide. Distal half of fingers of stretched forelimb extending beyond base of hindlimb; forelimb still situated behind level of heart. Adult skin area of base of forelimb covered with guanophores; anterior border of adult skin area on abdomen sharper, reaching up to heart. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003196 olfactory system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003194 sensory system The sensory system used for olfaction (the sense of smell). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000045 NF stage 29 and 30 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 29/30, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 day, 11 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Gray eye cup showing through for the first time. Fin transparent up to the base over its whole length. Tail bud distinct. Length: 4.0 - 4.5 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000063 NF stage 51 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 51, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 17 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Tentacles much longer. Forelimb bud oval-shaped in lateral aspect. Hindlimb bud conical in shape, its length about 1.5 times its breadth; melanophores appearing on it. Length: 28 - 36 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003234 alkali secreting cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A cell that secretes alkaline substances. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000066 endocardium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Part of the heart composed of thin serous membrane and endothelial tissue, that lines the interior of the heart. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004220 anteroventral lateral line placode http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000440 lateral line placode Lateral line placode that gives rise to the anteroventral lateral line nerve. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004208 adenohypophyseal placode http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005283 non-neurogenic ectodermal placode The small pre-placodal ectoderm area that develops at the midline of the anterior neural ridge, abutting the anterior neural plate, and invaginates to form Rathke's pouch, which in turn forms the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and gives rise to the endocrine secretory cells of the pituitary. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004236 posterior hypothalamus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Posterior part of the hypothalamus, given rise by the midanterior neural plate during forebrain morphogenesis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003241 early embryonic cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A cell found in the embryo before the formation of all the germ layers is complete. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003259 neuromast support cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A non-sensory cell of the neuromast that extends between the sensory hair cells from the basement membrane to the apical surface; neuromast support cells are surrounded by neuromast mantle cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004528 tail somite 18 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003143 tail somite The 16th somite located posterior to the head. This somite is resorbed at metamorphosis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005036 Eberth-Kastschenko layer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue A calcified dermal layer that is found between the stratum spongiosum and the stratum compactum of the skin. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000467 dorsal pancreatic bud http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003043 primordium The pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005035 Mauthner cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003023 neuron Any of a pair of large, easily identifiable, reticulospinal neurons at the level of the ear in the hindbrain. Importantly, they enable the escape reflex. Inner ear vestibular and auditory neurons form synapses on the lateral dendrite of the ipsilateral Mauthner cell, which in turn form synapses on contralateral spinal motor neurons to activate the C-start escape response. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000319 trunk neural crest http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005327 chordal neural crest Neural crest cells that migrate along two major pathways: through the somites, to populate the skin where they give rise to pigment cells; cells migrating along the lateral pathway generate sensory and sympathetic ganglia and adrenal chromaffin cells, among others. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004169 ophthalmic vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein The dorsal branch/remnant of the vena capitis medialis, that drains blood from the eye. Together with the opthalmic artery, form a double ring encircling the eye and retina. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004454 m. obliquus superior primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004455 cranial muscle primordium The presumptive cells of the obliquus superior muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004364 cornua trabecula http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element Cartilaginous element that supports the anterior end of the nasal organ. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004402 pseudoblastema http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004059 regenerating tissue Following amputation in late prometamorphosis or in young froglets, tissue comprising fibroblast-like cells in a limb stump that aggregate beneath the wound epithelia. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004516 blastocoel floor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The upper surface of the vegetal yolk mass which forms the floor for the blastocoel (cavity) of the early gastrula embryo. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004451 m. rectus inferior primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004455 cranial muscle primordium The presumptive cells of the rectus inferior muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004420 claw of hindlimb digit 4 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003103 claw Claw located at the end of the 4th hindlimb digit. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004378 palatoquadrati http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element Cartilaginous element comprising the dorsal component of the mandibular arch. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000101 liver diverticulum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure An out-pocket of thickened ventral foregut epithelium adjacent to the developing heart. Its anterior portion gives rise to the liver and intrahepatic biliary tree, while the posterior portion forms the gall bladder, hepato-pancreatic duct, hepato-pancreatic progenitor cells and the bile duct. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004029 hyaline cartilage tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000170 cartilage tissue Cartilage tissue primarily composed of type II collagen (thin fibrils) and a glassy appearance. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004480 forelimb digit 4 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003036 forelimb digit The second most anterior digit of a forelimb, consisting of a single metatarsal, 3 phalanges, and a claw. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000001 ectoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003011 primary germ layer Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000002 fin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003028 surface structure Surface structure that has an important role in tadpole locomotion. It starts to develop along the trunk and tail of the embryo at the tail bud stage and continues to grow until the start of metamorphosis when it begins to regress. It consists of flattened epidermal cells elevated into a keel-like structure by a supporting core of mesenchyme and extracellular matrix. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000008 lens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Transparent, biconvex structure in the eye that, along with the cornea, helps to refract light to be focused on the retina. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000009 retina http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Sensory membrane that lines the posterior chamber of the eye and functions as the immediate instrument of vision by receiving the image formed by the lens and converting it into chemical and nervous signals which reach the brain by way of the optic nerve. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000011 forebrain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The part of the brain that is the anterior of its three primary divisions and that includes the telencephalon and diencephalon. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000012 telencephalon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Part of the forebrain consisting of paired olfactory bulbs and cerebral hemispheres. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000013 diencephalon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure A division of the forebrain situated between the telencephalon and midbrain. In the developing brain it is the more posterior and ventral of two forebrain neuromeres, the other being the telencephalon; major derivatives are the eye vesicle, the brain pretectal region, the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus (including the habenula and epiphysis). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000014 midbrain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Middle part of the brain composed of the optic tectum and penducular region. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000015 hindbrain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The part of the brain that is the posterior of its three primary divisions. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000020 spinal cord http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003165 cavitated compound organ Long, thin, tubular structure made up of nervous tissue that extends from the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column, and from which the spinal nerves emerge. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000023 skin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003028 surface structure The organ covering the body that consists of the dermis and epidermis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000035 zygote http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell Cell formed by a fertilization event between male and female gametes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000041 epidermis inner layer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue A distinct layer of the epidermal cells beneath the outermost layer of epidermis, the multilayered epithelium derived from the ectoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000042 neuroectoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Embryonic ectoderm that gives rise to nervous tissue. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000050 mesoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003011 primary germ layer Primary germ layer that is the middle of the embryo's germ layers, between the endoderm and ectoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000058 somite http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Any of the approximately 45 bilaterally paired blocks of mesoderm cells, lying on either side of the notochord and neural tube, and forming sequentially starting at the head during development of the embryo. Together they give rise to the axial skeleton (from the sclerotome), associated musculature (from the myotome), and dermis (from the dermatome). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000064 heart http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003165 cavitated compound organ A myogenic muscular organ found in the cardiovascular system. It is responsible for pumping blood throughout the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions. It is composed of cardiac muscle, which is an involuntary striated muscle tissue found only in this organ, and connective tissue. It is ultimately composed of three chambers (two atria and one ventricle), occupying a ventral position within the chest of the mature tadpole/frog. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000065 myocardium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000172 muscle Cardiac muscle constituting the middle layer of the heart. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000090 endoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003011 primary germ layer Primary germ layer that lies remote from the surface of the embryo and gives rise to internal tissues such as gut. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000095 lateral line system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003194 sensory system Sensory system that has as it parts the sense organs that detect vibrations carried through water, develops during late tailbud stage, and persists in the adult bearing elaborate dorsal and ventral components. It develops from a specialized series of dorsolateral ectodermal placodes named lateral line placodes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000099 branchial arch http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000096 pharyngeal arch Structures that develop from the pharyngeal arches. Pharyngeal arches are anlage for a multitude of structures. Each pharyngeal arch has a cartilaginous stick, a muscle component which differentiates from the cartilaginous tissue, an artery, and a cranial nerve. Each of these is surrounded by mesenchyme. Arches do not develop simultaneously, but instead possess a staggered development. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000100 cardiovascular system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003002 anatomical system Anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000107 tail bud http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Rapidly proliferating mass of cells at the caudal extremity of the embryo. Its formation is reflected in a caudal carving of the posterior portion of the archenteric canal at NF stage 22. With its further outgrowth, the postanal gut primordium becomes stretched. Its lumen is in broad communication with the hindgut at NF stage 25. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000111 germ cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A cell that is within the developmental lineage of gametes and is able to pass along its genetic material to offspring. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000114 artery http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001011 blood vessel Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the heart through the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001011 blood vessel Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000117 respiratory system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003002 anatomical system Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration (breathing). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000118 trachea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003165 cavitated compound organ An elongated tube that carries air to and from the lungs. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000119 lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003165 cavitated compound organ Either of two organs that allow gas exchange absorbing oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide with exhaled air. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000120 external gill http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003028 surface structure The primary respiration organ in some species of tadpoles, whose function is the extraction of oxygen from water and the excretion of carbon dioxide. The microscopic structure of a gill is such that it presents a very large surface area to the external environment. Gills usually consist of thin filaments of tissue, branches, or slender tufted processes which have a highly folded surface to increase surface area. A high surface area is crucial for effective gas exchange. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000121 bronchus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003165 cavitated compound organ A passage of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000122 hematological system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003002 anatomical system Anatomical system that consists of the blood and blood forming tissues. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000123 bone marrow http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Flexible tissue that is found in the hollow interior of bones and appears to comprise precursor cells committed to myeloid lineages, such as macrophage- and granulocyte-progenitor cells. In adults, marrow in large bones produces new blood cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000124 blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004001 portion of organism substance The fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins carrying nourishment and oxygen to and bringing away waste products from all parts of the animal. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000125 alimentary system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003002 anatomical system Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000126 oral cavity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003190 anatomical space The cavity of the mouth, bounded by the jaw bones and associated structures. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000127 esophagus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. At NF stage 57 it is a straight tube, round in cross section, and starting from the pharynx runs backward along the dorsal side of the abdominal cavity. Its lining consists of a columnar glandular epithelium with mucus secreting cells. It is thrown into longitudinal folds. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000128 stomach http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003165 cavitated compound organ An expanded region of the alimentary tract that is situated between the esophagus and the beginning of the duodenum and produces gastric juices involved in the breakdown of food. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000129 intestine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003165 cavitated compound organ Portion of the alimentary canal bounded anteriorly by the pyloric sphincter and posteriorly by the cloacal sphincter. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000130 small intestine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure A part of the alimentary system and principal organ of digestion, comprising the duodenum and ileum and characterized by longitudinal folds. In the tadpole it is a long simple tube with a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000131 large intestine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure A short, wide tube that is part of the alimentary system and comprises the colon and rectum and empties into the cloaca. It lacks longitudinal folds characteristic of the small intestine. It absorbs water and salts from the gut lumen. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000132 liver and biliary system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003002 anatomical system Anatomical system comprising the liver, gall bladder, and associated ducts. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000133 liver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003164 solid compound organ Organ that secretes bile and participates in formation of certain blood proteins. The liver is the largest internal organ, primarily consisting of hepatocytes, and has a wider variety of functions than any other organs in the body. The hepatocyte is a polarized epithelial cell that exhibits both endocrine and exocrine properties. The biliary epithelial cells (cholangiocytes), sinusoidal endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells (Ito cells), Kupffer cells, and pit cells (liver-specific natural killer cells) represent the majority of non-hepatocyte cell types in the liver. During embryogenesis, the liver is generated in the ventral foregut endoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000135 gall bladder http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003041 compound organ A small organ of the alimentary system that aids mainly in fat digestion, and concentrates bile that is produced by the liver. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000136 pancreas http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003041 compound organ Internal gland organ with distinct tissues with different endocrine and exocrine functions. Its rudiment has three parts, one dorsal and two ventral primordia. The ventral can be first detected at NF stage 37/38. The dorsal is clearly segregated from the duodenal wall by NF stage 39. At NF stage 40 the right and left primordia have fused just above the gastro-duodenal vein. At NF stage 42 blood vessels penetrate into the crevices between the pancreatic acini making them more conspicuous. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000142 genital system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003002 anatomical system Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with reproduction. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000143 urinary system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003002 anatomical system Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000144 ureter http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Anatomical structure consisting of a long narrow duct that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000153 urethra http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Anatomical structure consisting of a tube carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000154 bladder http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003165 cavitated compound organ The organ that collects urine excreted by the kidneys before disposal by urination. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000155 male genitalia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000142 genital system Anatomical system comprising the organs of the male reproductive system. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000156 female genitalia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000142 genital system Anatomical system comprising the organs of the female reproductive system. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000157 testis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003146 gonad Reproductive organ that produces and releases sperm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000158 endocrine system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003002 anatomical system Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce endocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000159 islets of Langerhans http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Structure that is made up of islet cells that produce insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000160 pineal gland http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure An unpaired glandular organ subdivision attached on the midline near the posterior and habenular commissures of the epithalamus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000162 thyroid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003041 compound organ A two-lobed endocrine gland, located next to the trachea, and producing various hormones, such as triiodothyronine and calcitonin. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000163 thymus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003041 compound organ Anatomical structure of largely lymphoid tissue that arises from the third pharyngeal pouch, and that functions in cell-mediated immunity by being the site where T cells develop. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000164 adrenal gland http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003164 solid compound organ Either of a pair of complex endocrine organs near the anterior medial border of the kidney consisting of a mesodermal cortex that produces glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgenic hormones and an ectodermal medulla that produces epinephrine and norepinephrine. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000165 adrenal cortex http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Situated along the perimeter of the adrenal gland, the adrenal cortex mediates the stress response through the production of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids, including aldosterone and cortisol respectively. It is also a secondary site of androgen synthesis. The perimeter region of the adrenal gland, the site of steroid synthesis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000166 adrenal medulla http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Part of the adrenal gland, located at the center of the gland and surrounded by the adrenal cortex. It is the innermost part of the adrenal gland, consisting of cells that secrete epinephrine, norepinephrine, and a small amount of dopamine in response to stimulation by sympathetic preganglionic neurons. Composed mainly of hormone-producing chromaffin cells, it is the principal site of the conversion of the amino acid tyrosine into the catecholamines adrenaline (epinephrine), noradrenaline (norepinephrine), and dopamine. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000167 parathyroid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure An organ specialized for secretion of parathyroid hormone. It controls the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000169 bone tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004038 skeletal tissue The hard form of connective tissue that constitutes the majority of the skeleton. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000170 cartilage tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004038 skeletal tissue A type of dense connective tissue that is composed of specialized cells, chondrocytes, that produce a large amount of extracellular matrix. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000171 joint http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000173 tendon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004030 dense regular connective tissue A fibrous, strong, connective tissue that connects muscle to bone. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000174 skeletal muscle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000172 muscle A type of muscle used to create movement, by applying force to bones and joints. Usually attached to bones by tendons. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000175 smooth muscle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000172 muscle Involuntary muscle tissue consisting of uninucleate spindle-shaped fibers. Found within the walls of blood vessels, the alimentary tract, bladder, and reproductive tract. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000176 dermal system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003002 anatomical system The set of organs forming the outermost layer of the body, comprising the skin and its appendages. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000177 nervous system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003002 anatomical system Anatomical system that has as its parts the brain and spinal cord, nerves, ganglia, and parts of the receptor organs and that receives and interprets stimuli and transmits impulses to the effector organs. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000178 peripheral nervous system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000177 nervous system One of the two major divisions of the nervous system. Its nerves connect the central nervous system with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000179 eye http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003165 cavitated compound organ The organ of sight (visual apparatus), almost spherical in shape. At the end of development (NF stage 66) the eyes bulge out of their orbital capsules near the lateral edge of the dorsal side of the head. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000181 globe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure A general term for the whole eye, or eye ball, of an organism. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000189 auditory apparatus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003165 cavitated compound organ The combination of structures that form the ear and function to transmit vibrations and permit hearing. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000190 tympanic disk http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element A flattened, roughly circular cartilage derived from the extrastapes. This thin membrane or integument is stretched over the cartilaginous tympanic annulus in a drum-like manner, and forms the outer ear, receiving airborne vibrations and functioning in hearing. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000191 middle ear http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster The air-filled cavity within the skull that lies between the outer ear and the inner ear. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000192 inner ear http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster Labyrinthine anatomical cluster that comprises sensory endorgans specialized for vestibular, auditory, and acoustico-vestibular sensation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000197 lagena http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure A vestibular structure of the inner ear consisting of a ventral diverticulum off of the sacculus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000209 ganglion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue A cluster of nervous tissue principally composed of neuronal cell bodies external to the central nervous system (CNS). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000211 sympathetic chain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003047 nerve Either of the pair of ganglionated longitudinal cords of the sympathetic nervous system of which one is situated on each side of the spinal column. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000217 dermis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure A layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the skin) and subcutaneous tissues, composed of two layers, the papillary and reticular dermis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000236 duodenum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The first part of the small intestine. At the junction of the stomach and the duodenum the alimentary canal is inflected. The duodenum first goes anteriorly for a short distance, turns dorsally, and eventually caudally, thus it is a U-shaped structure with two horizontal sections (a ventral and a dorsal one). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000237 ileum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The final section of the small intestine. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000238 rectum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The terminal portion of the large intestine. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000243 colon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The last portion of the digestive system, it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000244 cloaca http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The posterior opening that serves as the common opening for the intestinal, reproductive, and urinary tracts, closed by the cloacal sphincter. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000258 ovary http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003146 gonad Either of paired female reproductive organs involved in production of ova and female sex hormones. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000281 vegetal yolk mass http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Cell mass in the vegetal region of the embryo that will contribute to endoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000305 cranial placode http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure A localized ectodermal thickening that develops by apicobasal elongation of cuboidal cells in the inner layer of the ectoderm in the head of the embryos, and is involved in formation of sense organs. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000328 spleen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003041 compound organ Internal lymphoid organ the primary function of which is to filter blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000345 external carotid artery http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000114 artery Artery that arises from the ventral aorta and delivers blood to the filter apparatus. It is visible as a bilateral pair of vessels on the ventral surface of the head, running between the heart and the tip of the jaw. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000375 lymph vessel http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure A vessel that contains or conveys lymph. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000428 trigeminal ganglion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000209 ganglion A prominent collection of touch-sensory neurons of the trigeminal or fifth cranial nerve, positioned beside the brain between the eye and the ear. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000431 tooth http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004012 skeletal element Each of a set of hard, bony enamel-coated structures in the jaws, used for biting. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000446 tongue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0002000 pronephric kidney http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Transient embryonic organ that serves as a kidney, providing osmoregulation during early developmental stages, and then degenerates during metamorphosis (starting at NF stage 53) as the mesonephric kidney develops and becomes functional. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003010 aorta http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000114 artery The main artery of the circulatory system which carries oxygenated blood from the heart to all the arteries of the body except those of the lungs. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003013 organism subdivision http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005002 multicellular anatomical structure Anatomical structure that is a primary subdivision of the whole organism. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003024 head http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003013 organism subdivision Organism subdivision that is the part of the body consisting of the cranial and pharyngeal regions. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003026 tail http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003013 organism subdivision Organism subdivision that is the terminal, flexible posterior appendage of the larva. It is resorbed during metamorphosis beginning with degeneration of the notochord's distal tip at NF stage 61, followed by degeneration gradually extending to its more proximal regions and reaching its proximal end by NF stage 62. By NF stage 66 it exists only as a small dorsal swelling. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003027 limb http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003013 organism subdivision Organism subdivision that has as its parts the jointed appendages used for locomotion and manipulation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003029 mouth http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003190 anatomical space Cavity in which food is initially ingested and generally contains teeth, tongue and glands. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003030 forelimb http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003027 limb One of the pair of limbs that are situated anteriorly, develop in sacs that separate them from the gill chamber, are well-defined buds by NF stage 48, are innervated by NF stage 51, and are ossified by NF stage 59. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003031 hindlimb http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003027 limb One of the pair of limbs that are situated posteriorly, are evident as buds laterally by NF stage 47, and are innervated by NF stage 51. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003033 nostril http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003190 anatomical space Surface structure that provides one of the small external openings of the head that give passage to air for breathing. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003035 hindlimb digit http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003032 digit Any of the 5 digits that are the most distal parts of a hindlimb, each digit consisting of a single metatarsal, 2-4 phalanges, and a claw. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003036 forelimb digit http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003032 digit Any of the 4 digits that are the most distal part of a forelimb, each digit consisting of a single metatarsal and 2-3 phalanges. Xenopus forelimb digits are numbered 2-5, with no digit number 1. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000003 blastula stage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000012 embryonic stage Embryonic stage during which the solid morula acquires an internal cavity, comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 7 to 9. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000005 gastrula stage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000012 embryonic stage Embryonic stage during which gastrulation takes place, with a proportion of cells migrating below the surface of the embryo to form two inner layers (endoderm and mesoderm) and the cells which remain outside spreading over the whole surface of the embryo to form the ectoderm; comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 10 to 12.5. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000006 neurula stage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000012 embryonic stage Embryonic stage during which the future nervous system appears as a thickened plate in dorsal ectoderm, the plate then rolling up at its sides to form a tube; comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 13 to 21. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000008 tadpole stage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000095 post-embryonic stage The post-embryonic Xenopus developmental stage from feeding to the end of metamorphosis, encompassing Weisz's first-form tadpole (equivalent to Nieuwkoop and Faber 45 to 49), second-form tadpole (NF 49 to 56) and third-form tadpole (NF 56 to 60-plus) stages. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000010 juvenile frog stage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000095 post-embryonic stage Xenopus developmental stage that corresponds to a sexually immature post-tadpole animal. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000036 animal cap http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Ectodermal roof of the blastocoel. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000415 notochordal sheath http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Mesenchymal covering surrounding the notochord, derived from sclerotomal mesenchyme. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003228 hypaxial muscle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000174 skeletal muscle Type of trunk muscle that lies ventral to the horizontal septum of the vertebrae and is innervated by the ventral ramus of the spinal nerves. The arise from migratory somitic cells along the lower margin of the trunk somites. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005005 left http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003185 anatomical direction Spatial concept pertaining to being located on or directed toward the side of the body to the west when facing north. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003056 anterior http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003185 anatomical direction Spatial concept denoting the front surface of the body; often used to indicate the position of one structure relative to another. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000003 outer fin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Part of the fin consisting of flattened epidermal cells elevated into a keel-like structure. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000313 head somite http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000058 somite Any of the transient, degenerating somites that form in the occipital region of the animal. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004276 bone element http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004012 skeletal element Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000455 biliary tree http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Hollow tree organ, the organ parts of which consist of the bile ducts. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000098 hyoid arch http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000096 pharyngeal arch The second of the series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003227 pharynx http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Anatomical cavity bounded by the derivatives of the branchial arches. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005500 desmosome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part A cell-cell junction in which: on the cytoplasmic surface of each interacting plasma membrane is a dense plaque composed of a mixture of intracellular anchor proteins; a bundle of keratin intermediate filaments is attached to the surface of each plaque; transmembrane adhesion proteins of the cadherin family bind to the plaques and interact through their extracellular domains to hold the adjacent membranes together by a Ca2+-dependent mechanism. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005501 digestive tract http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster A tube extending from the mouth to the cloacal sphincter. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005502 main body axis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003013 organism subdivision A principle subdivision of the organism that includes all structures along the primary axis, typically the anterior-posterior axis, from head to tail, including structures of the body proper where present (for example, ribs), but excluding appendages. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005503 tracheoesophageal septum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005425 transient tracheoesophageal septum Septum dividing the esophagus from the trachea. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005504 abdominal wall http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Structure comprising the tissues that surround the organs that are present within the abdominal cavity. The abdominal wall tissue is composed of layers of fat, parietal peritoneum, fascia, and muscles. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005505 nasal region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000040 head region Head region including the nostrils and surrounding tissue. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005506 cerebrospinal fluid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004001 portion of organism substance A clear, colorless bodily fluid that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain and spinal cord. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003053 Keller explant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003007 anatomical entity in vitro A rectangle of dorsal mesendoderm and ectoderm from an early-gastrula-stage Xenopus laevis embryo. It is approximately 60 deg to 90 deg wide, extending from the bottle cells to the animal pole. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000004 cleavage stage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000012 embryonic stage Embryonic stage during which the zygote undergoes synchronous divisions into 2, 4, 8, 16, etc. blastomeres, comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 2 to 6.5. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004022 cartilaginous condensation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004021 cell condensation Cell condensation that is an aggregation of mesenchymal cells that are committed to differentiate into chondroblasts and chondrocytes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004042 muscular system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003002 anatomical system Anatomical system comprising the sum of all muscles in the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000459 infraorbital lateral line http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004002 lateral line Lateral line situated along the posterior and ventral margin of the eye. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003126 sclerotome of trunk somite 9 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000397 sclerotome Compartment of trunk somite 9 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003054 stem cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A relatively undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001101 first pancreatic bud http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003043 primordium One of two pancreatic primordia that give rise to a ventral pancreatic bud. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005007 Mueller cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004308 glial cell Astrocyte-like radial glial cell that extends vertically throughout the retina, with the nucleus usually in the middle of the inner nuclear layer. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003251 hatching gland cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell Individual secretory cells of the hatching gland that secrete an enzyme that dissolves or weakens the egg jelly and facilitates hatching. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004529 uveal tract http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Portion of tissue in an eye consisting of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004406 presumptive axial mesoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Presumptive structure that will develop into axial mesoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000015 NF stage 5 (16-cell) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 5, corresponding to an embryo of age 2 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Advanced sixteen cell stage. Dorsal micromeres distinctly smaller and less pigmented than ventral ones. Macromeres entirely separated by cleavage grooves. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000049 cement gland primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003043 primordium The thickening of the epithelial layer of the ectoderm, with corresponding dark pigmentation, on the anterior dorso-ventral surface of the embryo. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000474 choroid fissure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Part of the eye that forms during the transition from optic vesicle to optic cup as a groove at the lateroventral edge of the optic vesicle, which expands medially. The ventral edges of the optic vesicle then wrap around the fissure and fuse with one another, ultimately leading to a channel through which blood vessels and optic nerve fibres pass. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000239 hepato-pancreatic duct http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004000 duct The pancreatic duct and common bile duct together, which enter the descending duodenum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004314 digit-joint region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004313 joint region A joint region within a digit, one of several most distal parts of a limb. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004403 fibrocellular pad http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004059 regenerating tissue Regenerative tissue that develops and covers cut bone in the tadpole. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004503 periosteum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001017 connective tissue A membrane that lines the outer surface of all bones, except at the joints of long bones. It consists of dense irregular connective tissue, and is divided into an outer fibrous layer and inner osteogenic layer. The fibrous layer contains fibroblasts, while the osteogenic layer contains progenitor cells that develop into osteoblasts, which are essential to the healing process. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003003 unspecified http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000000 Xenopus anatomical entity Unspecified Xenopus anatomical entity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000385 pronephric sinus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003190 anatomical space A system of vessels that initially swell from where the anterior and posterior cardinal veins meet before draining into the heart via the duct of Cuvier at NF stage 33 and 34, and then continue to narrow and fold into a characteristic S-shape by NF stage 37 and 38. It continues to loop on itself, at first a loose, then a dense knot of many vessels by NF stage 45. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000040 head region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region The anterior-most third of the embryo, formed from the development of the head outgrowth at NF stage 21. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000430 Rathke's pouch http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure A depression in the roof of the developing mouth in front of the buccopharyngeal membrane. It gives rise to the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis), a part of the endocrine system. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005048 nucleus of the solitary tract http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus A series of nuclei forming a column of grey matter embedded in the medulla, through the center of which runs the solitary tract. The solitary tract and nucleus are structures that carry and receive visceral sensation and taste from the facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X) cranial nerves. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000056 NF stage 44 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 44, corresponding to an embryo of age 3 days, 20 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Appearance of tentacle rudiments. Opercular folds protruding further. Coiling part of intestine showing S-shaped loop; torsion about 360 degrees. Blood-circulation in gills usually ceased (gills smaller). Length: 7.8 - 8.5 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005073 mucous gland http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure A gland in which the principal secretory cells are mucus secreting cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003201 oral epithelium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003045 epithelium Epithelium that lines the oral cavity, with many short microvilli as well as mucous cells, rodlet cells and taste buds. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000092 mature egg stage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000082 unfertilized egg stage The developmental stage of the female gamete at which the gamete has reached maturity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000005 olfactory placode http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004620 neurogenic placode A thick plate of cells derived from the neural ectoderm in the head region of the embryo that develops into the olfactory epithelium of the nasal cavity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004384 peripheral vegetal yolk mass http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Peripherally located part of the vegetal cell mass of prospective endoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004315 perichondrial cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A cell of the perichondrium, the fibrous membrane of connective tissue covering the surface of cartilage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004244 mandibular artery http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000114 artery Part of the lateral pretrosal artery that supplies blood to the roof of the mouth. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004262 ventral caudal lymphatic vessel http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000375 lymph vessel Lymphatic vessel located in the posterior ventral region of the trunk, ventral to the posterior cardinal vein. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004189 endocardial cushion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The discrete swellings of cardiac jelly in the outflow tract and ventricular walls of the developing embryonic heart. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004481 forelimb digit 5 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003036 forelimb digit The most anterior digit of a forelimb, consisting of a single metatarsal, 2 phalanges, and a claw. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000403 head somite 2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000313 head somite Transient occipital somite that exists from NF stages 18 to 29 only. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004025 dermal skeleton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004289 skeletal subdivision Skeletal subdivision that undergoes direct development and includes elements that either develop in association with the basement membrane of the ectoderm or are homologous with such elements; includes dermatocranium, components of the appendicular skeleton, teeth and tooth-like elements of the oropharynx, and integumentary elements. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000228 optic vesicle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure The evagination of neurectoderm, which has pinched off from the anterior neural keel, that precedes formation of the optic cup. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003057 posterior http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003185 anatomical direction Spatial concept denoting the back surface of the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000283 pupil http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003190 anatomical space A hole located in the center of the iris of the eye that allows light to enter the retina. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004392 goblet cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003249 epithelial cell A type of mucus surface cell in the tadpole. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000096 pharyngeal arch http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure One of a series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004487 epiphysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004486 organ part Organ part consisting of the rounded end of a long bone (at its joint with adjacent bone), which in Xenopus are the tibia-fibula and femur of the hindlimb, and the radio-ulna and humerus of the forelimb. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000087 oocyte stage V http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000082 unfertilized egg stage The late-vitellogenic stage of the developing female gamete. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005024 olfactory epithelium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003045 epithelium A sensory epithelium inside the nasal cavity that is responsible for detecting odors. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004230 anterior hypothalamus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Anterior part of the hypothalamus, given rise by the midanterior neural ridge along with the chiasmatic ridge during forebrain morphogenesis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000326 left spleen primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Primordium of the spleen, which goes on to form the spleen proper, while the right splenic promordium degenerates. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004518 proximal tubule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The proximal segment of the pronephric tubule, closest to the glomus and functioning in solute resorption and waste excretion. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004020 process http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003000 anatomical structure Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage. A process can be part of a bone, cartilage, tissue, or fin. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003157 T-cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003155 lymphocyte A type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T-cell receptor complex, and which develops in the thymus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000032 NF stage 11.5 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 11.5, corresponding to an embryo of age 12 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Large yolk plug stage. Blastopore groove closed ventrally; yolk plug not yet quite circular. At ventral side concentrated superficial pigment still visible. Diameter of yolk plug about a third of diameter of egg (plus or minus 40 degrees). Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003238 chondroblast http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A cell that originates from a mesenchymal stem cell and forms chondrocytes (cartilage cells). Chondroblasts that become embedded in the matrix are called chondrocytes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004289 skeletal subdivision http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements that are part of the skeleton. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000017 NF stage 7 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 7 (64-cell stage), corresponding to an embryo of age 4 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Large-cell blastula stage. In animal view about 10 micromeres along meridian. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005013 centromere http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part The region of a chromosome that is attached to the spindle during nuclear division. It is defined genetically as the region of the chromosome that always segregates at the first division of meiosis; the region of the chromosome in which no crossing over occurs. At the start of M phase, each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids with a constriction at a point which forms the centromere. During late prophase two kinetochores assemble on each centromere, one kinetochore on each sister chromatid. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000086 ciliary marginal zone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004122 proliferative region The region at the periphery of the retina where retinal stem cells are located. It is spatially ordered with respect to cellular development and differentiation, with the youngest and least-determined stem cells closest to the periphery, the proliferative retinoblasts in the middle, and postmitotic cells at the central edge. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003136 myotome of tail somite 14 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000315 myotome Compartment of tail somite 14 that is a precursor of muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004103 chordal neural plate border http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The portion of the neural plate border that is posterior to the mid-hindbrain junction, and from which neural crest cells arise. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004321 dorsal caudal lymphatic vessel http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000375 lymph vessel Lymphatic vessel located in the posterior dorsal region of the trunk. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004617 dorsolateral neural tube http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure The dorsolateral regions of the neural tube, ventral to the roof plate region and encompassing structurally distinct sensory neurons (more dorsally) and interneurons (in lateral positions). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004246 rhombomere R7 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004079 rhombomere The 7th segment of the developing hindbrain. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004450 m. rectus posterior primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004455 cranial muscle primordium The presumptive cells of the rectus posterior muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004444 m. geniohyoideus primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004455 cranial muscle primordium The presumptive cells of the geniohyoideus muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000040 NF stage 24 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 24, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 day, 2 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Eyes protruding less far laterally than gill-area. Gill-area more prominent than jaw-area, gill-area not yet grooved. Ventral outline of embryo nicked. Tail bud discernible. Initial motor reactions to external stimulation. Length: 2.5 - 2.7 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004266 rhombomere R8 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004079 rhombomere The 8th and most posterior segment of the developing hindbrain. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004368 infrarostral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element Cartilaginous element comprising cartilages that articulate with Meckel's cartilage in the lower jaw and are fused medially. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004224 transporting epithelium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003045 epithelium Type of epithelium that facilitates the transcellular transport of solutes. This transport can either be absorption, transport from lumen (apical membrane surface) to blood; or secretion, transport from blood (basolateral membrane surface) to lumen. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005042 posterior semicircular canal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000198 semicircular canal The posterior of the two vertically oriented semicircular canals, which are situated at right angles to each other. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003129 sclerotome of trunk somite 11 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000397 sclerotome Compartment of trunk somite 11 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000093 adult frog stage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000095 post-embryonic stage Xenopus developmental stage that corresponds to a fully formed, mature animal. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000038 NF stage 22 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 22, corresponding to an embryo of age 24 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Distinct protrusion of eyes. Initial groove between jaw- and gill-areas only at latero-dorsal side. Lateral and ventral outlines of embryo slightly concave. Anal opening displaced to ventral side. Vitelline membrane becoming wider. Length: 2.0 - 2.2 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000082 circumblastoporal collar http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Embryonic structure that develops around the closed blastopore. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000089 premetamorphosis stage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000008 tadpole stage Tadpole stage during which limb bud growth occurs, comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 45 to 54. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003137 sclerotome of tail somite 15 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000397 sclerotome Compartment of tail somite 15 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004160 cerebral vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein The cerebral veins are divisible into external and internal groups according to the outer surfaces or the inner parts of the hemispheres they drain into. The veins are the anterior cerebral veins, posterior cerebral veins, and middle cerebral vein which cross dorsally between the bilateral vena capitis lateralis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006000 basal cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004621 epidermal cell A cell of the inner layer of the epidermis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006001 lateral plate mesoderm, left side http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Lateral plate mesoderm that is located on the left side of the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006002 lateral plate mesoderm, right side http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Lateral plate mesoderm that is located on the right side of the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006003 cell body http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006004 neuronal cell body http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006003 cell body The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006005 perikaryon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part The portion of a neuronal cell body (cell soma) that excludes the nucleus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006006 cytoplasmic bridge http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part A thin cytoplasmic process/physical structure that bridges two cells (e.g., photoreceptor cells or retinal ganglion cells). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006007 glial endfoot http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part An expansion of the terminal end of Müller cells, where the projection contacts a retinal ganglionic cell. Glial endfeet make a continuous layer directly beneath the basement membrane of retinal growth cones. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006008 green rod cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004112 retinal rod cell Type of retinal rod cell which has a cylindrical outer segment, an incisure, and likely has predominantly sealed disks. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006009 outer segment cilium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005008 cilium A modified non-motile cilium which functions as a light-detecting organelle in the retina. OS cilia have an extended membrane system which consists of arrayed membranous disks resembling a stack of coins. In rods/rod cells, these disks are discontinuous, being divided into lobules or "incisures", and are surrounded by a plasma membrane. In cones/cone cells, the disks and plasma membrane remain joined as one continuous membrane system and incisures are not present. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006010 outer segment disk http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part One of an array of membranous disks projecting from outer segment cilia. In rods/rod cells, these disks are discontinuous, being divided into lobules or "incisures", and are surrounded by a plasma membrane. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006011 iridosome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part The subcellular component of iridophores with give these pigment cells their iridescent qualities. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006012 iridoblast http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A non-terminally differentiated cell which originates from the neural crest and differentiates into an iridophore. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006013 pterinosome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part Pteridine-containing subcellular compartment of xanthophores. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006014 nuptial pad http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003028 surface structure A raised callus of cornified epidermis used by the male frog to hold the female during mating. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006015 breeding gland http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005072 skin mucous gland A modified mucous gland that is part of the nuptial pad and aids the male frog in maintaining amplexus during mating. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006016 subcapsular liver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Region of liver parenchyma immediately below the capsule. This region is frequently specified in pathology diagnoses. It is thought to be the principal hematopoietic site of Xenopodinae species from early development and, in case of certain species, into adulthood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006017 xanthoblast http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A non-terminally differentiated cell that differentiates into a xanthophore. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006018 gray crescent http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part A light gray region on the dorsal surface of a fertilized oocyte. It is fully formed by the beginning of the first cleavage, and forms as a result of cortical rotation of the intermal cytoplasm and occurs opposite the sperm entry point. It is later the site where the Spemann organizer will form at the gastrula stage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006019 multivesicular body http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part A type of endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm. In oocytes, multivesicular bodies are abundant on the dorsal side of the NF stage 7 (64-cell) embryos (as a result of cortical rotation) are are frequently surrounded by clouds of smaller, darker cytoplasmic membranes that may represent cytoplasmic determinants. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006020 early endosome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part A membrane-bounded organelle that receives incoming material from primary endocytic vesicles that have been generated by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis; vesicles fuse with the early endosome to deliver cargo for sorting into recycling or degradation pathways. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006021 hepatic erythrocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003260 nucleate erythrocyte A red blood cell that is produced in the liver. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006022 monocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004148 myeloid cell Myeloid mononuclear recirculating lymphocyte (a.k.a. a leukocyte) that can act as a precursor of tissue macrophages, osteoclasts, and some populations of tissue dendritic cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006023 common dendritic progenitor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004148 myeloid cell A hematopoietic progenitor cell which gives rise to dendritic cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006024 dendritic cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004148 myeloid cell A cell of hematopoietic origin, typically resident in particular tissues, specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006025 follicular dendritic cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006024 dendritic cell A cell with extensive dendritic processes found in the B cell areas (primary follicles and germinal centers) of lymphoid tissue. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006026 common lymphocyte progenitor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell An oligopotent progenitor cell committed to the lymphoid lineage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006027 granulocyte/macrophage precursor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A progenitor cell that is part of the immune system, develops from the common myeloid progenitor, and develops into a granulocyte, macrophage, dendritic cell, basophil, eosinophil, or neutrophil. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006028 common monocyte/macrophage precursor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A progenitor cell that is part of the immune system and develops into a macrophage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006029 megakaryocyte/erythrocyte precursor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A progenitor cell that is part of the hematological system and develops into a megakaryocyte or erythrocyte. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006030 megakaryocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A large hematopoietic cell (50 to 100 microns) with a lobed nucleus. Once mature, it undergoes multiple rounds of endomitosis and cytoplasmic restructuring to allow platelet formation and release. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006031 Kupffer cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005025 macrophage A tissue-resident macrophage of the reticuloendothelial system found on the luminal surface of the hepatic sinusoids (liver), involved in erythrocyte clearance. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006034 monoblast http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004148 myeloid cell A myeloid progenitor cell committed to the monocyte lineage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006035 Schwann cell precursor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004308 glial cell A giioblast cell that develops from a migratory neural crest cell. It is embedded among neurons (axons) with minimal extracellular spaces separating them from nerve cell membranes and has no basal lamina. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006036 immature Schwann cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004308 glial cell A glial cell that develops from a Schwann cell precursor. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006037 myelinating Schwann cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005044 Schwann cell A neuroglial cell of the peripheral nervous system which forms the insulating myelin sheaths of peripheral axons. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006038 non-myelinating Schwann cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005044 Schwann cell A glial cell that ensheaths multiple small diameter axons in the peripheral nervous system. It is embedded among neurons (axons) with minimal extracellular spaces separating them from nerve cell membranes and has a basal lamina. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006040 osteocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A mature osteoblast that has become embedded in the bone matrix. These cells occupy a small cavity, called lacuna, in the matrix and are connected to adjacent osteocytes via protoplasmic projections called canaliculi. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006041 adipocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell Cell type that primarily composes adipose tissue, specialized in storing energy as fat. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006042 bone marrow cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A cell found in the bone marrow. This can include fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006043 common myeloid progenitor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004148 myeloid cell A progenitor cell committed to a myeloid lineage, including the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006044 granulocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004148 myeloid cell A leukocyte with abundant cytoplasmic granules. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006045 basophil http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006044 granulocyte A type of granulocyte responsible for inflammatory reactions during immune response. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006046 eosinophil http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006044 granulocyte Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by one or more slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006047 bipolar cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003023 neuron A neuron-like cell, often with atypical dentric knobs, seen in the olfactory epithelium of the olfactory bulb, and which are S100Z-positive, the axons of which extend/push into the olfactory nerve. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006048 supporting cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003249 epithelial cell A major cell type which expresses cytokeratin type II, seen in the olfactory epithelium. The typical morphology has an apical cell soma (cell body) position and thin processes connecting to the basal lamina of the main olfcatory epithelium. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006049 microvillous-like cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003249 epithelial cell A type of cell that has microvilli-like structures and is situated in the olfactory epithelium. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006050 crypt cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003054 stem cell A stem cell that is located in the crypt of Liberkuhn, the tubular intestinal glands found in the mucosal membranes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006051 innate immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003152 immune system Immune system that responds broadly and fast (e.g., within hours) upon infection or injury, producing and secreting various compounds (antimicrobial peptides, interferon) and activating cellular defense such as cell-mediated cytotoxicity by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages. Innate immunity generally refers to any type of host responses elicited by receptor-encoded genes/gene families. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006052 adaptive immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003152 immune system Subsystem of the immune system that is composed of specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate pathogens or prevent their growth. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006053 glomerular cluster http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster A cluster of lobe-like projections of glomeruli within the glomerular layer of the ofactory bulb, each cluster being referred to by their directionality (e.g. medial vs. lateral, and/or relative size, e.g. small vs. intermediate). Olfactory receptor neuron axons (ORNs, yellow) incoming from the olfactory nerve (ON) form distinct medial (MC), intermediate (IC), and lateral (LC) clusters in the glomerular layer. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006054 intermediate cluster http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster The larger, laterally projecting, lobe-like cluster of glomeruli within the glomerular layer of the ofactory bulb. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006055 medial cluster http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster The medially projecting, lobe-like cluster of glomeruli within the glomerular layer of the ofactory bulb. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006056 lateral cluster http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster The smaller of two lobe-like clusters of glomeruli within the glomerular layer of the ofactory bulb. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000249 neural plate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue A region of embryonic ectodermal cells that lie directly above the notochord. During neurulation, they change shape and produce an infolding of the neural plate (the neural fold) that then seals to form the neural tube. At NF stage 11.5 is the first indication of neural plate within the sensorial layer of ectoderm. It extends to near the animal pole by NF stage 12.5 and the entire plate is faintly delimited by NF stage 13. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003104 myotome of head somite 1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000315 myotome Compartment of head somite 1 that is a precursor of muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000404 head somite 3 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000313 head somite Transient occipital somite that exists from NF stages 18 to 29/30 only. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004066 vegetal endoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Portion of the cleavage-stage embryo below the equator and consisting of prospective endodermal cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004143 vascular plexus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001011 blood vessel Any network of intercommunicating blood vessels. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000280 vegetal hemisphere http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Anatomical region that is the lower, light-colored hemisphere of the egg, as its cells contain large amounts of dense yolk proteins. The Xenopus egg is divided into two roughly equal halves: the animal and vegetal hemispheres. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005016 dendrite http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005317 neuron projection A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, often branched, morphology, receives and integrates signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conducts a nerve impulse towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000323 profundus ganglion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000209 ganglion Type of ganglion that is separate distally from the trigeminal ganglia; they become fused at their proximal end as they condense. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003131 sclerotome of trunk somite 12 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000397 sclerotome Compartment of trunk somite 12 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004184 pericardial roof http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The dorsal region of the pericardium. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005059 stratum compactum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Dermal layer composed of alternating sheets of parallel fibers. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000025 hyoid crest http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The second most anterior of the migrating cranial neural crests streams, it lays between the mandibular and anterior branchial crest streams. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000471 xanthophore http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003014 pigment cell A cell type that is derived from the neural crest and gives pigmentation to skin cells. Their predominantly red-yellow hue depends on the pattern of fat-soluble carotenoids (obtained from the diet) and pteridines (synthesized from the cell). They are rarely found in pre-metamorphic larvae. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000032 stomodeal-hypophyseal primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003043 primordium An anterior thickening of the sensorial layer of ectoderm, just above the cement gland. The hypophyseal layer separates from the stomodeal layer at NF stage 29 and 30, and when contacted by a protrusion of the foregut, the stomodeal layer will rupture to form the mouth opening at NF stage 39 and 40. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000286 late proximal tubule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Portion of the pronephric tubule that is immediately posterior to the early proximal tubule and anterior to the early distal tubule. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004064 ventral tail fin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000002 fin The ventral part of the tail fin. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004472 sinus venosus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure A large quadrangular cavity that precedes the atrium on the venous side of the heart. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004274 articular system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003002 anatomical system Anatomical system that consists of all the joints of the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004619 caudal presomitic mesoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The most posterior region of presomitic mesoderm where somitomeres have yet to be fated. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000417 trunk somite 9 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000314 trunk somite The 7th somite located posterior to the head. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004017 endochondral element http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004016 regenerating skeletal element A skeletal element that has the potential to participate in endochondral ossification, and may participate in intramembranous ossification. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000006 otic vesicle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The saccular invagination of ectoderm from which the vertebrate inner ear develops. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003099 fourth ventricle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004602 brain ventricle Irregularly shaped cavity in the rhombencephalon, between the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the isthmus in front, and the cerebellum behind. It is continuous with the central canal of the cord below and with the cerebral aqueduct above, and through its lateral and median apertures it communicates with the subarachnoid space. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000092 archenteron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003190 anatomical space The cavity of the gastrula forming a primitive gut. At NF stage 20-21 its wide canal becomes dorso-ventrally compressed and narrowed in the future trunk region so that a subdivision into a foregut, a midgut and a hindgut with protruding endodermal mass becomes manifest. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004300 foot http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004265 autopod Terminal portion of a hindlimb that bears weight and allows locomotion. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000018 genital ridge http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Portion of tissue that is the precursor to the gonads. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003001 anatomical group Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004404 keratinocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003252 keratin accumulating cell The predominant cell type in the epidermis, the primary function of which is the formation of a barrier against environmental damage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004130 auditory hair cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004138 sensory epithelial cell A mechanoreceptor cell located in the inner ear that is sensitive to auditory stimuli. The accessory sensory structures are arranged so that appropriate stimuli cause movement of the hair-like projections (stereocilia and kinocilia) which relay the information centrally in the nervous system. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004579 posterior commissure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster Diencephalic tract that is located in the vicinity of the dorsal diencephalon and mesencephalon and connects the pretectal nuclei. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003062 hindlimb skeleton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004289 skeletal subdivision The collection of all skeletal elements in a free hindlimb region. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003171 orbital region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster An anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and structurally supports the eye. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004012 skeletal element http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003164 solid compound organ Organ entity that is typically involved in mechanical support and may have different skeletal tissue compositions at different stages. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004610 left ventricle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004607 lateral ventricle The lateral ventricle that is located in the left hemisphere of the brain. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004476 skeletal myocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004475 myocyte A myocyte of the skeletal muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000004 inner fin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Part of the fin consisting of a supporting core of mesenchyme and extracellular matrix. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000007 lower eyelid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003028 surface structure A surface structure consisting of a set of membranes that cover and protect the eye. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000010 brain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003165 cavitated compound organ Organ that is the center of the nervous system. It is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell. It appears when the neural tube segregates in forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain at NF stage 22. The general pattern of the brain has been mainly established at NF stage 28. Yolky material is consumed and the fibre tracts and later the commissures develop. In general all of its parts are well developed at NF stage 53 and later development consists mainly of growth and some further cytological differentiation. In the period of metamorphosis only topographical changes take place. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000017 hypophysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure An endocrine gland, located ventral to the diencephalon, that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000021 ventricular zone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Proliferative region that is part of the ventricular system of the brain. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000022 roof plate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Organizing center located at the dorsal midline of the neural tube that influences the development of the nervous system, controlling the specification and differentiation of dorsal neuronal cell types. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000024 mandibular crest http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The most anterior of the migrating cranial neural crest streams, running along the posterior edge of the eye primordium, and in later stages, below the eye and to the border of the cement gland. The mandibular stream is the first to initiate CNC cell migration. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000026 branchial crest http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The most posterior segments of the population of migratory cells of the cranial neural crest, contributing to the branchial arches 3 and 4. Branchial crest cells migrate in two distinct streams referred to as the anterior and posterior branchial crest. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000027 cranial ganglion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000209 ganglion Ganglion that is located in the head. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000029 epidermis outer layer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003045 epithelium The outermost layer of the epidermis, the multilayered epithelium derived from the ectoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000030 vitelline membrane http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004005 extraembryonic structure The membrane enveloping the egg or oocyte, lying immediately outside the plasmalemma. It is formed while the oocyte is in the ovary and it separates from the egg to form the fertilization membrane. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000031 ciliated epidermal cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005017 ciliated cell Cell type that has motile cilia and populates the skin of the embryo, arranged in the surface layer of the non-neural ectoderm in an ordered distribution. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000033 cement gland http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003028 surface structure A simple mucus-secreting structure that is positioned at the front of the embryo, attaches the newly hatched embryo to a support before the hatchling can swim well or feed, and marks the anterior-most dorsal ectoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000034 hatching gland http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure A Y-shaped array of unicelluar glands on the top of the head, the open end of which faces anteriorly, that secrete an enzyme that dissolves or weakens the egg jelly and facilitates hatching. Presumptive cells of the hatching gland are present by the end of gastrualtion (NF stage 12.5) and differentiated cells start to form after neurulation is complete (NF stage 21). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000037 animal cap inner layer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Sensorial layer of blastocoel roof ectoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000038 animal cap outer layer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Superficial layer of blastocoel roof ectoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000043 neuroectoderm outer layer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Superficial neuroectoderm layer consisting of horizontally flattened, pigmented cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000044 neuroectoderm inner layer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Deep neuroectoderm layer consisting of densely packed, cylindrical, unpigmented cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000045 pre-chordal neural plate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The portion of neural plate anterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000046 chordal neural plate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The portion of neural plate posterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000047 notoplate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Region of the neural plate overlying the notochord. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000048 neural crest http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue A group of ectoderm cells that delaminate from the area between the neuroectoderm/non-neural ectoderm domains. They undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal tranformation (EMT) and migrate to give several different lineages of adult cells. Originating from different positions along the anterior-posterior axis, they develop into various tissues. These regions of neural crest can be divided into five main functional domains, which include the cranial, trunk, vagal and sacral neural crest, and cardiac neural crest. Neural crest cells are considered multipotent, and as they have the limited capacity for self renewal, they are regarded as stem cell-like. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000052 cardinal vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein The paired main vein, departing from the sinus venous, the fused heart primordium, it runs posteriorly down length of the embryo. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000053 head mesoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The mesoderm of the head. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000055 notochord http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue A longitudinal flexible rod of cells that in the embryo forms the supporting axis of the body. It degenerates, beginning anteriorly, at NF stage 46. Its posterior portion is greatly reduced by NF stage 55 and the entire structure is gone by NF stage 65. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000056 hypochord http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Transient structure that lies immediately ventral to the notochord in the embryo, likely required for the formation of the dorsal aorta. A slight depression marks the future hypochord at NF stage 20 and its segregation from the dorsal endoderm begins at NF stage 24. It progresses from anterior to posterior and is complete by NF stage 28. At NF stage 32 it is present as a dorso-laterally flattened ribbon of yolk-laden cells. It degenerates by apoptosis and by NF stage 43 is no longer detectable as a distinct structure in the trunk region of the tadpole. The most posterior hypochord persists and begins to ossify, fusing with the coccyx to form the urostyle in the pelvic girdle around NF stage 63. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000062 pronephric nephrostome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Any of the ciliated tubules that collect the glomeral filtrate, passing it through to the pronephric tubules. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000067 ventral blood island http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Region located on the ventral surface of the developing embryo that is a site of hematopoiesis and that is analogous to the yolk sac blood islands of higher vertebrates. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000068 marginal zone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Region of intermediate pigmentation between the pigmented animal hemisphere and the unpigmented vegetal hemisphere of the egg. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000069 ventral marginal zone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000068 marginal zone Embryonic tissue region that will make the ventral mesoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000070 ventro-lateral marginal zone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000068 marginal zone Region of the marginal zone extending from the ventral to lateral surface. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000071 dorso-lateral marginal zone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000068 marginal zone Region of the marginal zone extending from the dorsal to lateral surface. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000072 dorsal marginal zone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000068 marginal zone Marginal zone that is a key embryonic tissue region of the early gastrula stage embryo and that houses the Spemann-Mangold organizer. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000076 involuting marginal zone epithelial layer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Layer of prospective mesoderm in the IMZ that will form the roof of the archenteron. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000077 bottle cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003244 gastrula cell Early embryonic cell with a bottle or flask shape that is first to migrate inwards at the blastopore during gastrulation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000080 forelimb region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region The region from which the forelimb develops, first recognizable at NF stage 48, and distinct by NF stage 49. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000081 hindlimb region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region The region from which the hindlimb develops, first recognizable as a slight concentration of mesenchymal cells dorsal and lateral to the anal tube at NF stage 43. The epidermal layers thicken dramatically through to NF stage 48, and become vascularised by NF stage 49. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000083 involuted dorsal mesoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Dorsal mesoderm that has grown and curled inward during gastrulation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000085 intermediate mesoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Mesoderm layer between somite and lateral plate. All components of the pronephric kidney arise from this. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000087 tail region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region The anatomical region of the body posterior to the tail. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000089 lower blastopore lip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Ventral part of the blastopore lip, which forms as a result of the contraction of bottle cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000091 head endoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The endoderm of the head. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000097 mandibular arch http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000096 pharyngeal arch The first of the series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000102 visceral pouch 1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000282 visceral pouch First of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000103 midgut http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Middle subdivision of the digestive tract. The midgut is the portion of the embryo from which most of the intestines develop. After it bends around the superior mesenteric artery, it is often referred to as the "midgut loop". It comprises the portion of the alimentary canal from the end of the foregut at the opening of the bile duct to the hindgut, about two-thirds of the way through the transverse colon. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000104 hindgut http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Posterior subdivision of the digestive tract. The posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the large intestine and cloaca. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000105 pharyngeal cavity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003190 anatomical space The space enclosed by the walls of the pharynx. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000106 post-anal gut http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Tissue that is a temporary extension of the embryonic gut caudal to the cloaca. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000108 chordoneural hinge http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The anterior limit of the neurenteric canal, which connects the post-anal gut with the central canal of the spinal chord. It is formed from a population of cells derived from the dorsal lip of the late gastrula, and has been shown to be important in tail development. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000109 posterior wall of neurenteric canal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Structure formed by the ventral movement of the proctodeum anlage, which results in the shifting of the circumblastoral collar lateral walls to the posterior end of the embryo. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000110 glomeral mesenchyme http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Portion of tissue that consists of the precursors of the pronephric glomus or glomerulus; derived from the medial portion of the pronephric intermediate mesoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000113 embryo http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000000 Xenopus anatomical entity Anatomical entity that comprises the animal in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000116 capillary http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001011 blood vessel Any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000134 bile duct http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004000 duct Duct that carries bile from the liver to the small intestine. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000137 exocrine pancreas http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Pancreatic tissue composed of acinar epithelial cells and ductal epithelium that manufacture the proteolytic enzymes and bicarbonate required for digestion. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000138 mesentery http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003045 epithelium A double layer of tissue composed of peritoneum that attaches the visceral organs to the body wall. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000139 peritoneum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004466 serous membrane Serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity or the coelom. It covers most of the intra-abdominal organs, supports the abdominal organs, and serves as a conduit for their blood and lymph vessels and nerves. It is composed of a layer of mesothelium. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000140 urogenital system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003002 anatomical system Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine and those concerned with reproduction. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000141 mesonephric kidney http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005244 adult kidney A visceral organ which provides osmoregulation and waste excretion for tadpoles through adult stages in Xenopus. The mesonephros starts to develop at NF stage 39, then during feeding stage tadpoles through metamorphosis replaces the embryonic pronephros as it degenerates. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000146 glomerulus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure A tuft of capillaries found in a Bowman's capsule in which waste products are filtered from the blood and urine formation is initiated. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000148 mesonephric tubule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Any of the excretory units of the mesonephros, which connect to the mesonephric collecting duct. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000151 mesonephric collecting duct http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004000 duct Duct that connects to the mesonephric nephrons and collects filtrate. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000168 musculoskeletal system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003002 anatomical system Anatomical system that provides locomotion and physical support to the organism. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000172 muscle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue A body tissue consisting of long cells that contract when stimulated and produce motion. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000180 cornea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003028 surface structure The transparent front part of the eye that, together with the lens, refracts light. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000182 conjunctiva http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue A clear mucous membrane consisting of cells and underlying basement membrane that covers the sclera and lines the inside of the eyelids. It is made of epithelial tissue. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000183 sclera http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The opaque, fibrous, protective, outer layer of the eye containing collagen and elastic fiber. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000185 iris http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure A membrane in the eye, responsible for controlling the amount of light reaching the retina. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000186 ciliary body http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Circumferential tissue inside the eye composed of the ciliary muscle and ciliary processes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000187 dorsolateral placode region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Lateral neurogenic placode region positioned dorsally to the epibranchial placodes, and that includes the lateral line placodes, the otic placode and the trigeminal placode. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000188 optic nerve http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000429 cranial nerve Cranial nerve that is continuous with the layer of nerve cells on the inner surface of the eye. It exits the neurocranium via the large optic foramen and is covered by a fibrous connective tissue sheath. It transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000193 osseous labyrinth http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Structure consisting of the vestibule, lagena, and semicircular canal, cavities that are hollowed out of the substance of the bone, and lined by periosteum. They contain a clear fluid, the perilymph, in which the membranous labyrinth is situated. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000195 utricle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000214 auditory ossicle Inner ear structure into which the semicircular ducts find their outlet. Along with the saccule, it is part of the balancing apparatus (membranous labyrinth) located within the vestibule of the osseous labyrinth. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000198 semicircular canal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Any of the three fluid-filled ducts that loop from the utriculus in the inner ear, and help detect movement and maintain balance. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000199 vestibule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The small, oval, bony chamber of the labyrinth. The vestibule contains the utricle and saccule, organs which are part of the balancing apparatus of the ear. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000200 animal blastomere http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003016 blastomere Pigmented, smaller blastomere of the animal (upper) hemisphere of the cleaving embryo. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000204 peripheral nerve http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003047 nerve Any nerve outside the brain or spinal cord that connects with peripheral receptors or effectors. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000205 axial mesoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure A type of mesoderm that lies along the central axis, under the neural tube, and gives rise to the notochord. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000206 blastocoel anlage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003043 primordium The first appearance of the anatomical space that will become the blastocoel. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000207 blastocoel roof http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The dorsal surface of the blastocoel, the cavity of the blastula. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000208 blastopore http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure The opening of the archenteron to the exterior, marking the point of origin of the archenteron and the caudal end of the embryo. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000213 auditory tube http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The narrow tube connecting the middle ear with the pharynx, through which air flows to equalize pressure on either side of the tympanic membrane. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000214 auditory ossicle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004276 bone element Any of the three tiny bones of the inner ear (columella or stapes, the sacculus and the utriculus) suspended in the otic capsule. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000218 appendage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003013 organism subdivision An internal or external body part or prolongation that projects from, and is attached to, an organ or the main body of an organism. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000220 dermatome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Somitic compartment that is a precursor of dermis, the cells of which become arranged in a single layer that blankets the myotome, possibly continuously (unsegmented) across somites. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000223 otic placode http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004620 neurogenic placode Invagination of thickened epithelium near the hindbrain that gives rise to a spherically shaped ear vesicle, including precursors of the sensory epithelia of the inner ear and neurons of cranial nerve VIII. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000224 vegetal part, early involuting http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Vegetal portion of the marginal zone of the embryo that turns inside the embryo during involution. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000225 trigeminal placode http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004620 neurogenic placode The ectodermal precursor of the trigeminal ganglion. The profundal and the trigeminal ganglia are separate distally but fused at their proximal end as they condense around NF stage 24. The trigeminal placode gives rise to the sensory neurons of the ophthalmic and maxillomandibular lobes of cranial nerve V. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000226 equatorial belt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part Equatorial zone of the zygote with which the plane of first cleavage aligns. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000227 eye primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003043 primordium First trace of the future visual apparatus. The eye primordia forming antero-lateral evaginations of the closing neural tube are originally massive formations into which only a slit-shaped extension of the neural groove penetrates at NF stage 18. At NF stage 19 they clearly segregate from the anterior portion of the neural tube. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000229 fasciculated network of fibrils http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004005 extraembryonic structure Randomly dispersed fibrils organized into criss-crossing fascicles or bundles in the coelomic envelope of oocytes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000230 follicle cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell Cell type that forms a layer within an ovarian follicle that surrounds the oocyte. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000231 follicle layer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue A monolayer of follicle cells surrounding the developing oocyte and forming adhesive contacts with the surrounding follicular epithelium. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000232 foregut http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure The anterior part of the alimentary system, from the mouth and esophagus to the duodenum at the entrance of the bile duct. Structures of the foregut are: esophagus, stomach, duodenum, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas. The spleen is located in the foregut region, but is not a gut organ. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000234 germinal vesicle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005038 nucleus The nucleus of the oocyte, it is enclosed in a nuclear envelope and contains neucleoplasm, in which the chromosomes and extranucleoli are embedded. It breaks down as the oocyte matures, being no longer visible by the first meiotic metaphase. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000235 cardiac mesoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Two migratory heart primordia that move ventrally during the course of neurulation, and whose fusion begins at the ventral midline at NF stage 16. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000240 lens placode http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005283 non-neurogenic ectodermal placode A thickened portion of ectoderm that serves as the precursor to the lens. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000241 posterior cardinal vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein Vein that returns blood from the trunk and drains into the duct of Cuvier via the pronephric sinus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000242 mesonephric duct http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004000 duct Duct that drains the mesonephros and connects it to the ureter. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000245 mitochondrial cloud http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part A prominent mass in the cytoplasm of previtellogenic oocytes. The cloud contains both mitochondria and electron-dense granulofibrillar material (GFM) and is the source of germinal granule material. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000246 myocoelic slit http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003190 anatomical space Space that separates the thicker inner sheet of splanchnic mesoderm from the thinner outer somatic mesoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000247 visceral pouch 2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000282 visceral pouch Second of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000248 neural groove http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The median dorsal longitudinal groove in the neural plate, directly above the notochord, which appears after neural fold formation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000250 posterior neural tube http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Posterior segment of the neural tube, which develops into the hindbrain and spinal cord. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000251 visceral pouch 3 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000282 visceral pouch Third of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000252 neurocoel http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003190 anatomical space An anatomical space that is surrounded by a neural tube. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000253 non-involuting marginal zone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000068 marginal zone Animal portion of the marginal zone of the embryo that spreads in front of the animal cap but does not involute during gastrulation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000254 visceral pouch 4 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000282 visceral pouch Fourth of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000255 visceral pouch 5 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000282 visceral pouch Fifth of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000256 oocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000111 germ cell The developing female gamete, the differentiation of which is classified into six stages: I (pre-vitellogenic), II (early vitellogenic), III (mid-vitellogenic, formation of pigment), IV (polarization along animal-vegetal axis), V (late vitellogenic), and VI (post-vitellogenic, appearance of equatorial band). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000257 oral evagination http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure An outpocketing of the foregut ventral to the infundibulum and the hypophysis. The walls surrounding this cavity are composed of endoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000259 paraxial mesoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Area of mesoderm at either side of the midline embryonic notochord that, on segmentation, forms the paired somites. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000260 perivitelline space http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004005 extraembryonic structure The space between the zona pellucida and the cell membrane of an oocyte or fertilized ovum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000261 pigment layer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Outer layer of the developing optic vesicle, which contains pigmented epithelium. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000262 polar body http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A small cell formed by the meiotic division of an oocyte. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000263 primary oogonium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000111 germ cell A germ cell that is a primordial oocyte in a female and that develops into secondary oogonia by mitotic division. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000264 pronephric mesenchyme http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003046 mesenchyme Portion of tissue that consists of the mesenchymal precursor to the pronephric kidney and that begins to separate from the intermediate mesoderm at NF stage 21 and epithelializes by NF stage 30. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000265 visceral pouch 6 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000282 visceral pouch Sixth of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000266 retinal layer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Inner layer of the developing optic vesicle, which contains retinal nerve cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000267 hypophyseal primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003043 primordium The hypophyseal layer that separates from the stomodeal layer of the stomodeal-hypophyseal primordium at NF stage 29 and 30. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000268 secondary oogonium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000111 germ cell A type of germ cell that results from the mitotic division of a primary oogonium. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000269 mouth primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Anterior part of the embryonic alimentary canal that is formed as an invagination of the ectoderm and is the future mouth. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000270 sensorial layer of neurectoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Deep layer of the neural ectoderm, which undergoes early neuronal differentiation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000271 somatic layer of lateral plate mesoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the future body wall; it underlies the ectoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000273 olfactory organ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003165 cavitated compound organ Organ comprising the specialized structures subserving the function of the sense of smell. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000274 sperm entry point http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part The point on the surface of the egg at which the sperm enters the egg. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000275 olfactory pit http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003190 anatomical space A depression on the head of the embryo that becomes converted into a nasal passage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000277 choana http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003190 anatomical space The internal nasal passages, aperture or cavity in the roof of the buccopharynx. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000278 animal part, late involuting http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue When the marginal zone mesoderm undergoes involution, where the marginal zone contacts the vegetal base. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000282 visceral pouch http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000284 epibranchial placode http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004620 neurogenic placode The three distinct placodal areas which develop from the posterior placodal area and lie ventral to the otic placode and dorsocaudal to the pharyngeal clefts, and contribute to the sensory ganglia for the distal portion of cranial nerves VII IX and X. The proximal neurons are derived from the neural crest. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000285 pronephric nephron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The structure that is the basic functional unit of the pronephros. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000287 early distal tubule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Portion of the pronephric tubule that is immediately posterior to the late proximal tubule and anterior to the late distal segment. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000288 early proximal tubule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Portion of the pronephric tubule that is immediately anterior to the late proximal tubule. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000289 late distal tubule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Pronephric segment immediately posterior to the early distal tubule and anterior to the pronephric duct. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000291 mesonephric mesenchyme http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003046 mesenchyme The tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the mesonephros. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000292 mesonephric nephron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The structure that is the basic functional unit of the adult or mesonephric kidney, consisting of the vascular loop of the glomerulus, the capsule, the nephrocoel, the nephric duct, the nephrostome and the nephric tubule. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000294 blastocoel http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003190 anatomical space The cavity of the blastula, a closed space that is invaded by early mesenchyme and later obliterated by the enlarging archenteron. It forms during embryogenesis when a zygote (a fertilized ovum) divides into many cells through mitosis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000295 central endoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The portion of endoderm between dorsal and ventral blastopore lips, and extending towards to the blastocoel. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000296 vegetal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003185 anatomical direction Anatomical direction relating to the vegetal pole or hemisphere. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000298 dorsal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003185 anatomical direction Spatial concept denoting the back or upper surface of the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000299 ventral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003185 anatomical direction Spatial concept denoting the underside or lower surface of the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000300 superficial http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003185 anatomical direction Spatial concept denoting only the surface of the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000301 deep http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003185 anatomical direction Spatial concept denoting extension relatively far inward. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000302 dorso-lateral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003185 anatomical direction Spatial concept pertaining to the back of the body and to the side. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000303 ventro-lateral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003185 anatomical direction Spatial concept pertaining to the part of the body opposite the back and away from the midline. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000304 lateral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003185 anatomical direction Spatial concept pertaining to being situated at or extending to the side. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000306 floor plate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Organizing center consisting of a small group of cells located at the ventral midline of the neural tube that influences the development of the nervous system, governing the specification of neuronal cell types and directing axonal trajectories. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000307 anterior neural tube http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Anterior segment of the neural tube, which develops into the forebrain and midbrain. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000309 marginal zone (sensu neural) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Region of the neural tube that will become the white matter of the nervous system. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000311 lateral plate mesoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Portion of the middle of the three primary germ layers of the embryo that resides on the periphery of the embryo, splits into two layers enclosing the intra-embryonic coelom, and gives rise to body wall structures. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000315 myotome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Somitic compartment that is a precursor of muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000318 glomus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Multi-tissue structure that is the filtration unit of the pronephric kidney. A glomus is a glomerulus that spans more than one body segment. It is the vascularized filter of the pronephric kidney. Blood is filtered through the glomus and the filtrate deposited into the coelom early in development, or the nephrocoel later in development. The glomus contains podocytes with well developed foot processes that are anatomically indistinguishable from the podocytes of adult glomeruli. The two glomera are linked via a narrow bridge called the glomeral nexus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000320 sensorial layer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The inner layer of ectoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000324 hypobranchial placode http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure A unique type of neurogenic placode, located ventral and caudal to the 2nd and 3rd pharyngeal pouches, which gives rise to small hypobranchial ganglia of yet unknown function. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000327 right spleen primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003043 primordium Transient splenic primordia that degenerates by NF stage 40. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000329 coelomic epithelium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003045 epithelium The epithelial lining of the coelom. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000330 Mullerian duct http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004000 duct Transient developmental organ that gives rise to oviducts in females (and is documented to persist in some male frogs). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000332 mesonephric late proximal tubule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000148 mesonephric tubule Structure that is the mesonephros nephron's equivalent to the straight proximal segment of a metanephric nephron. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000333 mesonephric early distal tubule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000148 mesonephric tubule The mesonephric equivalent of the ascending limb, or straight distal segment, of metanephric nephrons. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000334 mesonephric late distal tubule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000148 mesonephric tubule The site of bicarbonate resorption in the adult kidney. It is equivalent to the convoluted distal segment of metanephric nephrons. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000336 heart primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003043 primordium The fused aspects of ventral mesoderm, which have migrated from either side of the prechordal plate, and fused ventrally, just behind the cement gland. They give rise to the endocardium at NF stage 27/28. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000337 endocardial tube http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Region in the embryo that consists of precursor cells for the development of the embryonic heart. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000339 left channel of ventral aorta http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000114 artery Of the paired ventral aortas in the tadpole, the one that branches into the left aortic arches. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000340 right channel of ventral aorta http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000114 artery Of the paired ventral aortas in the tadpole, the one that branches into the right aortic arches. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000342 aortic arch 1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000341 aortic arch The anterior member of a series of six paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch that is part of mandibular arch. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000343 aortic arch 2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000341 aortic arch The second in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch that is part of hyoid arch. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000344 aortic arch 3 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000341 aortic arch The third in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 3 lies within the 3rd branchial arch and branches directly from the ventral aorta to the lateral dorsal aorta, and are retained as the branchial arteries providing circulation through the gills in the adult. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000349 larval aorta http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000114 artery The aorta of a postembryonic, hatched or immature tadpole, prior to metamorphosis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000352 aortic arch 5 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000341 aortic arch The fifth in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 5 artery is paired and has a common trunk with aortic arch 6 from the ventral aorta, and drains via a separate branch of the lateral dorsal aorta. Aortic arches 5 and 6 supply the trunk and tail with oxygenated blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000353 aortic arch 6 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000341 aortic arch The sixth in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 6 artery is paired and has a common trunk with aortic arch 5 from the ventral aorta, and drains via a separate branch of the lateral dorsal aorta. It forms part of the pulmonary arteries, and in the later embryo, the ductus arteriosis. Aortic arches 5 and 6 together supply the trunk and tail with oxygenated blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000354 posterior palatine artery http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000114 artery One of three branches of the internal carotid artery, the palatine artery supplies the mouth region. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000355 aortic arch 4 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000341 aortic arch The fourth in a series of paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae, it lies within the 4th branchial arch. The paired aortic arch 4 arteries branch directly from the ventral aorta to the lateral dorsal aorta, and are retained as the branchial arteries providing circulation through the gills in the adult. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000356 vascular endothelium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004010 simple squamous epithelium Simple squamous epithelium that lines blood and lymphatic vessels and the heart. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000357 arterial endothelium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003045 epithelium The thin layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000358 venous endothelium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004010 simple squamous epithelium Simple squamous epithelium that lines the veins. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000361 arteria iliaca communis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000114 artery The blood vessel that bifurcates from the aorta, and supplies the abdominal and pelvic regions. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000362 coeliaco-mesenteric artery http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000114 artery Artery consisting of many branches which supply blood to various organs in the viscus. One of the major blood vessels, branching off the dorsal aorta and supplying the embryonic foregut organs: liver, stomach, intestine, spleen and pancreas. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000364 caudal artery http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000114 artery The posterior extension of the dorsal aorta to the tail region, which degenerates at metamorphosis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000365 arteria subclavia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000114 artery Artery that branches from either side of the dorsal aorta and delivers blood to the musculature of the shoulder region. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000366 internal carotid artery http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000114 artery One of the major arteries of the head, it is the cranial continuation of the aortic arches and the dorsal aorta. It curves ventrally before resuming a dorsal course as it enters the head proper, and it lies ventral to the internal jugular vein. The internal carotid artery gives off palatine, ophthalmic, and cerebral branches by NF stage 41. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000367 cerebral artery http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000114 artery The anterior continuation of the internal carotid artery, which gives off the nasociliary artery anterior to the eye. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000368 ophthalmic artery http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000114 artery A branch of the internal carotid artery that delivers blood to the eye. Together with the opthalmic vein, it forms a double ring encircling the eye and retina. It enters the eye obliquely by crossing over the ophthalmic vein and the internal jugular vein. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000369 anterior palatine artery http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000114 artery One of three branches of the internal carotid artery, it supplies the mouth region. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000370 arteria mesenterica posterior http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000114 artery The artery that supplies the network of blood vessels (the mesentry) to the large intestine. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000371 right lymph heart http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003165 cavitated compound organ The rightmost of the two bilaterally symmetrical lymph hearts that can be seen adjacent to somites 3 and 4 by NF stage 40, and can be seen beating by NF stage 43. Lymph hearts are pulsatile organs, present in lower vertebrates, that function to propel lymph into the venous system. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000372 left lymph heart http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003165 cavitated compound organ The leftmost of the two lymph hearts, pulsatile organs that are present in lower vertebrates and function to propel lymph into the venous system. Two bilaterally symmetrical lymph hearts can be seen adjacent to the somites 3 and 4 by NF stage 40, and can be seen beating by NF stage 43. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000374 dorsal lymph space http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003190 anatomical space Large subdermal lymph-containing space located dorsally near the last vertebrae. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000377 capillary system of liver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000116 capillary The smallest of the blood vessels, parts of the microcirculation, of the liver. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000378 musculoabdominal vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein Ventrolateral component of the external jugular vein. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000379 external jugular vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein One of the bilateral pairs of vessels clearly seen on the ventral surface of the head, running between the heart and the tip of the jaw, and draining the filter apparatus. This vein is more developed by NF stage 45, when it crosses the head dorsolaterally to drain into the Duct of Cuvier and pronephric sinus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000380 lateral postcardinal vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein Vein that first appears as disconnected portions lateral to the Wolffian ducts at NF stage 44, gradually becoming continuous. They come into communication with the medial postcardinals at the kidney sinus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000381 mesonephric sinus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003190 anatomical space Sinus that surrounds the mesonephric tubules and puts lateral and medial postcardinal veins into communication with each other. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000382 internal jugular vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein The main dorsal head vein, it drains into the Duct of Cuvier, and collects blood from the dorsal jaw region, cerebral veins, the ophthalmic vein and the short pharyngeal vein. It forms loop around the olfactory bulb by NF stage 43. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000383 anterior cardinal vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein Vein that returns blood from the dorsal head and drains into the duct of Cuvier via the pronephric sinus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000386 interrenal vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein Vein formed from fusion of the posterior cardinal veins and that extends caudally. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000387 hepatic vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein Vein that carries blood away from the liver. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000388 posterior vena cava http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein Vein that carries de-oxygenated blood from the posterior part of the body to the sinus venosus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000389 gastric vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein One of the veins of the alimentary system. The subintestinal vein is on the right side of the gut and drains the gastric vein on its right side by NF stage 43. The gastric veins carry blood low in oxygen from the surface of the stomach, draining into the left omphalomesenteric vein. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000390 caudal vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein Vein in the tail returning blood from the trunk and tail to the heart, leading directly into the posterior cardinal vein in the posterior trunk. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000391 subinterstitial vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein Vein that carries away fluid in the interstitial spaces. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000392 hepatic portal vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein Vein that starts in capillaries of the alimentary canal and ends in capillaries of the liver. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000393 tail vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein Vein in the tail returning blood from the tail to the heart. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000394 pulmonary vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein Any of the veins that collect blood from the lungs and some small vesicles received from the esophagus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000395 medial abdominal vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein Vein in the posterior region that drains the ventral abdominal wall. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000396 head somite 1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000313 head somite Transient occipital somite that exists from NF stages 17 to 26 only. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000397 sclerotome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Somitic compartment that is a precursor of the axial skeleton. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000401 sclerotomal cartilage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Sclerotome cells of the cartilage fate. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000406 trunk somite 1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000314 trunk somite Trunk somite that is initially the fifth somite, first forming around NF stage 19 and becoming more anteriorly positioned as the head somites degenerate. It is the most anterior somite by NF stage 45 and is adjacent to the otic vesicle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000407 trunk somite 2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000314 trunk somite Trunk somite that is initially the sixth somite and later becomes the secondmost anterior somite. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000408 trunk somite 3 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000314 trunk somite The 1st somite located posterior to the head. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000409 trunk somite 4 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000314 trunk somite The 2nd somite located posterior to the head. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000410 trunk somite 5 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000314 trunk somite The 3rd somite located posterior to the head. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000411 trunk somite 6 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000314 trunk somite The 4th somite located posterior to the head. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000412 trunk somite 7 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000314 trunk somite The 5th somite located posterior to the head. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000414 sclerotomal mesenchyme http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003046 mesenchyme Mesenchymal cells that break from the sclerotome. Such cells migrate from the somite to surround the notochord. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000416 trunk somite 8 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000314 trunk somite The 6th somite located posterior to the head. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000418 trunk somite 10 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000314 trunk somite The 8th somite located posterior to the head. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000419 trunk somite 11 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000314 trunk somite The 9th somite located posterior to the head. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000421 trunk somite 13 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000314 trunk somite The 11th somite located posterior to the head. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000422 tail somite 14 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003143 tail somite The 12th somite located posterior to the head. This somite is resorbed at metamorphosis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000423 tail somite 15 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003143 tail somite The 13th somite located posterior to the head. This somite is resorbed at metamorphosis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000424 tail somite 16 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003143 tail somite The 14th somite located posterior to the head. This somite forms at NF stage 28, by which time head somite 1 has degenerated, and it is resorbed at metamorphosis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000426 olfactory nerve http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000429 cranial nerve Cranial nerve that supplies the nasal organ. It leaves the olfactory lobe, passes through the fenestra olfactoria into the nasal capsule, and there divides into the ramus profundus and ramus dorsalis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000427 gasserian ganglion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000209 ganglion Sensory ganglion of the trigeminal nerve. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000429 cranial nerve http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005309 cephalic nerve Any of the major paired nerves of the head or cephalic region. Twelve pairs of cranial nerves exit/enter the cranium through openings in the skull. The nerves contain efferent axons with motor and glandular functions, as well as afferent axons from cranial ganglia with sensory functions. They are numbered in a rostral to caudal sequence, with the exception of the lateral line nerves. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000437 death http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000000 Xenopus developmental stage Xenopus developmental stage that corresponds to the end of the animal's life. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000439 filter chamber http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003190 anatomical space The structure that enables tadpoles, which are suspension feeders, to trap food particles. The palatoquadrate, ceratohyal and the connecting muscles are responsible for the irrigation and ventilation of the filter apparatus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000440 lateral line placode http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004620 neurogenic placode Thickened placodal areas located anterior and posterior to the otic vesicle. There are 5 distinct lateral line placodes, each giving rise to a single lateral line nerve that will innervate lateral line hair cells and convey information on motion to the adjacent hindbrain. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000441 infraorbital lateral line primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004411 lateral line primordium Lateral line primordium that migrates ventrad along the posterior and ventral margin of the eye. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000442 supraorbital lateral line http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004002 lateral line Lateral line situated along the dorsal margin of the eye. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000443 trunk lateral line http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004002 lateral line A lateral line that is present on the trunk of the organism. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000444 thyroid primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The initial thyroid precursor, which arises from the ventral aspect of the second pharyngeal pouch. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000445 taste bud http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The organ used for chemoreception. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000447 branchial arch 1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000099 branchial arch The most anterior, or first, pharygeal/branchial arch, composed of the mandibular process, forming the posterior border of the stomodeum, and the maxillary process anterior to the stomodeum, containing the first aortic arch. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000448 gill primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003043 primordium A swelling from the 3rd visceral arch at NF stage 35 and 36, which co-occurs with a depression between the 3rd and 6th, forming the external gills by NF stage 39. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000449 branchial arch 2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000099 branchial arch The second pharyngeal/branchial arch; it arises as a thickening of the pharygeal wall between the first and second branchial clefts; contains the second aortic arch; forms part of the hyoid bone, tongue and facial musculature. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000451 branchial arch 3 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000099 branchial arch The third in a series of paired bars in the wall of the pharynx, within which are formed the third aortic arch and the cartilage bar of the visceral skeleton, and forms and supports the gills. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000452 ultimobranchial body http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Anatomical structure that includes small, calcitonin producing glands originating as epithelial growths from the sixth pharyngeal pouch. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000454 liver parenchyme http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The functional units of the liver including the lobules. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000457 pyloric sphincter http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Sphincter muscle that is part of the pyloric region of the stomach. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000458 occipital lateral line http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004002 lateral line A short lateral line that extends from the ear in a posterior-dorsal direction. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000460 hyomandibular lateral line http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004002 lateral line Lateral line complex that radiates on the ventral side of the head from a point between the eye and the base of the larval tentacle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000462 dorsal lateral line http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004002 lateral line The dorsal-most part of the sensory system on the surface of the tadpole consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the tadpole through the water, as well as facilitating schooling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000463 middle lateral line http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004002 lateral line A lateral line that extends from the ear in a posterior direction between the upper and lower lateral lines. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000464 ventral lateral line http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004002 lateral line Ventrally located lateral line that runs over the abdomen. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000465 caudal lateral line http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004002 lateral line Cranial nerve of the caudal lateral line that enters the brain between cranial nerves VIII and IX; contains afferents and sensory efferents to the posterior lateral line ganglion and middle ganglion. Fibers from the posterior lateral line ganglion innervate the occipital dorsal lateral line and trunk lateral lines. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000469 dorsal tail fin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000002 fin The dorsal part of the tail fin. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000470 unicellular gland http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003028 surface structure Any of the large number of glands of the larval skin, particularly common in the fins and adjacent skin of the trunk; also formed in the former frontal gland area on the upper jaw. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000475 optic stalk http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Neural tissue comprising the proximal part of either of the optic vesicles as they project towards the sides of the head; it remains narrow and constitutes the optic stalk (the peripheral part of each expands to form a hollow bulb). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001010 circulatory system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003002 anatomical system Anatomical system that has as its parts the blood and lymph vessels. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001012 Stirnorgan http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Structure that is part of the pineal system, is located in the skin on the dorsal surface of the head, and is exposed continuously to ambient illumination. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001013 musculature of face http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000172 muscle Muscle tissue forming the facial muscles, a group of striated muscles innervated by the facial nerves. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001014 melanophore http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003014 pigment cell A pigment cell that is derived from the neural crest, contains melanin (a brownish-black pigment), and is patchily distributed in the epidermis of the tadpole. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001015 rectal diverticulum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Paired outgrowths of the cloaca that link the pronephric ducts to the exterior of the organism. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001016 abdominal myoblast http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003015 myoblast The myoblast that forms the muscles of the anterior abdominal walls. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001017 connective tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Portion of tissue that consists of mesodermally derived cells and intercellular matrix composed of protein fibers and carbohydrates, which supports, ensheathes and binds together other tissues. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001018 anterior lymph sac http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The protrusion of mesenchymal tissue of the anterior cardinal vein which forms lymph sacs. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001019 proctodeum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003028 surface structure Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into the common cloacal passage. The most posterior section of the larval alimentary system. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001020 elastica externa http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Notochordal membrane covering derived from notochordal epithelium. Its first indication is at NF stage 24, and it is a distinct membrane by NF stage 28. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001021 notochordal epithelium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003045 epithelium Outer layer of cells of the differentiating notochord, which give rise to the elastica externa and interna. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001102 second pancreatic bud http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Second of two pancreatic primordia that give rise to a ventral pancreatic bud. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001103 ventral pancreatic bud http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Either of the two ventral pancreas rudiments that join and fuse with the right end of the dorsal pancreatic rudiment. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003000 anatomical structure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000000 Xenopus anatomical entity Material anatomical entity that has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003001 anatomical group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003000 anatomical structure Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cells of different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003002 anatomical system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003001 anatomical group Anatomical group that has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lower level of granularity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003006 male organism http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003004 whole organism Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003007 anatomical entity in vitro http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000000 Xenopus anatomical entity An experimentally manipulated tissue or portion of the developing embryo, that can be culture alone (in vitro). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003008 activin-induced ectoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003007 anatomical entity in vitro Ectoderm section that has been dissected from the embryo, and treated with activin, and maintained in vitro. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003009 disaggregated/reaggregated ectoderm treated with activin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003007 anatomical entity in vitro NF stage 8 ectoderm of Xenopus laevis embryos that have been cut and disaggregated. The cells have been treated with activin at a concentration to induce endodermal tissue. Afterwards the reaggregated cells have been cultured until control sibling embryos reach stage 12/13. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003011 primary germ layer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003000 anatomical structure Anatomical structure that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003014 pigment cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell Cell type that contains a deposition of coloring matter, the first of which differentiate during late tailbud stage, and that by NF stage 56 has produced a fully differentiated larval pigmentation pattern. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003015 myoblast http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell Embryonic (precursor) cell of the myogenic lineage that develops from the mesoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003016 blastomere http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003241 early embryonic cell An undifferentiated cell produced by early cleavages of the fertilized egg (zygote). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003017 fibroblast http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003255 mesodermal cell A connective tissue cell that secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003018 primary spermatogonium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000111 germ cell A germ cell that is a primordial spermatocyte in a male and that develops into secondary spermatogonia by mitotic division. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003019 spermatocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000111 germ cell The developing male gamete. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003020 secondary spermatogonium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000111 germ cell A type of germ cell that results from the mitotic division of a primary spermatogonium. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003022 Rohon-Beard neuron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003023 neuron Type of neuron that is a primary mechanosensory cell, with peripheral neurites innervating the skin with free nerve endings. It first appears in trunk levels at NF stage 33/34, and at NF stage 35/36 has somas that are the largest in the spinal cord. It forms a nearly continuous double row of cells along the cord's medial dorsal surface and contributes ascending and descending axons to the dorsal tract. It appears well back in the tail by NF stage 39, begins to decline at NF stage 50 and is few in number, with pycnotic nuclei, at NF stage 55. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003023 neuron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell Cell that is the basic unit of nervous tissue, each consisting of a body, an axon, and dendrites, and the purpose of which is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003028 surface structure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003013 organism subdivision Organism subdivision that is the collection of anatomical structures on the body surface. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003032 digit http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster One of several most distal parts of a limb. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003034 viscus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster An internal organ of the body; especially: one (as the heart, liver, or intestine) located in the great cavity of the trunk proper. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005002 multicellular anatomical structure Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003038 simple organ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Multi-tissue structure that is not part of a compound organ. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003039 compound organ component http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005002 multicellular anatomical structure Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organization is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organization. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003041 compound organ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005002 multicellular anatomical structure Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003000 anatomical structure An anatomical structure that exists only before the organism is fully formed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003043 primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure An embryonic structure that is the rudiment or commencement of a part or organ. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003045 epithelium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Portion of tissue that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and that is underlain by a basal lamina. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003046 mesenchyme http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Portion of embryonic tissue consisting of loosely organized, undifferentiated mesodermal or neural crest derived cells, that have specific properties (they are migratory, have no polarity). Mesenchyme cells are incorporated into a wide variety of structures including connective tissue, blood, bone and cartilage as development continues. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003047 nerve http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Portion of tissue that consists of a fasciculated group of axons. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003048 egg http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003150 gamete A mature female germ cell that is capable of initiating formation of a new individual by fusion with a male gamete. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003050 fat body http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003049 adipose tissue Anatomical structure associated with the gonads that vary in form among amphibians but are primarily composed of adipose tissue and are thought to be a source of nutrients for the gonads. A body of adipose tissue, in the form of finger-like projections, usually associated with the anterior end of the testis and ovaries. Fat bodies are suspended from the body wall by dorsal mesentry which is fused with the gonadal mesentry (the mesovarium or mesorchidium). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003051 anterior dorsal lateral plate region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Region located near the pronephros and pronephric ducts that is a site of hematopoiesis in the embryo. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003052 oviduct http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004000 duct A simple ciliated tube through which the ovum travels from the ovaries to the cloaca and the external environment. It is lined with mucus-secreting glands that produce the jelly that surrounds the ovum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003055 hematopoietic stem cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003054 stem cell A stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003059 chondrocranium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003075 cranium Anatomical cluster consisting of a cartilaginous skull that begins to form during early tadpole stage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003060 skeletal system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003002 anatomical system Anatomical system that provides physical support to the organism. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003061 forelimb skeleton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004289 skeletal subdivision The collection of all skeletal elements in a free forelimb region. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003063 pectoral girdle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004289 skeletal subdivision Arched skeletal structure that supports the forelimbs, the rudiments of which can be distinguished in mesenchyme at NF stage 51, and is complete by NF stage 60. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003065 forelimb bud http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003161 limb bud The anterior limb bud that develops into the fore limb; oval shaped in dorsal aspect by NF stage 50, and paddle shaped by NF stage 53; all four fingers and melanophores apparent by NF stage 54. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003066 hindlimb bud http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003161 limb bud The posterior limb bud that develops into the hindlimb; a thickening of the ectoderm first noticeable at NF stage 47, innervated by NF stage 51. The hindlimb buds develop before the forelimb buds. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003073 postcranial axial skeleton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004289 skeletal subdivision Skeletal structure that has as its parts the vertebral column, located in the dorsal part of the trunk, and is formed by a series of vertebrae. It provides suspension for the appendicular skeleton and protection for the spinal nerve cord. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003074 vertebral column http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004289 skeletal subdivision Anatomical cluster that consists of all the vertebrae in the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003075 cranium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster Skeletal system that is part of the head, including the splanchnocranium, chondrocranium, and dermatocranium. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003079 caudal vertebra http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004019 vertebra The bones that make up the tail region of the tadpole. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003080 urostyle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004276 bone element Skeletal element in the midline of the pelvic girdle that arises from somites 10-13. It is a rodlike caudal bony structure unique to anurans that lies within a compartment formed by the elongated, anteriorly oriented pelvic girdle. It is formed by the fusion of the neural arches of the 10th-13th vertebrae, and the posterior-most remnants of the hypochord. Timing of complete ossification varies between NF stages 62 and 66. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003081 larynx http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003165 cavitated compound organ Anatomical structure consisting of a narrowly triangular chamber supported by a series of semicircular cartilages in which part of the sound-production system is located. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003083 braincase and otic capsule skeleton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004289 skeletal subdivision Skeleton encasing the brain and auditory apparatus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003084 lower jaw http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster Anatomical cluster consisting of the ventral portion of the first pharyngeal arch. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003087 upper jaw http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster The dorsal portion of the first pharyngeal arch. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003088 seminiferous tubule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Any of the coiled tubules located in the testes in which spermatozoa are produced. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003090 oculomotor nerve http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000429 cranial nerve Cranial nerve that largely consists of somatic efferent fibers which innervate four eye muscles (m rectus superior, m obliquus inferior, and mm rectus inferior and anterior). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003091 trochlear nerve http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000429 cranial nerve Somatic efferent nerve that runs to the superior oblique muscle of the eye. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003092 trigeminal nerve http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000429 cranial nerve Cranial nerve that has three branches: the ophthalmic branch that supplies the skin of the nose and upper jaw, and the maxillary and mandibular branches that supply the lower jaw. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003093 abducens nerve http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000429 cranial nerve Cranial nerve that runs to the eye muscles. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003094 facial nerve http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000429 cranial nerve Cranial nerve that branches into the supraorbital (supplying the skin of the eye region and the lateral line organs here), the palatine (to the roof of the buccal cavity), and the hyomandibular (dividing into the jugular and mental branches). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003095 vestibulocochlear nerve http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000429 cranial nerve Cranial nerve that runs to the ear. It has two branches, the cochlear nerve and the vestibular nerve, which receives positional information. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003096 glossopharyngeal nerve http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000429 cranial nerve Cranial nerve that branches into the ramus communicans (to the skin), the pretrematic (to the walls of the pharynx and mouth, viscero-sensory fibers), and the larval post-trematic branch (lost in the adult). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003097 vagus nerve http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000429 cranial nerve Cranial nerve that branches into the lateral (to body sense organs) and the intestino-accessorial (to the skin, muscles of shoulder, hyoid, larynx, gut, lungs, and heart). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003100 medulla oblongata http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Posterior portion of the hindbrain that controls respiration, heartbeat, digestion, and swallowing as well as some locomotor responses. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003102 transverse process http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004020 process Any of the projections on each side of the vertebra from the point where the neural arch lamina joins the pedicel for the articulation with the head of a single-headed rib or the upper head of a double-headed rib. Also called diapophyses. They provide surfaces for the attachment of muscles. In anurans, the term transverse process is used in reference to the processes associated with the presacral and postsacral vertebrae. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003103 claw http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003162 acellular anatomical structure Anatomical structure consisting of a small, pointed keratinized appendage at the end of each of the three inner toes of the hindlimbs. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003105 myotome of head somite 2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000315 myotome Compartment of head somite 2 that is a precursor of muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003106 myotome of head somite 3 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000315 myotome Compartment of head somite 3 that is a precursor of muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003107 myotome of head somite 4 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000315 myotome Compartment of head somite 4 that is a precursor of muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003108 myotome of trunk somite 1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000315 myotome Compartment of trunk somite 1 that is a precursor of muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003109 myotome of trunk somite 2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000315 myotome Compartment of trunk somite 2 that is a precursor of muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003110 myotome of trunk somite 3 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000315 myotome Compartment of trunk somite 3 that is a precursor of muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003111 myotome of trunk somite 4 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000315 myotome Compartment of trunk somite 4 that is a precursor of muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003112 sclerotome of head somite 4 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000397 sclerotome Compartment of head somite 4 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003113 sclerotome of trunk somite 1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000397 sclerotome Compartment of trunk somite 1 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003114 sclerotome of trunk somite 2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000397 sclerotome Compartment of trunk somite 2 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003115 sclerotome of trunk somite 3 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000397 sclerotome Compartment of trunk somite 3 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003116 sclerotome of trunk somite 4 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000397 sclerotome Compartment of trunk somite 4 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003118 myotome of trunk somite 6 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000315 myotome Compartment of trunk somite 6 that is a precursor of muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003119 myotome of trunk somite 7 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000315 myotome Compartment of trunk somite 7 that is a precursor of muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003120 myotome of trunk somite 8 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000315 myotome Compartment of trunk somite 8 that is a precursor of muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003121 sclerotome of trunk somite 5 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000397 sclerotome Compartment of trunk somite 5 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003122 sclerotome of trunk somite 6 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000397 sclerotome Compartment of trunk somite 6 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003123 sclerotome of trunk somite 7 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000397 sclerotome Compartment of trunk somite 7 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003124 sclerotome of trunk somite 8 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000397 sclerotome Compartment of trunk somite 8 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003125 myotome of trunk somite 9 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000315 myotome Compartment of trunk somite 9 that is a precursor of muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003127 sclerotome of trunk somite 10 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000397 sclerotome Compartment of trunk somite 10 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003128 myotome of trunk somite 10 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000315 myotome Compartment of trunk somite 10 that is a precursor of muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003130 myotome of trunk somite 11 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000315 myotome Compartment of trunk somite 11 that is a precursor of muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003132 myotome of trunk somite 12 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000315 myotome Compartment of trunk somite 12 that is a precursor of muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003134 myotome of trunk somite 13 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000315 myotome Compartment of trunk somite 13 that is a precursor of muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003138 myotome of tail somite 15 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000315 myotome Compartment of tail somite 15 that is a precursor of muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003139 sclerotome of tail somite 16 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000397 sclerotome Compartment of tail somite 16 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003141 sclerotome of tail somite 17 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000397 sclerotome Compartment of tail somite 17 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003142 myotome of tail somite 17 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000315 myotome Compartment of tail somite 17 that is a precursor of muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003143 tail somite http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000058 somite Any of the somites that form posterior to the trunk and are resorbed at metamorphosis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003144 amphibian papilla http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The principal auditory organ of the frog, which utilizes both mechanical and electrical (hair cell-based) frequency tuning mechanisms for hearing, located near the junction of the utricle and the saccule bones of the inner ear. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003145 basilar papilla http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue A sensory structure in the lagenar portion of an amphibian's membranous labyrinth between the oval and round windows. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003146 gonad http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003165 cavitated compound organ Anatomical structure that produces gametes as well as certain sex hormones controlled by the pituitary gonadotropins. Reproductive organ that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003147 spermatozoon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003150 gamete A mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003149 primordial germ cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000111 germ cell Cell that arises from the endodermal germ plasm and can be detected by NF stage 28 in the endodermal mass. At NF stages 42-47, PGCs migrate to the two genital ridges, which are the first rudiments of the gonads. By NF stage 50, the PGCs begin to loose their yolky material. In males, starting at NF stage 52, PGCs migrate from the genital ridge cortical region into the medullary tissue, where they will form primary spermatogonia at sexual maturity. In females, the medullary tissue remains free of PGCs; they instead embed in the cortical region and multiply to form primary oogonia, which will mature into ova at sexual maturity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003150 gamete http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000111 germ cell A mature male or female germ cell. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003151 spermatid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000111 germ cell Male germ cell that is derived from spermatocytes and develops into spermatozoa. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003152 immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003002 anatomical system Anatomical system that protects the body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues by producing the immune response and that includes especially the thymus, spleen, lymphoid tissue, lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and antibodies. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003153 larval immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003152 immune system The immune system of a postembryonic, hatched or immature tadpole, prior to metamorphosis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003154 adult immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003152 immune system The complete system of biological structures and processes within the adult organism that protects against disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumor cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003155 lymphocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell An achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, which are found in blood or other tissues and trigger specific immune responses in adaptive immunity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003156 natural killer cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003157 T-cell A lymphocyte that can spontaneously kill a variety of target cells without prior antigenic activation via germline encoded activation receptors and also regulate immune responses via cytokine release and direct contact with other cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003158 B-cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003155 lymphocyte A lymphocyte of B lineage that is capable of B-cell mediated immunity and develops in the spleen and liver (but not in the bone marrow). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003159 thymocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003155 lymphocyte An immature T cell located in the thymus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003161 limb bud http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003028 surface structure Structure that is an early outgrowth of a presumptive limb. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003162 acellular anatomical structure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003000 anatomical structure Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003163 basal lamina http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003162 acellular anatomical structure Acellular anatomical structure that consists of a thin sheet of fibrous proteins that underlie and support the cells of an epithelium. It separates the cells of an epithelium from any underlying tissue. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003164 solid compound organ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003041 compound organ Compound organ that does not contain macroscopic anatomical spaces. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003165 cavitated compound organ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003041 compound organ Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003166 appendicular skeleton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004289 skeletal subdivision Skeletal structure that has as its parts the pectoral and pelvic girdles, which articulate with the axial skeleton, together with their associated limbs, the forelimbs and hindlimbs. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003170 neurocranium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster Anatomical cluster that consists of the cartilages and bones that surround the brain. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003172 olfactory region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster Anatomical cluster that is located in the anterior region of the neurocranium and provides structural support for the olfactory organs. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003173 occipital region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster An anatomical cluster that is located in the posterior region of the neurocranium and forms the margin of the foramen margin and occipital condyles. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003174 sphenoid region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster Anatomical cluster that forms the floor and side walls of the middle part of the cranium. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003175 otic region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster Anatomical cluster that is a posterolateral part of the neurocranium and structurally supports the vestibuloauditory system. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003176 splanchnocranium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003075 cranium Regional skeletal system of the jaws, hyoid and branchial arches. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003177 hyoid arch skeleton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004289 skeletal subdivision Skeletal subdivision comprising the skeletal elements of the hyoid arch. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003178 dorsal hyoid arch skeleton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Skeletal subdivision comprising the dorsal skeletal elements of the hyoid arch. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003179 ventral hyoid arch skeleton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Skeletal subdivision comprising the ventral skeletal elements of the hyoid arch. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003180 branchial arch skeleton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004289 skeletal subdivision Skeletal and cartilaginous elements of the branchial arches; the last five of the set of seven pharyngeal arches; generally branchial arch no. 1 is the first branchial arch, or the third pharyngeal arch, but some authors do not follow this convention. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003181 branchial arch skeleton 1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003180 branchial arch skeleton Skeletal and cartilaginous elements of the first branchial or pharyngeal arch. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003183 branchial arch skeleton 3 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003180 branchial arch skeleton Skeletal and cartilaginous elements of the third branchial or pharyngeal arch. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003184 branchial arch skeleton 4 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003180 branchial arch skeleton Skeletal and cartilaginous elements of the fourth branchial or pharyngeal arch. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003185 anatomical direction http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000000 Xenopus anatomical entity Any spatial descriptor that describes the orientation of the anatomical features of an embryo. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000000 Xenopus anatomical entity A region of the whole organism that contains a recognizable set of structures or anatomical entities. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003188 proximal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003185 anatomical direction Spatial concept denoting a part of the body that is closer to the center of the body than another part. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003189 distal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003185 anatomical direction Spatial concept denoting a part of the body that is farther away from the center of the body than another part. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003190 anatomical space http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000000 Xenopus anatomical entity Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003191 left atrium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003165 cavitated compound organ The chamber of the heart that receives blood from the lungs. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003193 cardiac ventricle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003165 cavitated compound organ Cardiac chamber that consists of a wall that surrounds the cavity of a ventricle. The amphibian heart has a single ventricle and an outflow tract with an incomplete spiral septum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003194 sensory system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003002 anatomical system Part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003197 gustatory system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003194 sensory system The sensory system used for the sense of taste. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003199 lymphatic system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003002 anatomical system Part of the circulatory system that consists of a series of vessels that collect blood (exclusive of erythrocytes) which seeps through capillary walls and return it to the veins. The lymphatic system of vasculature drains lymph fluid from the tissue spaces of most organs and returns it to the blood vasculature for recirculation. The lymphatic sytem functions in immune responses. Anurans generate a lot of lymphatic fluid, largely as a consequence of their very leaky vasculature and high interstitial compliance. Lymph is ultimately pumped into the venous system by paired, dorsally located lymph hearts. Hedrick et al (2007) showed that lung inflation and deflation assists lymph movement. Lymph is moved during lung deflation to the subvertebral sac from anterior and posterior lymph sacs. During lung inflation, increased lymph sac pressure moves lymph to axillary regions, where lymph hearts can return lymph to the vascular space. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003200 gut epithelium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003045 epithelium The epithelium of the gut. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003202 pharyngeal epithelium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004007 unilaminar epithelium Epithelium lining the pharynx, consisting largely of simple columnar epithelium. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003203 dental epithelium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003045 epithelium Epithelium that is part of a developing tooth or dental organ. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003204 neural tube http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Hollow epithelial tube on the dorsal side of the embryo that develops into the brain and spinal cord. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003205 chondrocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell Polymorphic cell type that forms cartilage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003206 podocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell Cell type that is a component of the glomus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003207 carpus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004276 bone element The cluster of bones in the wrist between the radius, ulna and metacarpus, they do not belong to individual fingers, but allow the wrist to move and rotate. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003208 metacarpus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004276 bone element Each of the bones forming the part of the hand between the fingers and the wrist. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003209 radio-ulna http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004018 endochondral bone Either of the paired, long bones of endochondral origin formed by the fusion of the radius and ulna. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003210 humerus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004018 endochondral bone Either of the paired, elongate, cylindrical forelimb bones of endochondral origin that extend from the pectoral girdle (shoulders) to the elbows. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003211 tarsus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004276 bone element A bone of the wrist of the hindlimb, which remains cartilaginous until NF stage 66. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003212 metatarsus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004276 bone element Each of the bones forming the part of the foot between the toes and the heel. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003213 tibia-fibula http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004018 endochondral bone Bone of the lower hind leg, which undergoes ossification from NF stage 56 to stage 66. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003214 femur http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004018 endochondral bone Either of the paired, elongate, cylindrical bones of endochondral origin that form the thighs, extending from the pelvic girdles to the knees. Proximal bone of the hind leg, which begins to ossify at NF stage 55. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003215 photoreceptor layer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The layer within the retina where the photoreceptor cell receptor segments reside. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003216 retinal neural layer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The layer of nerve cells in the retina. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003217 retinal pigmented epithelium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003045 epithelium The monolayer of pigmented epithelium covering the neural retina. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003218 retinal outer plexiform layer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The layer within the retina where the bipolar cells synapse with the photoreceptor cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003219 retinal outer nuclear layer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The layer within the retina where the photoreceptor cell bodies reside. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003220 optic fiber layer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Fiber layer adjacent the retinal ganglion cell layer that comprises its axons as they traverse to the optic nerve. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003221 retinal inner nuclear layer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The layer of the retina composed of the cell bodies of bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and some of the cell bodies of amacrine cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003224 outer limiting membrane http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue A thin fenestrated layer of the pars nervosa retinae adjacent to the outer nuclear layer and through which extend the visual rods and cones. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003225 retinal inner plexiform layer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The plexiform layer of the retina positioned between the inner nuclear layer and the ganglion cell layer and containing the dendrites of retinal ganglion cells and processes of bipolar and amacrine cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003226 optic tectum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Structure that is the anterodorsal-most region of the midbrain and is responsible for auditory and visual reflexes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003229 epaxial muscle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000174 skeletal muscle Trunk muscle that lies dorsal to the horizontal septum of the vertebrae. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003230 trunk musculature http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster Muscle that is located posterior to the head and anterior to the tail and consists of epaxial and hypaxial muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003231 absorptive cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A cell that takes up stuff and metabolizes it. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003232 acid secreting cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell Any of the cell types of the digestive system that secrete amino acid peptides or polypeptides. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003233 acinar cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell Exocrine functioning cells of the pancreas. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003235 barrier cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A cell whose primary function is to prevent the transport of stuff across compartments. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003236 barrier epithelial cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003249 epithelial cell A surface epithelial cell of stratified squamous epithelium of cornea, tongue, oral cavity, esophagus or cloaca. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003239 circulating cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A cell that moves among different tissues of the body, via blood, lymph, or other medium. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003240 digestive enzyme secreting cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A type of cell, found in the digestive tract, that secrete enzymes that break down polymeric macromolecules into their smaller building blocks, in order to facilitate their absorption by the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003242 morula cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003241 early embryonic cell A cell of the early embryo at the developmental stage in which the blastomeres, resulting from repeated mitotic divisions of the fertilized ovum (zygote), form a compact cell mass. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003244 gastrula cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003241 early embryonic cell A cell of the embryo in the early stage following the blastula, characterized by morphogenetic cell movements, cell differentiation, and the formation of the three germ layers. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003245 ectodermal cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A cell of the outer of the three germ layers of the embryo. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003247 endocrine cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A cell of an endocrine gland, ductless glands that secrete substances which are released directly into the circulation and which influence metabolism and other body functions. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003248 endodermal cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003250 exocrine cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A cell of an exocrine gland, i.e. a gland that discharges its secretion via a duct. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003252 keratin accumulating cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A cell that is specialized to accumulate keratins, a family of fibrous structural proteins. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003254 Merkel cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A modified epidermal cell located in the stratum basale. They are found mostly in areas where sensory perception is acute. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003255 mesodermal cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A cell of the middle germ layer of the embryo. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003256 mucus secreting cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A type of epithelial cell, found in the epidermis and digestive system, whose function is to secrete mucin, which dissolves in water to form protective mucus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003257 myelin accumulating cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A cell that is specialized to accumulate myelin. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003258 neuromast mantle cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A non-sensory cell type surrounding the neuromast support cells and neuromast hair cells, separating the neuromast from the epidermis, and secreting cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all the hair cells are embedded. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003260 nucleate erythrocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004150 erythroid lineage cell An erythrocyte (red blood cell) which has a nucleus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003263 paracrine cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A secretory cell that secretes an agonist into intercellular spaces in which it diffuses to a target cell other than that which produced it. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003264 pericyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A slender, contractile, mesenchymal-like cell found in close association with capillary walls. They are relatively undifferentiated and may become fibroblasts, macrophages, or smooth muscle cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003265 somatic stem cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003054 stem cell A stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003266 liver primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003043 primordium Embryonic primordium consisting of an endodermal thickening that develops into the liver. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003267 kidney http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003165 cavitated compound organ Either of the pair of structures lying on either side of the dorsal aorta in which fluid balance is regulated and waste is excreted out in the form of urine. Amphibians (and fish) have a early kidney, the pronephros/pronephric kidney, which consitsts of a single nephron attached to a pronephric duct, which in turn is linked to the cloaca. The pronephros functions as primary filtration system for the embryo while the mesonephric kidney develops. The pronephros starts to degenerate at NF stage 53. The mesonephros starts to form at NF stage 39 and contuinues to grow into the adult kidney. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003269 jaw muscle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004322 cranial muscle Type of muscle that arises in the zygomatic arch and closes the jaw. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004000 duct http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure A tube shaped portion of tissue lined with epithelial cells that collects secretions and routes them to their destination. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004001 portion of organism substance http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000000 Xenopus anatomical entity Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004002 lateral line http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Any of the sense organs that detect vibrations carried through water. They develop from a specialized series of dorsolateral ectodermal placodes named lateral line placodes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004003 anatomical line http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000000 Xenopus anatomical entity Non-material anatomical entity of one dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical surface or is a modulation of an anatomical surface. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004004 atypical epithelium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003045 epithelium Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004005 extraembryonic structure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003000 anatomical structure Anatomical structure that is contiguous with the embryo and comprises portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004006 multilaminar epithelium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003045 epithelium Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004007 unilaminar epithelium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003045 epithelium Epithelium that consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004008 simple columnar epithelium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004007 unilaminar epithelium Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of columnar cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004009 simple cuboidal epithelium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004007 unilaminar epithelium Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004010 simple squamous epithelium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004007 unilaminar epithelium Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of squamous cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004012 skeletal element Skeletal element that is composed of cartilage tissue and may be permanent or transient. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004015 dermal bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004014 membrane bone Skeletal element that forms superficially in the organism, usually in association with the ectoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004016 regenerating skeletal element http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004012 skeletal element Skeletal element that forms as a replacement or substitution of another element or tissue. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004018 endochondral bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004017 endochondral element Replacement bone that forms within cartilage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004019 vertebra http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004018 endochondral bone Main component of the vertebral column. It consists of two essential parts, a dorsal neural arch and a ventral centrum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004023 craniofacial skeleton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004279 cranial skeleton Cranial skeleton derived from neural crest cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004024 craniofacial region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster Anatomical cluster that encompasses the cranium and facial structures. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004026 endoskeleton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004289 skeletal subdivision Skeletal system that undergoes indirect development and includes elements that develop as a replacement or substitution of other elements or tissues. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004027 extracellular matrix http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003162 acellular anatomical structure Anatomical structure composed of a combination of protein fibers, ground substance and tissue fluid; typically has embedded cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004028 fibrocartilage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000170 cartilage tissue Cartilage tissue intermediate between hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue; contains of abundant collagen fibers; chondrocytes often arranged in columns. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004030 dense regular connective tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001017 connective tissue Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibers organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004031 ligament http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004030 dense regular connective tissue Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements or supporting an organ. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004032 proteinaceous extracellular matrix http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004027 extracellular matrix A layer consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that forms a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. The proteins are secreted by cells in the vicinity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004033 avascular GAG-rich matrix http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004032 proteinaceous extracellular matrix Proteinaceous extracellular matrix that is avascular and consists primarily of glycosaminoglycans. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004034 mineralized extracellular matrix http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004032 proteinaceous extracellular matrix Extracellular matrix that is mineralized. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004035 osteoid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005000 matrix-based tissue Bone tissue that is an unmineralized bone matrix deposited by osteoblasts prior to the mineralization of bone tissue. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004036 mineralized avascular GAG-rich matrix http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004034 mineralized extracellular matrix Avascular GAG-rich matrix that is mineralized. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004037 non-mineralized avascular GAG-rich matrix http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004033 avascular GAG-rich matrix Avascular GAG-rich matrix that is not mineralized. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004038 skeletal tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001017 connective tissue A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004039 mineralized tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004038 skeletal tissue Skeletal tissue that is mineralized. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004040 mineralized bone tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004039 mineralized tissue Bone tissue mineralized with hydroxyapatite. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004041 mineralized hyaline cartilage tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004039 mineralized tissue Hyaline cartilage tissue that is mineralized. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004043 non-mineralized cartilage tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000170 cartilage tissue Cartilage tissue that is not mineralized. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004044 non-mineralized hyaline cartilage tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004043 non-mineralized cartilage tissue Hyaline cartilage tissue that is not mineralized. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004045 odontogenic papilla http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004021 cell condensation Cell condensation that is a well-defined population of densely organized mesenchymal cells that aggregates adjacent to an epithelium. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004047 oropharyngeal papilla http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004045 odontogenic papilla Odontogenic papilla located along the jaws or pharyngeal skeleton. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004048 oropharynx http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster Anatomical cluster that comprises the oral part of the pharynx. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004050 perichordal tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001017 connective tissue Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the notochord; includes a layer of elastin. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004051 dentine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004046 odontoid tissue Collagen-rich odontogenic tissue characteristic of teeth and tooth-like skeletal elements (e.g., odontodes); mature dentine is mineralized and develops from predentine tissue; often (but not always) tubular and acellular. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004052 pre-dentine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004046 odontoid tissue Odontogenic tissue that is collagen-rich and characteristic of vertebrate teeth and tooth-like structures (e.g., odontodes) deposited by preodontoblasts and odontoblasts that are typically excluded from the matrix. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004053 skeleton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg, bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004054 vacuolated notochordal tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001017 connective tissue Connective tissue that is matrix-poor with large number of vacuolated cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004055 mineralized cartilage tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000170 cartilage tissue Cartilage tissue that is mineralized. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004056 distal mesenchyme http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003046 mesenchyme Mesenchyme cells that proliferate in the progress zone of developing limb buds. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004057 tail tip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Portion of tissue comprising the posterior end of the tail fin. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004058 ampullary nerve http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003047 nerve Nerve that is a branch of cranial nerve VIII and innervates the cristae ampullaris. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004059 regenerating tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue A portion of tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004060 blastema http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004059 regenerating tissue A regenerating tissue composed of a proliferative mass of undifferentiated progenitor cells from which new differentiated structures arise. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004061 dorsal fin margin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005171 fin margin Fin margin which is part of the dorsal fin. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004063 dorsal fin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000002 fin The unsupported flaps of epidermis-covered, loose connective tissue extending the length of the dorsal tail muscle, originating at or near the tail-body junction, and extending posteriorly to slightly beyond the tip of the notochord and tail musculature. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004067 suprablastoporal endoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue During gastrulation, the ring of endodermal cells that overlie the larger sub-blastoral endoderm cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004068 sub-blastoporal endoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue During gastrulation, the vegetal endodermal cells that lie just below the ring of smaller suprablastoral endoderm cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004069 migratory neural crest cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell Neural crest that lose their connections to other neuroepithelial cells during the delamination process and begin to migrate. This involves either partial or complete epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Numerous molecules have been demonstrated to guide a neural crest cell's migration to its target tissue. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004071 optic chiasm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Decussation of cranial nerve II axons whereby some cross the midline and some remain ipsilateral. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004072 suprachiasmatic nucleus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus The ventral region of the alar hypothalamus. It is a diencephalic nucleus that is part of the preoptic area and is ventrolateral to the caudal parvocellular preoptic nucleus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004074 intersomitic region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Anatomical region between somites. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004075 intersomitic vessel http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001011 blood vessel Primary blood vessel sprouts that originate from the aorta and grow dorsally between the somites. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004076 intersomitic tendon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000173 tendon A tendon located in the intersomitic region. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004077 intersomitic epithelium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003045 epithelium Epithelium located in the intersomitic region. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004078 intersomitic neuron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003023 neuron Neuron located in the intersomitic region. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004079 rhombomere http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004597 neuromere Any of the transient sequential subdivisions of the developing hindbrain, all posterior to the midbrain-hindbrain boundary. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004080 rhombomere R2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004079 rhombomere The 2nd most anterior segment of the developing hindbrain, which along with r3 is dorsal to brancial arch 1. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004081 rhombomere R3 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004079 rhombomere The 3rd segment of the developing hindbrain, between rhombomeres r2 and r4, which along with r2 is dorsal to branchial arch 1. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004082 rhombomere R4 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004079 rhombomere The 4th segment of the developing hindbrain, between rhombomeres r3 and r5 and dorsal to branchial arch 2. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004084 rhombomere R6 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004079 rhombomere The 6th segment of the developing hindbrain, directly bordering the midbrain-hindbrain boundary, and dorsal to branchial arch 4. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004087 neural fold http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue One of the two edges of the neural groove. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004088 animal pole http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region The apical region of the animal hemisphere. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004089 periocular region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Anatomical region that surrounds the eye but is within the orbit. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004090 optic field http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Portion of tissue that is part of the anterior neural plate and will form the optic vesicle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004093 profundal placode http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004620 neurogenic placode An embryonic structure positioned halfway between the prospective eye and ear, adjacent to the future midbrain-hindbrain boundary. The profundal and the trigeminal ganglia are separate distally but fused at their proximal end as they condense around NF stage 24. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004094 lens epithelium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003045 epithelium Epithelium that borders the anterior and equitorial region of the lens. Lens growth occurs via the differentiation of additional fibre cells from lens epithelial cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004095 lens transitional zone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The region of the lens of the eye where cells from the anterior epithelial capsule become transformed into the fibers that compose the lens substance. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004096 lens fiber cell mass http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Portion of tissue comprising fibers that form the bulk of the lens. They are long, thin, transparent cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004097 horizontal cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003023 neuron A neuron that laterally connects other neurons in the inner nuclear layer of the retina. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004098 bipolar neuron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004267 interneuron A type of interneuron that has two neurites, usually an axon and a dendrite, extending from opposite poles of an ovoid cell body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004099 amacrine cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004267 interneuron Interneuron of the retina. They integrate, modulate, and interpose a temporal domain in the visual message presented to the retinal ganglion cells, with which they synapse in the inner plexiform layer. They lack large axons. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004100 retinal ganglion cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003023 neuron Type of neuron that receives neural inputs via bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells. The axons of these cells make up the optic nerve. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004101 optic tract http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Diencephalic white matter (tract) that is composed of retinal ganglion cell axons after which they have passed through the optic chiasm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004102 pre-chordal neural plate border http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The portion of the neural plate border that is anterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004104 neural plate border http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The boundary between non-neural ectoderm and the neural plate of neurula stage embryos, giving rise to the neural crest and cranial placodes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004105 pronephric tubule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Any of bilaterally paired tubes that perform the resorptive and excretory functions of the pronephros, and which connect the pronephric glomeruli to the pronephric ducts. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004107 regenerating hindlimb http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004311 regenerating limb A portion of hind limb tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004110 eye photoreceptor cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A cell found in the retina of the eye that is specialized to detect and transduce light. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004111 retinal cone cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004110 eye photoreceptor cell One of the two photoreceptor cell types in the retina. In cones the photopigment is in invaginations of the cell membrane of the outer segment. Cones are less sensitive to light than rods, but they provide vision with higher spatial and temporal acuity, and the combination of signals from cones with different pigments allows color vision. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004112 retinal rod cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004110 eye photoreceptor cell One of the two photoreceptor cell types of the retina. In rods the photopigment is in stacks of membranous disks separate from the outer cell membrane. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but rod mediated vision has less spatial and temporal resolution than cone vision. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004113 vegetal pole http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region The apical region of the vegetal hemisphere. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004114 stage I oocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000256 oocyte A developing female gamete that is at the pre-vitellogenic stage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004115 stage II oocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000256 oocyte A developing female gamete that is at the early vitellogenic stage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004116 stage III oocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000256 oocyte A developing female gamete that is at the mid-vitellogenic stage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004117 stage IV oocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000256 oocyte A developing female gamete that is at the stage in which polarization along the animal-vegetal axis is established. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004118 stage V oocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000256 oocyte A developing female gamete that is at the late vitellogenic stage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004119 stage VI oocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000256 oocyte A female gamete that is at the fully grown stage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004120 cardiac jelly http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004027 extracellular matrix A sheet of extracellular matrix that separates the outer myocardial cell layer from the inner endocardial tube in the early embryonic heart. As the heart is going through the looping stages, this extracellular matrix/cardiac jelly starts to thicken in two regions, the atrioventricular canal region and the ventricular outflow tract region. These two discrete swellings of cardiac jelly are known as cardiac cushions. The cardiac jelly plays a central role in the septation of the heart and comprises most of the thickness of the heart wall at early stages, but disappears as the heart differentiates. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004121 apical ectodermal ridge http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004122 proliferative region A thickened layer of ectodermal cells at the distal tip of a developing limb bud. Along with the zone of polarizing activity, it is a crucial organizing region during limb development. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004122 proliferative region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster Anatomical cluster that consists of rapidly dividing cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004124 atrioventricular canal endocardium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000066 endocardium Endocardium that is part of the atrioventricular canal. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004125 atrioventricular valve leaflet http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue A portion of tissue forming a cusp guarding the opening of the atrioventricular valve. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004126 cardiac valve http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Portion of tissue that prevents regurgitation of blood from the ventricles to the atria or from the pulmonary arteries or aorta to the ventricles. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004127 m. geniohyoideus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004326 hypobranchial head muscle Muscle that pulls the hyoid apparatus forward and depresses the lower jaw. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004128 m. rectus abdominis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000172 muscle Muscle of the abdomen that continues anteriorly as the m. rectus cervicis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004129 m. rectus cervicus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004326 hypobranchial head muscle Muscle that retracts the hyoid and, therefore, the tongue. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004131 lateral crista http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004138 sensory epithelial cell Horizontal (lateral) patch of cristae/sensory epithelia cells of the inner ear. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004132 presumptive ectoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Presumptive structure at the animal pole of the blastula that will develop into ectoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004133 posterior crista http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004138 sensory epithelial cell Posterior patch of cristae/sensory epithelia cells of the inner ear. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004135 rhombic lip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003043 primordium The interface between the dorsal neuroepithelium and the roof plate of the fourth ventricle. The source of a number of migratory neuron populations of the hindbrain. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004136 saccular macula http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Portion of tissue that is a patch of thickened, pseudostratified epithelium in the inner ear, consisting of regular arrays of sensory hair cells interspersed with supporting cells. The macula saccule senses linear acceleration and gravity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004137 anterior crista http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004138 sensory epithelial cell Anterior patch of cristae/sensory epithelia cells of the inner ear. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004138 sensory epithelial cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003249 epithelial cell A specialized epithelial cell involved in sensory perception. Restricted to special sense organs of the olfactory, gustatory, and vestibuloauditory systems; they contain sensory cells surrounded by supportive, non-receptive cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004139 outflow tract http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The portion of the heart through which blood flows into the pulmocutaneous and systemic arteries. It is derived from cardiac precusor cells of the secondary heart field, and septation is incomplete. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004140 ventricular outflow tract http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure A portion of either the left ventricle or right ventricle of the heart through which blood passes in order to enter the great arteries. The right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is an infundibular extension of the ventricular cavity which connects to the pulmonary artery. The left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), which connects to the aorta, is nearly indistinguishable from the rest of the ventricle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004141 spiral septum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005422 septum The thin, spiral-shaped membranous structure within the ventricular outflow tract of the heart. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004142 vestibulocochlear ganglion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000209 ganglion Ganglion that provides afferent innervation for hair cells associated with both the auditory and vestibular components of the inner ear. As the otic placode invaginates into a cup neuroblasts delaminate from the anterior ventral aspect of the otic epithelium to give rise to neurons of the vestibulocochlear (statoacoustic) ganglion of cranial nerve VIII. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004144 anterior ventral blood island http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Region that is overlapping, anterior, and dorsal to the main body of the ventral blood island. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004145 vestibular apparatus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure A small, oval, bony chamber of the labyrinth. The vestibule contains the utricle and saccule, organs which are part of the balancing apparatus of the ear. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004146 hemangioblast http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A pluripotent cell in the ventral blood island that can give rise to mesenchymal cells including erythrocytes and endothelial cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004147 vitelline vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein One of two veins that run upward at first in front, and subsequently on either side of the intestinal canal. They unite on the ventral aspect of the canal, and beyond this are connected to one another by two anastomotic branches, one on the dorsal, and the other on the ventral aspect of the duodenal portion of the intestine, which is thus encircled by two venous rings; into the middle or dorsal anastomosis the superior mesenteric vein opens. The portions of the veins above the upper ring become interrupted by the developing liver and broken up by it into a plexus of small capillary-like vessels termed sinusoids. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004148 myeloid cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004149 endothelial cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell Cell that comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004150 erythroid lineage cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004148 myeloid cell An immature or mature cell in the lineage leading to and including erythrocytes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004151 tail vasculature http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001011 blood vessel Posterior vascular precursor cells of the tail region. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004152 head vasculature http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The blood vessels of the head region. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004153 retinal blood vessel http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001011 blood vessel Blood vessels of the retina. May be visible in periocular stainings. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004154 hyaloid blood vessel http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001011 blood vessel Vessels that are associated with the posterior region of the lens. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004155 hyaloid artery http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004154 hyaloid blood vessel The hyaloid artery is a branch of the ophthalmic artery, which is itself a branch of the internal carotid artery. It is contained within the optic stalk of the eye and extends from the optic disc through the vitreous humor to the lens. Its purpose is to supply nutrient to the developing lens. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004157 hyaloid vascular plexus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004154 hyaloid blood vessel Network of intersecting blood vessels associated with the posterior region of the lens. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004158 anterior cerebral vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004160 cerebral vein Vein that crosses the head dorsally at NF stage 37/38 and drains into the vena capitis medialis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004161 middle cerebral vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004160 cerebral vein Type of vein that crosses the head dorsally at NF stage 37/38 and drains into the vena capitis lateralis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004162 pulmonary artery http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000114 artery Type of artery that carries blood from the heart to the lungs. They are the only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood. Develops from aortic arch 6. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004163 angioblast http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A precursor cell of the vascular endothelium which organizes into the primitive blood vessels during embryogenesis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004164 intersomitic vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004075 intersomitic vessel Type of vein that sprouts from the posterior cardinal vein, growing dorsally between the somites, and then joining, and draining the dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004165 intersomitic artery http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004075 intersomitic vessel The small branching sprouts of the dorsal aorta that grow across the medial surface of the somite, turn right angles to grow over that surface and then fuse with other sprouts and form the vertebral arteries adjacent to the neural tube; the intersomitic arteries supply the body wall and persist in the adult as the posterior intercostal, subcostal and the lumbar arteries. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004166 left omphalomesenteric vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000376 omphalomesenteric vein In the trunk region, one of the veins into which the subintestinal vein drains, and which breaks up to merge with the vitelline network at NF stage 40. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004167 metencephalic artery http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000114 artery The artery that crosses the brain dorsally, and meets the metencephalic vein. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004168 metencephalic vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein The vein that crosses the brain dorsally, parallel with the mid-cerebral vein, and meets the metencephalic artery. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004170 vena capitis medialis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein One of the major dorsal head veins that drains into the anterior cardinal vein, the other being the vena capitis lateralis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004171 vena capitis lateralis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein One of the major dorsal head veins that drains into the anterior cardinal vein, the other being the vena capitis medialis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004172 subintestinal vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein Vein that is formed from and drains into the left omphalomesentric vein, and by NF stage 40, it is on the left side of the gut. It moves to the most ventral aspect of the gut during stage 41, and is on the right side of the gut by stage 43. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004173 mesencephalic artery http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000114 artery The major artery of the midbrain, which crosses the midbrain medially to meet its partner the mesencephalic vein. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004174 mesencephalic vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein The major vein of the midbrain, which crosses the midbrain medially to meet its partner the mesencephalic artery. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004175 nasociliary artery http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000114 artery The main artery of the olfactory region which arises from the cerebral artery at NF stage 41. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004176 optic choroid vascular plexus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004143 vascular plexus A plexus of capillaries that is located anteromedial to the eye. It is a capillary layer in the choroid. It is in contact with the basal surface of the retinal pigmented epithelium and supplies the photoreceptors with oxygen and nutrients. The fused basement membrane of this capillary layer and the pigmented epithelium is called Bruch's membrane. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004177 dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001011 blood vessel Vessel into which intersomitic vessels enter in a regular pattern at each intersomitic junction. Posterior to the gut, the DLAV drains into the fused posterior cardinal vein by a minor right branch and a major left branch. By NF stage 36 the DLAV extends fully to the tip of the tail. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004178 dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel - left branch http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004177 dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel The major (left) branch of the dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel (dlav); it remains as the sole branch after the right branch breaks up at NF stage 44. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004179 dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel - right branch http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004177 dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel The minor (right) branch of the dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel (dlav); the right branch disappears during NF stage 44. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004180 olfactory bulb http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Part of the telencephalon, comprising paired anterior outgrowths of either of the cerebral hemispheres in which the olfactory nerve exits. The olfactory bulbs begin to fuse at NF stage 50, and fusion is complete around NF stage 58. The cerebral vein loops around the olfactory bulb by NF stage 43. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004181 cardiac myocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004475 myocyte Type of myocyte that is responsible for heart contraction. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004182 pericardium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000139 peritoneum The outer membrane/wall of the developing heart, surrounding the myocardium. Peritoneum that surrounds the heart. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004183 pericardial muscle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000172 muscle Muscle that is paired and runs anterio-posteriorly along the heart and is covered with epicardium. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004185 primary heart field http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The field of cardiac progenitor cells that form the heart tube in the embryonic heart. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004186 secondary heart field http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The population of cells located in the splanchnic mesoderm that contribute to the formation of the spiral septum of the outflow tract of the embryonic heart; it is located anterior to the primary heart field. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004187 anterior branchial crest http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Branchial crest that is the 3rd neural crest stream and lays between hyoid crest and posterior branchial crest. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004188 posterior branchial crest http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Branchial crest that is the most posterior of the five neural crest streams. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004190 cardiac neural crest http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Neural crest that develops from the dorsal neural tube. It overlaps the vagal neural crest and migrates to contribute to the pharyngeal arches 3, 4 and 6 (producing structures in the head) and to the heart where it contributes to connective tissue (septa) that separates the vessels of the heart. Cardiac neural crest develops into melanocytes, cartilage, connective tissue and neurons of some pharyngeal arches. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004191 vagal neural crest http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005327 chordal neural crest One of the 5 distinct and partially overlapping functional domains of the premigratory neural crest. Together with the sacral neural crest cells, they develop into the ganglia of the enteric nervous system, also known as the parasympathetic ganglia. These cells, between the head and trunk, contribute post-cranially to the heart and gut, the chromatophores (pigment cells) of the epidermis, and the majority of the neurons and glial cells of the enteric nervous system. Both vagal and sacral neural crest cells contribute to the enteric nervous system in the hindgut. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004192 sacral neural crest http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005327 chordal neural crest One of the 5 distinct and partially overlapping functional domains of the premigratory neural crest. Together with the vagal neural crest cells, they develop into the ganglia of the enteric nervous system, also known as the parasympathetic ganglia. Sacral crest cells are associated with extrinsic nerve fibers of the hindgut and colon. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004193 ossicle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004012 skeletal element Skeletal element that is often isolated, small, and variable in composition. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004194 appendicular ossicle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004193 ossicle Ossicle that is part of the appendicular skeleton. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004195 cellular bone tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004040 mineralized bone tissue Mineralized bone tissue that always includes non-terminally differentiated osteoblasts and osteocytes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004196 cementum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004046 odontoid tissue Odontoid tissue that is deposited by cementoblasts onto dentine tissue and functions to attach teeth, odontodes and other odontogenic derivatives to bone tissue and the integument. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004197 elastic cartilage tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004044 non-mineralized hyaline cartilage tissue Cartilage tissue that is flexible and contains abundant elastic fibers. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004198 enamel http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004046 odontoid tissue Skeletal tissue that consists of an avascular, noncollagenous, hypermineralized matrix that is deposited by ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix. It develops from organic pre-enamel tissue that is replaced by a largely inorganic matrix. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004200 non-mineralized chondroid tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004038 skeletal tissue Chondroid tissue that is not mineralized. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004201 odontode tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004046 odontoid tissue Skeletal tissue that is avascular tubular mineralized matrix, primarily made of dentine that is deposited by odontoblasts that are excluded from the matrix; develops from pre-dentine tissue. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004202 pre-enamel http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004046 odontoid tissue Odontogenic tissue that is avascular non-mineralized matrix that is deposited by preameloblast and ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004204 sesamoid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004193 ossicle Replacement element; an ossicle; often an endochondral replacement element that has cartilage and bone states that develops in dense regular connective tissue (e.g., tendons and ligaments). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004205 gall bladder primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003043 primordium A sac-like cavity ventral to the liver, lying in the sub-mesodermal space and closed by a thin sheet of ectodermal cells, from which the future gall bladder develops. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004206 anterior placodal area http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue One of the 3 domains of the U-shaped preplacodal ectoderm (PPE), which lies abutting and anterior to the neural plate. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004207 posterior placodal area http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue One of the 3 domains of the U-shaped preplacodal ectoderm (PPE), which lies abutting and lateral to the chordal neural plate border and neural crest. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004209 anterior neural ridge http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The region that delineates the rostral boundary of the neural plate in the neural stage embryo, and is devoid of neural crest cells. It gives rise to the pre-placodal region, some elements of the forebrain, and the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004210 infundibulum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The region of the diencephalon above Rathke's pouch, and forms the posterior lobe of the pituitary. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004211 facial epibranchial placode http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000284 epibranchial placode The most anterior of the epibranchial placodes, associated with the 1st pharyngeal cleft and contributing to the distal ganglia of cranial nerve VII (facial nerve). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004212 glossopharyngeal epibranchial placode http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000284 epibranchial placode The central of the three epibranchial placodes, associated with the 2nd pharyngeal cleft and contributing to the distal ganglia of cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal nerve). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004213 vagal epibranchial placode http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000284 epibranchial placode The most posterior of the epibranchial placodes, in 3 distinct zones, associated with the 3rd to 6th pharyngeal clefts, and contributing to the facial, lateral line and glossopharyngeal ganglion. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004214 accessory nerve http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000429 cranial nerve Small motor nerve that emerges from the lateral wall of the medulla with the roots of the vagus nerve, and innervates a single pectoral suspensory muscle, the m. cucullaris. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004215 hypoglossal nerve http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000429 cranial nerve Nerve that leads to the muscles of the tongue (mm geniohyoideus, genioglossus, hyoglossus, and rectus cervicis) and has both sensory and motor functions. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004216 glomeral nexus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The narrow bridge that links the two glomera of the pronephric kidney. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004219 ceratohyal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element Cartilaginous element that, together with the palatoquadrate and connecting musculature, is responsible for the ventilation and irrigation of the of the filter apparatus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004221 anterior lateral line placode http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000440 lateral line placode Lateral line placode that gives rise to the anterior lateral line nerve. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004222 middle lateral line placode http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000440 lateral line placode Lateral line placode that gives rise to the middle lateral line nerve. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004223 posterior lateral line placode http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000440 lateral line placode Lateral line placode that gives rise to the posterior lateral line nerve. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004226 ventral tegmentum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Region of the mesencephalon that arises from a small area of the neural plate, spanning the midline immediately adjacent, and being slightly posterior to the dorsal tegmentum area. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004228 lateral abdominal vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein Laterally located vein that drains the ventral abdominal wall. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004229 fin crest http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003028 surface structure The thin epidermis extension of the inner fin visible in the mid trunk region of the inner fin at NF stage 27, and extending posteriorly and then ventrally, ending just before the proctodeum. The fin is more homogeneous in NF stage 46 tadpoles, and the inner fin and fin crest are no longer discrete. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004232 spiracle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003028 surface structure The exit for respiratory water in the tadpole. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004234 bulbous arteriosis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Multi-tissue structure through which the blood exits the heart. It is a chamber that functions as a capacitor, maintaining continuous blood flow into the gill arches. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004235 manicotto glandulare http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The larval stomach. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004237 lateral ganglionic eminence http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue A distinct elevation of a transient proliferating cell mass of the subventricular zone; this mass contributes most of its cells to the striatum; however, neocortex, thalamus, septum and olfactory bulb neurons are also partly derived from the LGE. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004239 hindlimb digit 1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003035 hindlimb digit The most posterior of the hind digits, consisting of a single metatarsal, 2 phalanges, and a claw. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004241 ischiadic vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein A vein of the hind limb, first visible in the developing hind limb bud at c. NF stage 50 when it enters the ventral commissural vessel. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004242 ischiadic artery http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000114 artery The accompanying artery of the ischiadic nerve. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004243 femoral vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein Either of the primary veins in the hindlimbs that collect blood from the hindlimb region. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004245 maxillary artery http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000114 artery A type of artery that supplies the deep structures of the facial region. It branches from the external carotid artery. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004247 vertebral artery http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000114 artery A major artery of the neck that branches from the subclavian arteries and merge to form the single midline basilar artery. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004248 epigastric artery http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000114 artery Artery that supplies the anterior wall of the abdomen. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004249 renal artery http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000114 artery Artery that supplies blood via branches to the gonads, oviducts, and kidneys. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004250 facial vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein Vein that collects blood from muscles of the head and drains into the external jugular vein. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004251 cutaneous magnus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein Vein that comes from the skin of the trunk. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004252 cutaneous femoral vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein Vein that comes from the subcutaneous tissue of the hindlimb stylopod. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004253 postcaval vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein One of three major veins that enter the sinus venosus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004254 subclavian vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein Vein that collects blood from the forelimb via the branchial veins and from the muscles and skin of the trunk via the anterior epigastric and lateral veins. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004255 lateral vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein Either of the veins that collect blood from the trunk and skin and drain into the subclavian vein. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004256 ventral abdominal vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein A vein formed by the combination of veins in the pelvic region that collects blood from the liver, stomach, intestines, and gall bladder. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004257 Jacobson's vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000115 vein Vein that drains Jacobson's organ. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004258 subpallium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Structure that comprises the base region of the telencephalon. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004259 medial ganglionic eminence http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue A distinct elevation of a transient proliferating cell mass of the subventricular zone; this mass contributes most of its cells to the neocortex; however, hippocampal neurons, thalamus, septum and olfactory bulb neurons are also partly derived from the MGE. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004260 pharyngeal pouch http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Any of the outpocketings of pharyngeal endoderm that interdigitate with the neural crest derived pharyngeal arches. The pouches later fuse with the surface ectoderm to form the gill slits. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004261 pharyngeal region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Region encompassing the oral end of the alimentary canal. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004263 stylopod http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004294 limb segment Limb segment that is the proximal part of the limb (i.e. the humerus of the forelimb, and the femur of the hindlimb, and surrounding tissues). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004264 zeugopod http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004294 limb segment Limb segment that is the middle part of the limb (i.e. the radio-ulna of the forelimb, and the tarsus and tibia-fibula of the hindlimb, and surrounding tissues). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004265 autopod http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004294 limb segment Limb segment that is the terminal part of the limb (i.e. the metacarpels and phalanges of the forelimb, and the metatarsals and phalanges of the hindlimb, and surrounding tissues). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004267 interneuron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003023 neuron A multipolar neuron that connects afferent neurons and efferent neurons in neural pathways. They are found within the central nervous system and enteric nervous system. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004268 posterior lateral line http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004002 lateral line A lateral line that extends from the ear in a posterior-ventral direction. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004269 anterodorsal lateral line placode http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000440 lateral line placode Lateral line placode that gives rise to the anterodorsal lateral line nerve. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004270 hepato-pancreatic progenitor cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005033 progenitor cell Any of a field of cells in the posterior section of the foregut that will give rise to the liver bud and dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004272 migrating neuroblast http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell Any of the neuronal precursor cells that are isolated and scattered throughout the anterior ventro-lateral region of the embryo, generally in a punctate pattern, immediately below the ectoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004275 axial ossicle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004193 ossicle Ossicle that is part of the axial skeleton. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004278 coracoid bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004018 endochondral bone Paired bone that is part of the shoulder assembly, joining the scapula to the front end of the sternum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004279 cranial skeleton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004289 skeletal subdivision Skeletal subdivision of the head that includes the skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004280 dorsal fin skeleton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004282 median fin skeleton Median fin skeleton located on the dorsal surface of the organism. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004282 median fin skeleton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004289 skeletal subdivision Postcranial axial skeleton that is unpaired and located on the sagittal plane of the organism. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004284 pectoral appendage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004283 paired appendage Appendage that is one of the anterior paired appendages (i.e. the forelimbs). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004285 pelvic appendage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004283 paired appendage Appendage that is one of the posterior paired appendages (i.e. the hindlimbs). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004286 scapula http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004018 endochondral bone Bone that forms the posterior part of the pectoral (shoulder) girdle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004288 vertebral element http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004012 skeletal element Skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003000 anatomical structure Anatomical structure that is part of a cell and that has a granularity level equal to that of a protein complex or higher. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004291 cell-free extract http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003007 anatomical entity in vitro A solution obtained by rupturing cells (especially unfertilized oocytes) and removing all particulate matter. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004292 wedge region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part Region of the oocyte vegetal cortex that contains a subdomain of ER organized on top of the mitochondrial cloud and where localization of Vg1 mRNA takes place. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004293 ring structure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part Contractile ring formed at the division plane of the oocyte during first cleavage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004294 limb segment http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003013 organism subdivision A major subdivision of a limb. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004296 hindlimb stylopod http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004263 stylopod Stylopod (the limb segment closet to the body) that is part of a hindlimb. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004297 forelimb zeugopod http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004264 zeugopod Limb segment that is the middle part of the forelimb (i.e. the radio-ulna and surrounding tissues). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004298 hindlimb zeugopod http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004264 zeugopod Limb segment that is the middle part of the hindlimb (i.e. the tarsus and tibia-fibula and surrounding tissues). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004299 hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004265 autopod Terminal portion of a forelimb. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004301 eminentia thalami http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Part of the diencephalon that is located between the prethalamus, hypothalamus, and the telencephalon. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004302 pallium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Structure that comprises the roof region of the telencephalon. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004305 zona limitans intrathalamica http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue A narrow stripe of cells that lies between the prospective dorsal and ventral thalami. This boundary contains signals that pattern the prethalamic and thalamic territories of the future mid-diencephalon. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004306 thalamus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure A midline paired symmetrical structure within the brain; the main product of the embryonic diencephalon. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004308 glial cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell Any of the non-neuronal cells that maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons in the brain, and for neurons in other parts of the nervous system such as in the autonomic nervous system. Neural crest derived. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004309 postmigratory neural crest cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell Any of the cells that are of neural crest origin, now in place in their postmigratory target tissues, such as the sciatic nerve, dorsal root ganglia, gut or skin. They can be visualised or detected by specific molecular markers. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004310 stapes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element Bone of the ear that is connected to the tympanic membrane via the extrastapes. This structure is the amphibian ear ossicle, also known as the columella. It extends between extrastapes cartilage and the oval window. The extrastapes forms a cartilaginous tympanic disk. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004311 regenerating limb http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004059 regenerating tissue A portion of limb tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004312 regenerating fin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004059 regenerating tissue A portion of fin tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004313 joint region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Anatomical region at which two or more bones make contact and that includes some of the surrounding tissues of various types. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004316 interdigital region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Anatomical region between digits, the most distal parts of a limb. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004317 amputated tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue A portion of tissue that has been removed from the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004318 amputated fin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004317 amputated tissue A portion of fin tissue that has been removed from the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004319 amputated limb http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004317 amputated tissue A portion of limb tissue that has been removed from the body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004320 mesenchymal stem cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003054 stem cell Multipotent stromal cell that can differentiate into a variety of cell types, including: osteoblasts/osteocytes (bone cells), chondroblasts/chondrocytes (cartilage cells), and adipoblasts/adipocytes (fat cells). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004322 cranial muscle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000172 muscle Any of the muscles that are part of the head. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004323 mandibular head muscle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004322 cranial muscle Any of the paired mandibular arch muscles. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004325 branchial head muscle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004322 cranial muscle Any of the muscles that support the filigreed structure of the gill basket necessary for filter feeding, through the stabilisation, extension and compression of the gill basket. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004326 hypobranchial head muscle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004322 cranial muscle Straplike muscle that arises from elements of the pectoral girdle and passes to the hyoid bone and laryngeal cartilages. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004327 eye muscle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004322 cranial muscle A muscle that is part of the eye region and controls the movement of the eye. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004328 m. levator mandibulae longus internus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004323 mandibular head muscle Muscle that is part a complex that arises from the skull roof and acts to elevate or close the lower jaw. It separates medially from levator mandibulae longus supeficialis, with which it shares a common origin. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004330 m. levator mandibulae longus superficialis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004323 mandibular head muscle Muscle that is part a complex that arises from the skull roof and acts to elevate or close the lower jaw. The first mandibular arch muscle to appear, it originates ventral to the center of the eye, and extends rostroventrally to end lateral to the buccal cavity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004331 m. levator mandibulae articularis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004323 mandibular head muscle Muscle that is part a complex that arises from the skull roof and acts to elevate or close the lower jaw. It originates from the ventral bend of the anlage of processus muscularis palatoquadrati. It runs ventrally near the levator mandibulae longus supeficialis and inserts anterior of it at Meckel's cartilage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004332 m. levator mandibulae externus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004323 mandibular head muscle Muscle that is part a complex that arises from the skull roof and acts to elevate or close the lower jaw. The last jaw levator to develop, it originates rostral to the palatoquadrate. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004333 m. intermandibularis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004323 mandibular head muscle Ventral muscle of the larval head that is a broad transverse sheet lying between the Meckel's cartilages and joining its opposite mid-ventrally in an median raphe. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004334 m. quadrato-hyoangularis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004324 hyoid head muscle Hyoid arch muscle that connects Meckel's cartilage with the palatoquadrate and supports the opening of the mouth by depressing Meckel's cartilage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004335 m. orbitohyoideus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004324 hyoid head muscle Large, tapering muscle that originates on the muscular process and inserts on the ceratohyal. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004336 m. interhyoideus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004324 hyoid head muscle A thin curved muscle located between the ceratohyal cartilages. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004337 m. subarcualis rectus I http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004325 branchial head muscle Deep, visceral muscle associated with tongue movement. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004339 m. transversus ventralis II http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004325 branchial head muscle Muscle that springs from the second branchial arch, meeting its opposite in a mid-ventral raphe. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004340 mm. levator arcuum branchialium I http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004325 branchial head muscle The 1st branchial levator muscle, which contributes to raising the branchial apparatus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004341 mm. levator arcuum branchialium II http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004325 branchial head muscle The 2nd branchial levator muscle, which contributes to raising the branchial apparatus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004342 mm. levator arcuum branchialium III http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004325 branchial head muscle The 3rd branchial levator muscle, which contributes to raising the branchial apparatus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004343 mm. levator arcuum branchialium IV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004325 branchial head muscle The 4th branchial levator muscle, which contributes to raising the branchial apparatus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004345 mm. constrictores branchiales III http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004325 branchial head muscle Muscle that arises on part of the chondrocranium and passes to the ventro-lateral region of the cerato-branchialia. It is located on the crista parotica and commissura branchio-cranialis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004346 mm. constrictores branchiales IV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004325 branchial head muscle Muscle that arises on part of the chondrocranium and passes to the ventro-lateral region of the cerato-branchialia. It is a small muscle situated at the posterior end of the branchial skeleton. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004349 m. constrictor laryngis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004351 laryngeal muscle Muscle that consists of dorsal and ventral parts that arise from medial raphe and insert on the arytenoid cartilages. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004350 m. dilatator laryngis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004351 laryngeal muscle Muscle that arises from the edge of levator arcus branchialis IV and inserts on the arytenoid cartilage and the cricoid ring. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004351 laryngeal muscle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004322 cranial muscle Type of muscle that attaches to the larynx. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004352 m. rectus anterior http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004327 eye muscle Muscle in the orbit that inserts on the anterior side of the eye and the function of which is adduction of the eyeball. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004353 m. rectus posterior http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004327 eye muscle Muscle in the orbit that inserts on the posterior side of the eye and the function of which is adduction of the eyeball. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004354 m. rectus inferior http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004327 eye muscle Muscle in the orbit that depresses, adducts, and helps extort (rotate laterally) the eye. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004355 m. rectus superior http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004327 eye muscle Muscle in the orbit, the primary function is of which is elevation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004356 m. obliquus inferior http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004327 eye muscle Thin, narrow muscle placed near the anterior margin of the floor of the orbit. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004357 m. obliquus superior http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004327 eye muscle Muscle in the upper, medial side of the orbit whose primary action is downward, lateral rotation of the eye. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004358 basihyal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element Cartilaginous element that is median and is the anterior-most cartilage of the ventral hyoid arch. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004359 ceratobranchial I http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element The cartilaginous element below the epibranchial in branchial arch 1. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004361 ceratobranchial III http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element The cartilaginous element below the epibranchial in branchial arch 3. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004362 ceratobranchial IV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element The cartilaginous element below the epibranchial in branchial arch 4. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004363 commisura quadratocranialis anterior http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element Cartilaginous element comprising the rostral connection of the palatoquadrate cartilage to the neurocranium. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004365 fenestra basicranialis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003190 anatomical space The space where the trabeculae of the tadpole chondrocranium have not yet fused. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004366 facies hyoidis of the palatoquadrate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element One of the cartilaginous surfaces of the tadpole jaw. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004367 fenestra subocularis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003190 anatomical space The wide gap that separates the palatoquadrate from the neurocranium. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004369 processus anterior hyalis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element Cartilaginous element comprising the anterior process of ceratohyal cartilage derived from the hyoid neural crest stream. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004371 processus ascendens palatoquadrate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element Cartilaginous element comprising the ascending process that helps anchor the larval palatoquadrate to the neurocranium. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004372 parachordal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element Rod-shaped paired cartilages located on either side of the notochord and involved in the formation of the base of the chondrochranium. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004373 processus lateralis hyalis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element Cartilaginous element comprising the lateral process of ceratohyal cartilage derived from the hyoid neural crest stream. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004374 planum hypobranchiale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element One of the cartilaginous elements that meet and articulate in the median plane posterior to the basibranchial. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004375 planum trabeculare anticum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element Cartilaginous element that is posterior to the cornua trabeculae. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004376 processus muscularis palatoquadrati http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element Cartilaginous element comprising the muscular process, a flattened triangular process that is the site of attachment for the orbitohyoideus and suspensoriohyoideus muscles. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004377 processus posterior hyalis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element Cartilaginous element comprising the posterior process of ceratohyal cartilage derived from the hyoid neural crest stream. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004379 processus retroarticularis of Meckel's cartilage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element Cartilaginous element that forms at the posteroventral tip of Meckel's cartilage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004380 suprarostral plate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element Cartilaginous element that comprises a crescent-shaped plate that supports the tentacular cartilage in the upper jaw. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004385 branchial basket http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element Cartilaginous element that comprises the network-like cartilaginous skeleton of the gill region. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004387 retinal stem cell region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Region of the ciliary marginal zone, at the edge (most distal region) where retinal stem cells are located. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004388 retinal progenitor cell region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Region of the ciliary marginal zone where retinal progenitor cells are located. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004389 oculomotor motornucleus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus Ganglion in the midbrain that gives rise to the fibers of the oculomotor nerve. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004390 dorsal thalamus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Multi-tissue structure that is the dorsal part of the thalamus and emerges ventral to the caudal portion of the ventral habenular nucleus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004393 mucociliary epithelium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003045 epithelium Type of epithelium in the embryonic epidermis that is mucus-secreting and ciliated. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004394 hatching gland primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003043 primordium The presumptive cells of the hatching gland, present by the end of gastrulation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004395 central vegetal yolk mass http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Centrally located part of the vegetal cell mass of prospective endoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004396 apical mesenchyme http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004059 regenerating tissue Regenerating tissue consisting of mesenchyme cells at the tip of the regenerating limb. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004397 wound epidermis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004059 regenerating tissue A layer of epidermal cells that initially covers the surface of an amputation site. Fibroblasts from the surrounding connective tissue migrate across the amputation surface to meet at the center of the wound. These fibroblasts multiply to form a blastema, which are the progenitors for the new limb. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004399 wound epidermis outer layer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004059 regenerating tissue Regenerating tissue that forms the outer layer of wound epidermis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004400 regenerating zeugopod skeleton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004059 regenerating tissue Tissue consisting of a cartilaginous rod or rods of a regenerating zeugopod segment of a limb. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004401 apical epithelial cap http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004059 regenerating tissue A layer of signaling cells at the apex of a regenerating blastema, which has a vital role in regeneration. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004408 anterior-proximal mesenchyme http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003046 mesenchyme Mesenchyme that occupies the anterior proximal region of a limb bud. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004409 posterior-proximal mesenchyme http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003046 mesenchyme Mesenchyme that occupies the posterior proximal region of a limb bud. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004410 interdigital mesenchyme http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003046 mesenchyme Mesenchyme that occupies the interdigital region of a limb bud. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004411 lateral line primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003043 primordium Portion of tissue that migrates and deposits immature neuromasts and interneuromasts. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004412 hindlimb digit 2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003035 hindlimb digit The 2nd most posterior of the hind digits, consisting of a single metatarsal, 2 phalanges, and a claw. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004414 hindlimb digit 4 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003035 hindlimb digit The 2nd most anterior of the hind digits, consisting of a single metatarsal, 3 phalanges, and a claw. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004415 hindlimb digit 5 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003035 hindlimb digit The most anterior and longest of the hind digits, consisting of a single metatarsal, 3 phalanges, and a claw. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004416 claw primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Portion of tissue consisting of unkeratinized cells at the most distal end of a developing digit and which will become a claw. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004417 claw of hindlimb digit 1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003103 claw Claw located at the end of the 1st hindlimb digit. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004418 claw of hindlimb digit 2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003103 claw Claw located at the end of the 2nd hindlimb digit. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004419 claw of hindlimb digit 3 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003103 claw Claw located at the end of the 3rd hindlimb digit. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004421 claw of hindlimb digit 5 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003103 claw Claw located at the end of the 5th hindlimb digit. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004422 posterior lateral line ganglion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004457 lateral line ganglion Ganglion that develops from a cranial ectodermal placode and contains sensory neurons that innervate the posterior lateral line system. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004423 trunk vasculature http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The blood vessels of the trunk region. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004424 central retina http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Anatomical region comprising the central part of the retina. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004425 m. levator mandibulae longus internus primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004455 cranial muscle primordium The presumptive cells of the levator mandibulae longus internus muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004427 m. levator mandibulae longus superior primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004455 cranial muscle primordium The presumptive cells of the levator mandibulae longus superior muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004428 m. levator mandibulae articularis primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004455 cranial muscle primordium The presumptive cells of the levator mandibulae articularis muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004430 m. intermandibularis primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004455 cranial muscle primordium The presumptive cells of the intermandibularis muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004431 m. quadrato-hyoangularis primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004455 cranial muscle primordium The presumptive cells of the quadrato-hyoangularis muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004432 m. orbitohyoideus primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004455 cranial muscle primordium The presumptive cells of the orbitohyoideus muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004433 m. interhyoideus primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004455 cranial muscle primordium The presumptive cells of the interhyoideus muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004434 m. subarcualis rectus I primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004455 cranial muscle primordium The presumptive cells of the subarcualis rectus I muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004435 m. transversus anterior primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004455 cranial muscle primordium The presumptive cells of the transversus anterior muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004436 m. transversus ventralis II primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004455 cranial muscle primordium The presumptive cells of the transversus ventralis II muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004437 mm. levator arcuum branchialium I primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004455 cranial muscle primordium The presumptive cells of the levator arcuum branchialium I muscles. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004438 mm. levator arcuum branchialium II primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004455 cranial muscle primordium The presumptive cells of the levator arcuum branchialium II muscles. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004439 mm. levator arcuum branchialium III primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004455 cranial muscle primordium The presumptive cells of the levator arcuum branchialium III muscles. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004440 mm. levator arcuum branchialium IV primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004455 cranial muscle primordium The presumptive cells of the levator arcuum branchialium IV muscles. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004441 mm. constrictores branchiales II primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004455 cranial muscle primordium The presumptive cells of the constrictores branchiales II muscles. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004442 mm. constrictores branchiales III primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004455 cranial muscle primordium The presumptive cells of the constrictores branchiales III muscles. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004443 mm. constrictores branchiales IV primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004455 cranial muscle primordium The presumptive cells of the constrictores branchiales IV muscles. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004446 m. constrictor laryngis primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004455 cranial muscle primordium The presumptive cells of the constrictor laryngis muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004447 m. dilatator laryngis primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004455 cranial muscle primordium The presumptive cells of the dilatator laryngis muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004448 laryngeal muscle primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003043 primordium The presumptive cells of laryngeal muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004449 m. rectus anterior primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004455 cranial muscle primordium The presumptive cells of the rectus anterior muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004452 m. rectus superior primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004455 cranial muscle primordium The presumptive cells of the rectus superior muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004455 cranial muscle primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The presumptive cells of any of the cranial muscles. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004456 Brachet's cleft http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure A sharp boundary, running parallel to the outside of the embryo, between involuted mesoderm and external ectoderm. It runs from the blastopore to the upper limit of the involuted mesoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004457 lateral line ganglion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000027 cranial ganglion Ganglion that develops from a cranial ectodermal placode and contains sensory neurons that innervate a lateral line. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004458 peripheral retina http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Anatomical region comprising the peripheral part of the retina. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004459 subocular cartilage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element Cartilaginous element that is below the trabecula and parachordal. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004460 choroid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Portion of tissue comprising the vascular layer of the eye, containing connective tissue and lying between the retina and the sclera. It provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina. Along with the ciliary body and iris, it forms the uveal tract. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004461 circumpharyngeal ridge http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Site above the branchial arch complex where vagal neural crest cells temporarily arrest their migration before entering the pharyngeal arches and heart. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004463 pharyngeal endoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Embryonic endoderm that evaginates to form the paired pharyngeal pouches. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004464 rhombomere R1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004079 rhombomere The most anterior segment of the developing hindbrain. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004468 organ cortex http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Multi-tissue structure that is the outermost layer of an organ. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004469 trabecula http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue A small tissue element in the form of a beam, strut, or rod that generally has a mechanical function and is usually composed of dense cartilaginous tissue. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004470 trabecula carnea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004469 trabecula A type of trabecula that consists of a rounded or irregular column that projects from the inner surface of the ventricle of the heart. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004471 atrial septum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005422 septum Cardiac septum that separates the right atrium from the left atrium. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004473 ventral mesoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Embryonic structure that is induced by the organizer to become lateral mesoderm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004474 periotic region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Anatomical region that surrounds the otic vesicle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004477 smooth muscle myocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004475 myocyte A myocyte of the smooth muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004478 forelimb digit 2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003036 forelimb digit The most posterior digit of a forelimb, consisting of a single metatarsal, 3 phalanges, and a claw. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004479 forelimb digit 3 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003036 forelimb digit The second most posterior digit of a forelimb, consisting of a single metatarsal, 3 phalanges, and a claw. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004482 epicardial precursor cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell Neural crest-derived cell type that gives rise to the epicardium. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004483 retinal stem cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003054 stem cell Cell that is present in the stem cell region of the retinal ciliary marginal zone. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004484 retinal progenitor cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005033 progenitor cell Cell that is present in the progenitor cell region of the retinal ciliary marginal zone. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004485 neuroendocrine cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003247 endocrine cell An endocrine cell that has the specialized function to produce and secrete hormones in response to neuronal signals. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004488 diaphysis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004486 organ part Organ part consisting of the main section or midsection of a long bone, which in Xenopus are the tibia-fibula and femur of the hindlimb, and the radio-ulna and humerus of the forelimb. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004489 spike http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004059 regenerating tissue A cone-shaped hypomorphic structure consisting of a single continuous cartilage, typical of a regenerated forelimb or hindlimb when amputated after a specific developmental stage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004490 forelimb bud tip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The apical region of a developing forelimb bud which will form the autopod segment of the forelimb. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004491 hindlimb bud tip http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The apical region of a developing hindlimb bud which will form the autopod segment of the hindlimb. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004493 pelvic girdle primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The presumptive cells of the pelvic girdle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004494 iliac process http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004020 process A prominent, slender, rod-like projection of the iliac bone located close to the acetabiulum and directed posteriorly. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004495 iliac process primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The presumptive cells of the iliac process. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004496 ilium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004018 endochondral bone Either of the paired bones that are the dorsal-most and largest bones of the pelvic girdle. They begin to connect to the sacral vertebra (9th vertebra) at NF stage 59. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004497 ischium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004018 endochondral bone Any of the posterior and smaller bones of the pelvic girdle. The ischia appear at NF stage 53, grow toward each other at NF stage 55, fusing and beginning to ossify by NF stage 58/59. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004498 pubis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004018 endochondral bone The ventral and anterior of the three principal bones composing the pelvic girdle. The pubes fuse with the ilia at NF stage 53, and touch each other at NF stage 62. Full contact of the medial surfaces occurs at NF stage 63 when ossification also begins. Ossification continues through metamorphosis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004499 postsacral vertebra http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004019 vertebra Vertebra posterior to the sacral vertebra. The 4 postsacral vertebrae fuse and ossify (NF stage 66) to form the urostyle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004500 rib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004020 process Any of the bony lateral projections from the presacral veterebrae of the anterior trunk region, enabling the lungs to expand and thus facilitate breathing by expanding the chest cavity. They serve to protect the lungs, heart, and other internal organs of the thorax. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004501 apoptotic cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A cell that is in the process of programmed cell death. The process is characterized by morphological changes (e.g. blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and chromosomal DNA fragmentation) ending in cell death. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004504 periosteum (sensu fibrous layer) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001017 connective tissue The outer layer of the periosteum, containing acellular connective tissue and fibroblasts. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004505 periosteum (sensu osteogenic layer) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001017 connective tissue The inner layer of the periosteum, containing osteoblasts. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004506 interdigital webbing http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The tissue or tissues between the digits of the forelimb and the hindlimb. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004507 osteoblast http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell Skeletogenic cell that secretes osteoid, is capable of producing mineralized matrix, is located adjacent to or within osteoid tissue, and arises from the transformation of a preosteoblast cell. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004511 hindgut primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003043 primordium The endoderm cells that are fated to become the hindgut. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004512 midgut primordium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003043 primordium The endoderm cells that are fated to become the midgut. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004513 foregut endoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003043 primordium The endoderm cells that are fated to become the foregut. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004514 anterior tectum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The anterior part of the optic tectum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004515 posterior tectum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The posterior part of the optic tectum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004517 ciliated non-epidermal cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005017 ciliated cell A ciliated cell that is not part of the epidermis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004519 distal tubule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The distal segment of the pronephric tubule, functioning in water resorption, with urine passing through it into the pronephric duct. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004520 proximal tubule branch http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region A distal stem cell region of the proximal tubule. There are 3 branches, with anteriodorsal, anterioventral, and posterior positions. These are sometimes referred to as proximal tubule segment 1 or PT1. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004521 coelom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003190 anatomical space A fluid-filled cavity formed within the mesoderm of the embryo. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004523 enteric neuron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003023 neuron Any of the neurons specific to the gastrointestinal system. Enteric neurons are embedded the lining of the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines and the cloaca. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004524 pharyngeal mesenchyme http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003046 mesenchyme The undifferentiated, loose connective tissue of the pharyngeal region, that is derived mostly from mesoderm, and also contains ectodermally derived neural crest cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004525 medium cavity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003190 anatomical space Water-filled cavity in the adult frog that is apposed to an olfactory epithelium for detection of aqueous odorants. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004526 principal cavity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003190 anatomical space Air-filled cavity in the adult frog apposed to an olfactory epithelium for detection of airborne odorants. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004527 olfactory sensory neuron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003023 neuron Sensory neuron responsible for detection of odorants. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004530 accessory olfactory bulb http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The forebrain region that coordinates sensory signaling arising from the vomeronasal organ; it is located on the dorsal-posterior portion of the main olfactory bulb, and the axons that leave the accessory olfactory bulb project to targets in the amygdala and hypothalamus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004531 amygdala http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster An almond-shaped set of neurons in the medial temporal lobe of the brain that is involved in the linkage of environmental information with social behavior and action selection. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004532 anterior amygdala http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus A nucleus comprising the anterior aspect of the amygdala, adjacent to the basal forebrain, and involved in receiving olfactory information. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004533 anterior commissure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster A forebrain white matter structure consisting of a large fiber bundle, connecting the two cerebral hemispheres across the middle line. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004534 anterior entopeduncular nucleus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus Nucleus situated in the pallidum that provides auditory input to the torus semicircularis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004535 ventral funiculus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster Region of spinal cord white matter lying on either side between the ventral median fissure and the ventral roots of the spinal nerves. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004536 anterior thalamic nucleus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus Nucleus situated in the thalamus that is associated with the limbic system and is implicated in learning and episodic memory. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004537 anterodorsal tegmental nucleus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus Nucleus located anterodorsally in the midbrain tegmentum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004538 anteroventral tegmental nucleus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus Nucleus located anteroventrally in the midbrain tegmentum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004539 basal forebrain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure A group of structures that lie in the ventralmost parts of the forebrain and are formed by the derivatives of the subpallium. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004540 basal ganglion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster Composite structure derived principally from the subpallium and containing numerous ganglia of the ventral telencephalon. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004541 bed nucleus of the stria terminalis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus A brain structure in the forebrain wrapped around the stria terminalis. Its largest extent can be found around the crossing of the anterior commissure. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004542 central amygdala http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus A nucleus comprising the central aspect of the amygdala, identified as a target for ascending auditory information from the central thalamic nucleus and as a major afferent to the vocal pattern generator of the hindbrain. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004543 central canal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster Spinal cord structure that is part of the ventricular system and is filled with cerebral-spinal fluid and runs the length of the spinal cord. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004544 central nucleus of the thalamus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus Nucleus that is located centrally in the thalamus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004545 dorsal column nucleus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus A nucleus that is situated in the brainstem. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004546 dorsal habenular nucleus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus Cell mass in the caudal and dorsal aspect of the dorsal thalamus adjoining the pineal gland. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004547 dorsal pallidum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster The predominant portion of the globus pallidus in the striatopallidal system, which is defined by connectivity and neurochemical staining. It is distinguished from the ventral pallidum by a boundary that is partially defined by the anterior commissure. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004548 dorsal pallium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Subdivision of thepallium that is located dorsally. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004549 dorsal septum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005422 septum A set of septal nuclei comprising the dorsal aspect of the forebrain septum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004551 external plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Cytoarchitectural part of the olfactory bulb, lying superior to the mitral cell layer and inferior to the glomerular layer. The EPL is mostly neuropil composed almost entirely of mitral and tulfted cell dendrites and granule cell dendrites and their synaptic inputs. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004552 glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Superficial layer of the olfactory bulb, composed of spherical glomeruli, where input from olfactory receptor neurons is first organized and processed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004553 granule cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004267 interneuron Type of neuron characterized by having very small cell bodies. These cells are found within the granular layers of the cerebellum and the olfactory bulb. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004554 granule cell layer of the cerebellum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex, containing densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004555 granule cell layer of the olfactory bulb http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue A layer of the olfactory bulb interior to the mitral cell layer, consisting of inhibitory interneurons. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004556 habenula http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Region of the thalamus adjoining the pineal gland. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004557 isthmic nucleus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus Nucleus that is a prominant part of the visual system, receiving input from the ipsilateral tectum and sending output to both tecta. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004558 lateral amygdala http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus A nucleus comprising the lateral aspect of the amygdala, implicated in fear conditioning. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004559 lateral forebrain bundle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster A fiber system that is formed by pallial and subpallial components that join in the caudal telencephalon. It proceeds caudally, piercing the optic tract, to the ventral part of the hypothalamus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004560 lateral funiculus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster Region of spinal cord white matter that is both ventral to the dorsal root and dorsal to the ventral root. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004562 lateral hypothalamic nucleus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus Diencephalic nucleus that is the lateral part of the ventral hypothalamic zone. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004563 lateral pallium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Subdivision of the pallium that is located laterally. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004564 lateral septum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005422 septum A set of septal nuclei comprising the lateral aspect of the forebrain septum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004565 laterodorsal tegmental nucleus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus A nucleus situated in the brainstem, spanning the midbrain tegmentum and the pontine tegmentum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004566 locus coeruleus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus Nucleus within the brainstem that is the principal site for brain synthesis of norepinephrine. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004567 magnocellular preoptic nucleus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus A nucleus situated in the preoptic area that contains large neurosecretory neurons. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004568 medial amygdala http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus A nucleus comprising the medial aspect of the amygdala, involved in receiving olfactory information. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004570 medial pallium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Subdivision of the pallium that is located in the medial position. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004571 medial septum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005422 septum A set of septal nuclei comprising the medial aspect of the forebrain septum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004573 mitral cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003023 neuron Large glutaminergic nerve cell whose dendrites synapse with axons of the olfactory receptor neurons in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb, and whose axons pass centrally in the olfactory tract to the olfactory cortex. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004574 mitral cell layer of the olfactory bulb http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Layer composed of pyramidal neurons whose cell bodies are located between the granule cell layer and the plexiform layer. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004575 nucleus accumbens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus A region of the brain consisting of a collection of neurons located in the forebrain ventral to the caudate and putamen. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004576 nucleus of the diagonal band http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus A brain structure that is part of the septal nuclear complex and is connected with the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and amygdala. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004578 pallidum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster Major component of the basal ganglia that is part of the telencephalon and has close functional ties with the subthalamus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004580 dorsal funiculus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster Region of spinal cord white matter that is dorsal and medial to the dorsal root. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004581 posterodorsal tegmental nucleus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus Nucleus located posterodorsally in the midbrain tegmentum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004582 posteroventral tegmental nucleus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus Nucleus located posteroventrally in the midbrain tegmentum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004583 preoptic area http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Area of the forebrain anterior to the posterior tuberculum and the hypothalamus and ventral to the ventral thalamus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004584 raphe nucleus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure A cluster of nuclei found in the brain stem, the main function of which is to release serotonin to the rest of the brain. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004586 solitary tract http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster A compact fiber bundle that extends longitudinally through the posterolateral region of the medulla and is surrounded by the nucleus of the solitary tract, and descends to the upper cervical segments of the spinal cord. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004587 striatum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster A region of the forebrain consisting of the caudate nucleus, putamen and fundus striati. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004588 subcommissural organ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure A small ependymal gland of the circumventricular system, located in the dorsocaudal region of the third ventricle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004589 subthalamic nucleus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus The lens-shaped nucleus located in the ventral part of the subthalamus on the inner aspect of the internal capsule that is concerned with the integration of somatic motor function. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004590 torus semicircularis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Multi-tissue structure that is part of the midbrain and develops from the alar plate. It is located dorsal to the lateral tegmentum where it extends into the medial tectal ventricle and receives ascending sensory octavolateralis input. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004591 ventral habenular nucleus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus Cell mass in the caudal and ventral aspect of the dorsal thalamus adjoining the pineal gland. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004592 ventral hypothalamic nucleus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus Nucleus that is located ventrally in the hypothalamus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004593 ventral pallidum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster Part of the globus pallidus consisting of the more medial of the two segments. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004594 ventral pallium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The pallial region located next to the pallium-subpallium boundary. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004595 ventrolateral thalamic nucleus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus Nucleus situated in the thalamus that receives inputs from the basal nuclei and the function of which is to help coordinate and plan movement. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004596 ventromedial thalamic nucleus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus Nucleus situated in the thalamus to which somatosensory input is predominantly directed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004597 neuromere http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003013 organism subdivision A metameric segment of the central nervous system. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004598 prosomere http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004597 neuromere A neuromere that is part of the presumptive forebrain. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004599 prosomere 4 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004598 prosomere The 4th segment of the developing forebrain. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004600 prosomere 5 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004598 prosomere The 5th segment of the developing forebrain. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004601 prosomere 6 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004598 prosomere The 6th segment of the developing forebrain. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004602 brain ventricle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003190 anatomical space One of the system of communicating cavities in the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord, that are lined with an epithelial ependyma, and that contain cerebral-spinal fluid. The system comprises four ventricles, the right and left lateral ventricles (one for each hemisphere), third ventricle, and fourth ventricle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004605 mammilary region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure A protrusion at the posterior end of the hypothalamus that contains hypothalamic nuclei. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004606 tuberal region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Structure that lies rostral to the area of the tegmentum and that is a site of dopamine-containing cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004607 lateral ventricle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004602 brain ventricle Either of the two brain ventricles that are bilateral (left and right, one for each hemisphere). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004608 third ventricle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004602 brain ventricle Brain ventricle formed by a median cleft in the diencephalon between the two thalami. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003160 anatomical cluster A spatially aggregated collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS, consisting of one or more subpopulations that share cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections, and including nearby cells that share the same cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004611 right ventricle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004607 lateral ventricle The lateral ventricle that is located in the right hemisphere of the brain. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004612 secretory epithelial cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003249 epithelial cell Type of epithelial cell that secretes a macromolecule or ion product. In many epithelia, occasional specialized secretory cells are scattered among other, non-secretory cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004613 non-cililated epidermal cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004621 epidermal cell Epidermal cell that lacks cilia. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004614 ciliary axoneme http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part The bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia and is responsible for their movements. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004615 basal body http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part A membrane-tethered, short cylindrical array of microtubules and associated proteins found at the base of a cilium that is similar in structure to a centriole and derives from it. The cilium basal body is the site of assembly and remodelling of the cilium and serves as a nucleation site for axoneme growth. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004616 ventrolateral neural tube http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure The ventrolateral regions of the neural tube, above to the floor plate region and encompassing structurally distinct interneurons (in lateral positions) and the more ventral motor neurons. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004618 rostral presomitic mesoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The region of presomitic mesoderm that lays immediately adjacent and posterior to the last formed somite. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004620 neurogenic placode http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000305 cranial placode Cranial placode with neurogenic potential. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004621 epidermal cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003249 epithelial cell An epithelial cell that is part of the epidermis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004622 myotome of tail somite 18 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000315 myotome Compartment of tail somite 18 that is a precursor of muscle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004623 sclerotome of tail somite 18 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000397 sclerotome Compartment of tail somite 18 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004624 fin vasculature http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001011 blood vessel Blood vessel that is part of the fin. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004625 dorsal fin vasculature http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001011 blood vessel Blood vessel that is part of the dorsal fin. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004626 ventral fin vasculature http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001011 blood vessel Blood vessel that is part of the ventral fin. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004627 ventral blood island border http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0001011 blood vessel Blood vessel that is part of the ventral blood island. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004628 posterior ventral blood island http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue The erythroid-forming compartment of the ventral blood island. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005000 matrix-based tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue A tissue whose predominant feature is extracellular matrix that may or may not be highly hydrated or calcified. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005001 acellular bone tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004040 mineralized bone tissue Mineralized bone tissue that has terminally differentiated osteoblasts but lacks osteocytes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005002 multicellular anatomical structure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003000 anatomical structure An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005003 larval intestinal epithelium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004008 simple columnar epithelium Epithelium that covers the small and large intestine in the larval frog. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005008 cilium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part Specialized protrusion of a cell composed of microtubules and serving a role in intercellular signaling. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005009 mitotic spindle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part Array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a cell during mitosis or meiosis and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005010 growth cone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part Migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon or dendrite. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005011 centriole http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part A cellular organelle, found close to the nucleus in many cells, consisting of a small cylinder with microtubular walls, 300-500 nm long and 150-250 nm in diameter. It contains nine short, parallel, peripheral microtubular fibrils, each fibril consisting of one complete microtubule fused to two incomplete microtubules. Cells usually have two centrioles, lying at right angles to each other. At division, each pair of centrioles generates another pair and the twin pairs form the pole of the mitotic spindle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005012 kinetochore http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part A multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005014 centrosome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part A structure comprising a core structure and peripheral material from which a microtubule-based structure, such as a spindle apparatus, is organized. Centrosomes occur close to the nucleus during interphase in many cells, though it changes continually during the cell-division cycle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005015 axon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005317 neuron projection The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005017 ciliated cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A cell that has a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005018 spinal neuron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003023 neuron A neuron of the spinal cord. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005019 paired dorsal aorta http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003010 aorta The embryonic right and left aortas that develop in parallel with the heart and gain access to it via the aortic arches. Later the paired dorsal aortic anlagen unite and finally form the unpaired descending aorta of the adult. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005020 stromal cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A connective tissue cell of any organ. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005021 interstitial cell of Leydig http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005020 stromal cell A cell that is located in the interstitial space between the seminiferous tubules and produces male androgens. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005022 hepatocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003249 epithelial cell A type of cell comprising the main structural component of the liver. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005025 macrophage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003239 circulating cell A mononuclear phagocyte present in a variety of tissues, typically differentiated from monocytes, capable of phagocytosing a variety of extracellular particulate material, including immune complexes, microorganisms, and dead cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005026 presumptive rhombomere http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Embryonic structure that gives rise to a rhombomere. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005027 forebrain-midbrain boundary http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004003 anatomical line The part of the brain that is the morphological boundary between the forebrain and midbrain. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005028 ventricular layer of the optic tectum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Layer of the optic tectum that contains radial glial and other non-neuronal cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005029 neuropil of the optic tectum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Layer of the optic tectum that mainly consists of ascending sensory axons and tectal dendrites. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005030 cell body layer of the optic tectum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Layer of the optic tectum that consists of tectal somata. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005031 radial glial cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004308 glial cell A cell present in the developing central nervous system. It functions as both a precursor cell and as a scaffold to support neuronal migration. Some have a multipotent ability, as they can differentiate into neurons and radial glial cells by asymmetric divisions during the period of embryonic neurogenesis. They occur mainly in the ventricular layer of the tectum and decrease in number as the brain matures. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005032 neural stem cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003054 stem cell A cell that, in the early stages of the brain, are generated from the ectoderm-derived neural epithelium and commit to differentiate into either neurons or radial glial cells. It is well known that radial glial cells have distinctive morphological characteristics and can act as neural progenitor cells (NPCs) or neural stem cells (NSCs), in addition to guiding the migration of differentiating neurons in the central nervous system. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005033 progenitor cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A cell that, like a stem cell, has a tendency to differentiate into a specific type of cell, but is already more specific than a stem cell and is pushed to differentiate into its target cell. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005034 neural progenitor cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005033 progenitor cell A progenitor cell of the nervous system. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005037 migrating macrophage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005025 macrophage Any of the hematopoietic stem cell derived phagocytic cells that are first observed in the ventral blood island at NF stages 17-18 and at stage 20 begin to migrate over the whole embryo between the epidermis and the mesoderm, completing their migration by stage 25. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005039 cytoplasm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005040 anterior semicircular canal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000198 semicircular canal The anterior (superior) of the two vertically oriented semicircular canals, which are situated at right angles to each other. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005041 lateral semicircular canal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000198 semicircular canal The laterally, or horizontally, oriented of the three semicircular canals. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005043 skeletal muscle satellite cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell An elongated, spindle-shaped cell that is located between the basal lamina and the plasmalemma of a muscle fiber. These cells are mostly quiescent, but upon activation they divide to produce cells that generate new muscle fibers. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005044 Schwann cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004308 glial cell A glial cell that ensheaths axons of neurons in the peripheral nervous system and is necessary for their maintainance and function. Multiple Schwann cells wrap each axon. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005045 dorsal crest of the endoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Dorsal endoderm that is adjacent to the notochord. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005047 rostral tuberal region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The rostral zone of the tuberal region of the hypothalamus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005050 parabrachial area http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus Cell area that receives signals from the solitary nucleus and transmits signals to the medulla oblongata, spinal cord, amygdala, and hypothalamus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005051 retromammillary area http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Hypothalamic region that with the mammillary nuclei forms the mammillary complex. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005052 nucleus reticularis medialis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus Medial nucleus of the reticular nucleus of the brain stem. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005053 nucleus reticularis superior http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus Superior nucleus of the reticular nucleus of the brain stem. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005054 nucleus reticularis inferior http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus Inferior nucleus of the reticular nucleus of the brain stem. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005055 ventral septum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005422 septum A set of septal nuclei comprising the ventral aspect of the forebrain septum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005056 supraoptoparaventricular region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004609 neural nucleus The dorsal region of the alar hypothalamus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005058 stratum spongiosum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Dermal layer containing loose connective tissue and several types of glands. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005060 glomerular mesangial cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003264 pericyte A type of smooth muscle-like pericyte that abuts and surrounds the filtration capillaries within the glomerulus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005061 glomerular epithelial cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003249 epithelial cell An epithelial cell that is part of the glomus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005062 proepicardium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005033 progenitor cell An embryonic progenitor cell type that comprises a population that provides the epicardium, the majority of the cardiac interstitium, the coronary vasculature, and possibly some cardiomyocytes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005063 external coil of the small intestine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Part of the double coil of the small intestine, consisting of anti-clockwise loops of intestine proximal to the internal coil. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005064 internal coil of the small intestine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Part of the double coil of the small intestine, consisting of clockwise loops of intestine distal to the external coil. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005065 sciatic nerve http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003047 nerve Nerve that provides the connection to the nervous system for nearly the whole of the skin of the leg, the muscles of the back of the thigh, and those of the leg and foot. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005067 typhlosole http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue A longitudinal fold of the wall projecting into the cavity of the intestine. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005068 motor axon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005015 axon An axon that is part of a motor neuron and which projects outside the spinal cord to directly or indirectly control muscles. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005069 iliofibularis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000172 muscle A hindlimb muscle that is used in locomotion and which contains a population of slow or tonic fibers, as well as twitch fibers. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005071 skin gland http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003028 surface structure A gland that is part of the skin. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005072 skin mucous gland http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005071 skin gland A mucous gland that is part of the skin. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005074 skin seromucous gland http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005071 skin gland A gland of the skin in which some secretory cells are serous and some mucous. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005075 Bowman's gland http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure Any of the branched tubuloalveolar glands situated in the mucous membrane of the olfactory region of the nasal cavity that produce mucus to moisten the olfactory epithelium and dissolve odor-containing gases. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005076 anterior entopeduncular region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region A defined region within the ventral telencephalon that gives rise to GABAergic and cholinergic cortical interneurons and is also a source of early-born oligodendrocytes in the telencephalon. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005077 secondary myofiber http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell Multinucleate cell formed by later myoblasts that cling by pseudopodia pushed into the surfaces of existing myotubes, and that instead of fusing with the myotube fuse with each other. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005078 dorsomedial edge of myotome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Muscle-forming part of each myotome that splits from the ventrolateral edge and gives rise to the epaxial musculature. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005079 ventrolateral edge of myotome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue Muscle-forming part of each myotome that splits from the dorsomedial edge and gives rise to the hypaxial musculature. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005080 dermomyotome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004006 multilaminar epithelium The bilaminar epithelium formed from the myotome and dermatome. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005081 egg jelly http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003162 acellular anatomical structure A gelatinous layer that surrounds the oocyte and releases chemoattractants that activate and guide sperm to the oocyte. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005082 lampbrush chromosome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part A special form of chromosome found in growing oocytes, transforming into the lampbrush form because of an active transcription of many genes, and organized into a series of chromomeres with large chromatin loops extended laterally. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005083 egg cell-free extract http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004291 cell-free extract A cell-free extract obtained from oocytes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005084 blastomere D1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003016 blastomere Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective dorsal midline of the animal hemisphere at the eight-cell stage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005085 blastomere D2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003016 blastomere Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective dorsal midline of the vegetal hemisphere at the eight-cell stage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005086 blastomere V1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003016 blastomere Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective ventral midline of the animal hemisphere at the eight-cell stage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005087 blastomere V2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003016 blastomere Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective ventral midline of the vegetal hemisphere at the eight-cell stage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005088 blastomere D1.1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005113 dorsal animal hemisphere blastomere Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective dorsal midline of the animal hemisphere at the 16-cell stage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005089 blastomere D1.2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005113 dorsal animal hemisphere blastomere Blastomere which lies in the animal hemisphere lateral to blastomere D1.1 at the 16-cell stage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005090 blastomere D2.1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005112 dorsal vegetal hemisphere blastomere Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective dorsal midline of the vegetal hemisphere at the 16-cell stage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005091 blastomere D2.2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005112 dorsal vegetal hemisphere blastomere Blastomere which lies in the vegetal hemisphere lateral to blastomere D2.1 at the 16-cell stage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005092 blastomere V1.1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005115 ventral animal hemisphere blastomere Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective ventral midline of the animal hemisphere at the 16-cell stage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005093 blastomere V1.2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005115 ventral animal hemisphere blastomere Blastomere which lies in the animal hemisphere lateral to V1.1 at the 16-cell stage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005094 blastomere V2.1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005114 ventral vegetal hemisphere blastomere Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective ventral midline of the vegetal hemisphere at the 16-cell stage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005095 blastomere V2.2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005114 ventral vegetal hemisphere blastomere Blastomere which lies in the vegetal hemisphere lateral to V2.1 at the 16-cell stage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005096 blastomere D1.1.1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005113 dorsal animal hemisphere blastomere Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective dorsal midline in the first tier of blastomeres. It contributes to a variety of tissues and organs, including the cement gland, brain, retina, lens, cranial ganglia, otic vesicle, neural crest, spinal cord, somites, liver, gut and pharynx. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005097 blastomere D1.1.2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005113 dorsal animal hemisphere blastomere Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective dorsal midline, posterior to its sister cell, blastomere D1.1.1, in the second tier of blastomeres. It contributes cells to a variety of tissues and organs, including the stomodeum, retina, epidermis, lens, cranial ganglia, epibranchial placodes, neural crest, brain, spinal cord, gut, liver, pharynx, somites, and archenteron roof. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005098 blastomere D1.2.1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005113 dorsal animal hemisphere blastomere Blastomere which lies lateral to blastomere D1.1.1 and is in the first tier of blastomeres. It contributes to a variety of tissues and organs, including the cement gland, head epidermis, olfactory epithelium, lens, cranial ganglia, otic vesicle, epidermis, tail fin, neural crest, retina, hindbrain, spinal cord, pharyngeal arches, caudal notochord and hindgut. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005099 blastomere D1.2.2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005113 dorsal animal hemisphere blastomere Blastomere which lies lateral to blastomere D1.1.2, posterior to its sister cell, blastomere D1.2.1, in the second tier of blastomeres. It contributes to a variety of tissues and organs including fin, epidermis, cement gland, olfactory epithelium, neural crest, lens, cranial ganglia, retina, brain, notochord, somites, pronephric kidney, lateral plate mesoderm, pharynx, foregut, hindgut and archenteron roof. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005100 blastomere D2.1.1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005112 dorsal vegetal hemisphere blastomere Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective dorsal midline in the fourth tier of blastomeres. It contributes largely to endodermal and mesodermal structures including the branchial and lateral plate mesoderm, foregut, liver, hindgut, some of the trunk, and a small number of cells contributing to neural crest of ectodermal origin. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005101 blastomere D2.1.2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005112 dorsal vegetal hemisphere blastomere Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective dorsal midline, anterior to its sister cell, blastomere D2.1.1, in the third tier of blastomeres. It contributes to mostly endodermal and mesodermal structures including the heart, head mesenchyme, notochord, somites, lateral plate mesoderm, foregut, hindgut, and a few cells of ectodermal origin (in cranial ganglia and neural crest). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005102 blastomere D2.2.1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005112 dorsal vegetal hemisphere blastomere Blastomere which lies lateral to blastomere D2.1.1 in the fourth tier of blastomeres. It contributes cells to the cranial ganglia, neural crest, spinal cord, fin epidermis, branchial mesoderm, heart, somites, pharynx, foregut, liver, and hindgut. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005103 blastomere D2.2.2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005112 dorsal vegetal hemisphere blastomere Blastomere which lies lateral to blastomere D2.1.2, anterior to its sister cell, blastomere D2.2.1, in the third tier of blastomeres. It contributes cells to the epidermis, neural crest, brain, spinal cord, head mesoderm, somites, pronephric kidney, lateral plate mesoderm, tail fin mesenchyme, foregut, hindgut, with occasional cells in the liver and proctodeum observed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005104 blastomere V1.1.1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005115 ventral animal hemisphere blastomere Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective ventral midline in the first tier of blastomeres. It contributes to epidermal and placodal derivatives including the epidermis, lens, cement gland, cranial ganglia, otic vesicle, neural crest, Rohon-Beard neurons, and spinal cord (but no other CNS structures). It also contributes to the pharyngeal mesoderm, heart, somites, pronephric kidney, lateral plate mesoderm and tail fin mesenchymes, and a few cells in the gut. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005105 blastomere V1.1.2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005115 ventral animal hemisphere blastomere Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective ventral midline, posterior to its sister cell, blastomere V1.1.1, in the second tier of blastomeres. It contributes to trunk epidermis and neural crest cells, Rohon-Beard neurons, somites, the pronephric kidney, lateral plate mesoderm, tail fin mesenchyme, hindgut and proctodeum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005106 blastomere V1.2.1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005115 ventral animal hemisphere blastomere Blastomere which lies lateral to blastomere V1.1.1 and is in the first tier of blastomeres. It contributes to many ectodermal structures including the epidermis, lens, cranial ganglia, otic vesicle, neural crest, olfactory placode, cement gland, retina, brain, and spinal cord. It also contributes cells to the pharyngeal mesoderm, head mesenchyme, heart, somites, pronephric kidney, lateral plate mesoderm and tail fin mesenchyme, archenteron roof, with occasional cells in the foregut, liver, hindgut and proctodeum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005107 blastomere V1.2.2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005115 ventral animal hemisphere blastomere Blastomere which lies lateral to blastomere V1.1.2, posterior to its sister cell, blastomere V1.2.1, in the second tier of blastomeres. It contributes to the epidermis, fins, cranial ganglia, otic vesicle, central nervous system, neural crest, and somites, with occasional cells in the pharyngeal mesoderm, head mesenchyme, hindgut, and proctodeum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005108 blastomere V2.1.1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005114 ventral vegetal hemisphere blastomere Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective, ventral midline in the fourth tier of blastomeres. It contributes a few cells to the epidermis, neural crest and spinal cord, and a large number of cells to the somites, pronephric kidney, lateral plate mesoderm, tail fin mesenchyme, hindgut, and proctodeum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005109 blastomere V2.1.2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005114 ventral vegetal hemisphere blastomere Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective ventral midline, anterior to its sister cell, blastomere V2.1.1, in the third tier of blastomeres. It contributes cells to the epidermis, neural crest, spinal cord, somites, tail, hindgut and proctodeum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005110 blastomere V2.2.1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005114 ventral vegetal hemisphere blastomere Blastomere which lies lateral to blastomere V2.1.1, in the fourth tier of blastomeres. It contributes cells to the epidermis and neural crest, spinal cord, somites, foregut, hindgut, and fewer cells to the head, pharyngeal mesoderm and proctodeum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005111 blastomere V2.2.2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005114 ventral vegetal hemisphere blastomere Blastomere which lies lateral to blastomere V2.1.2, anterior to its sister cell, blastomere V2.2.1, in the third tier of blastomeres. It contributes cells to the epidermis, tail fin, cranial ganglia, neural crest, hindbrain, spinal cord, otic vesicle, pharyngeal mesoderm, somites, foregut, hindgut, archenteron roof, and proctodeum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005112 dorsal vegetal hemisphere blastomere http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000279 vegetal blastomere Blastomere that is any of blastomeres D2.1 and D2.2 and their children cells after division, D2.1.1, D2.1.2, D2.2.1 and D2.2.2, on the left and right sides of embryo. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005113 dorsal animal hemisphere blastomere http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000200 animal blastomere Blastomere that is any of blastomeres D1.1 and D1.2 and their children cells after division, D1.1.1, D1.1.2, D1.2.1 and D1.2.2, on the left and right sides of embryo. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005114 ventral vegetal hemisphere blastomere http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000279 vegetal blastomere Blastomere that is any of blastomeres V2.1 and V2.2 and their children cells after division, V2.1.1, V2.1.2, V2.2.1 and V2.2.2, on the left and right sides of embryo. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005115 ventral animal hemisphere blastomere http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000200 animal blastomere Blastomere that is any of blastomeres V1.1 and V1.2 and their children cells after division, V1.1.1, V1.1.2, V1.2.1 and V1.2.2, on the left and right sides of embryo. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005116 melanotrope http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A cell in the pituitary gland (hypophysis) that generates melanocyte-stimulating hormone from its precursor polypeptide, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005117 germinal granule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part A characteristic, electrondense germ plasm organelle encapsulating the cytoplasmic face of the nuclear envelope of the cells destined to the germline fate. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005118 ooplasm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part The cytoplasm of the oocyte. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005119 oocyte cortex http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part Cell component comprising the outer layers of the oocyte. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005120 endoplasmic reticulum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005121 prime meridian http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region Embryonic region which is specified to form the head of the embryo. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005122 microtubule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part Any of the long, generally straight, hollow tubes of internal diameter 12-15 nm and external diameter 24 nm found in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells; each consists (usually) of 13 protofilaments of polymeric tubulin, staggered in such a manner that the tubulin monomers are arranged in a helical pattern on the microtubular surface, and with the alpha/beta axes of the tubulin subunits parallel to the long axis of the tubule; exist in equilibrium with pool of tubulin monomers and can be rapidly assembled or disassembled in response to physiological stimuli; concerned with force generation, e.g. in the spindle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005123 vegetal cortex http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part Cell component comprising the outer layers of the vegetal region of the oocyte. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005124 pulmonary epithelium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003045 epithelium The epithelial layer of the lung. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005125 ventral foregut http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure The ventral part of the foregut. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005126 dorsal foregut http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure The dorsal part of the foregut. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005127 anterior foregut http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Embryonic structure that consists of the anterior part of the foregut and develops into the esophagus and trachea. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005128 posterior foregut http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure The posterior part of the foregut. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005129 proximal stomach http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The section of the stomach comprising the cardia, fundus, and stomach body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005130 distal stomach http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The section of the stomach comprising the antrum and pylorus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005131 astrocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004308 glial cell A characteristically star-shaped type of glial cell found in the optic nerve, brain and spinal cord. They have many processes, giving them their star shape, which terminate in structures called end-feet. They are the most numerous glial cell in the central nervous system and can behave like phagocytes in the CNS during metamorphosis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005132 astrocyte end-foot http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part The terminal process of an astrocyte. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005133 oligodendrocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004308 glial cell A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system that form the insulating myelin sheath of axons. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005134 microglial cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004308 glial cell The smallest glial cell type in the central nervous system, cells of this type actively detect inflammatory responses/infection. They transform to a phagocytotic form, actively removing infective agents, and thus can present antigens to immune system cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005135 enteroendocrine cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003247 endocrine cell An endocrine cell that is located in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract or in the pancreas. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005136 dorsal involuting marginal zone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000068 marginal zone Tissue which during gastrulation involutes into the interior of the embryo, where its deep mesenchymal cells form the notochordal and somitic mesoderm and its superficial epithelial cells form the endodermal roof of the archenteron. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005137 monociliated cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005017 ciliated cell A ciliated cell that has a single cilium. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005138 subcortical cytoplasm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004290 cell part The cytoplasm beneath the outer layers of the oocyte. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005139 multiciliated cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005017 ciliated cell A ciliated cell that has more than one cilium. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005140 lung bud http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure A structure derived from the foregut that becomes a lung. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005141 pars externa of the stapes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element A cartilaginous extension of the stapes that expands into a cartilaginous tympanic disk. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005142 pars media of the stapes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004276 bone element The bony part of the stapes which forms the shaft. It is shaped like a bent rod: its distal half is firmly embedded within the tympanic disk, extending from the disk center caudally and dorsally, turning inwards, until it reaches the oval window at a shallow angle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005143 pars interna of the stapes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element A cartilaginous component of the stapes that is firmly attached to the proximal end of the pars media. It lies within the oval window and forms the stapes footplate. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005144 footplate of the stapes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element That part of the stapes lying within the oval window, formed from the stapes pars interna. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005145 fundus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The section of the stomach which lies between the cardia and the stomach body, and contains the fundic glands. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005146 oval window http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003190 anatomical space Entrance to the inner ear in the lateral wall of the otic capsule, which contains the footplate of the stapes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005147 parotic crest http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element Cartilaginous extension of the prootic bone which overlies the middle ear region. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005148 m. depressor mandibulae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004322 cranial muscle A muscle acting to open the lower jaw, which runs from the caudal otic region downwards, passing over the stapes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005149 m. levator scapulae superior http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004322 cranial muscle Superior aspect of the cranial muscle that passes between the otic capsule and the scapula. It originates on the otic capsule just caudal to the oval window. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005150 m. levator scapulae inferior http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004322 cranial muscle Inferior aspect of the cranial muscle that passes between the otic capsule and the scapula. It originates on the otic capsule just caudal to the oval window. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005151 m. petrohyoideus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004322 cranial muscle A long, strap-like muscle that originates mainly from the parotic crest, passes over the stapes and ultimately inserts on the ventral surface of the larynx. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005152 m. cucullaris http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004322 cranial muscle A muscle that originates on the otic capsule and adjacent tympanic annulus, and inserts on the pectoral girdle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005153 tympanic annulus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element The oval shaped cartilaginous ring that supports the cartilaginous tympanic disk. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005155 archenteron roof midline http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004003 anatomical line Anatomical line that divides the archenteron roof into right and left halves. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005156 stomach body http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The section of the stomach which lies between the fundus and the pyloric antrum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005157 antrum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The section of the stomach which lies between the stomach body and pylorus, and that contains gastrin-producing G cells, which stimulate acid production, and the luminal pH-sensitive population of somatostatin-producing D cells. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005158 pylorus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The stomach tissue region which surrounds and controls the distal outlet of the stomach, which opens into the duodenum, and contains the pyloric glands. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005159 cardia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003037 multi-tissue structure The section of the stomach which is attached to the esophagus and contains the cardiac glands. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005160 prepollex http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element A tiny skeletal element adjacent to the anterior-most digit in the autopod in the developing forelimb, possibly representing a vestigal digit. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005161 prehallux http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element A tiny skeletal element adjacent to the anterior-most digit in the autopod in the developing hindlimb (i.e., hindlimb digit 5), possibly representing a vestigal 6th digit in Xenopus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005162 mandibular arch skeleton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004289 skeletal subdivision Skeletal subdivision comprising the skeletal elements of the mandibular arch. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005163 thoracic region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003186 anatomical region A region of the embryo that is located broadly around the heart, but ventral to the pharyngeal region, posterior to the cement gland, and anterior to the endoderm or organs of endodermal origin (foregut, liver and lung primordia). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005164 alpha cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005135 enteroendocrine cell A type of endocrine cell in the pancreatic islets of the pancreas. They make up some of the islet cells synthesizing and secreting the peptide hormone glucagon, which elevates the glucose levels in the blood. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005165 beta cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005135 enteroendocrine cell A type of cell that is found in the pancreatic islets of the pancreas and secretes insulin. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005166 delta cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005135 enteroendocrine cell Somatostatin-producing cell that is found in the stomach, intestine and the pancreatic islets. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005167 epsilon cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005135 enteroendocrine cell A type of endocrine cell that is found in the islets of Langerhans and produces the hormone ghrelin. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005168 gamma cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005135 enteroendocrine cell A type of cell that produces pancreatic polypeptides in the pancreatic islets (the islets of Langerhans) of the pancreas. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000002 early tailbud stage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000007 tailbud stage Tailbud stage that refers to the earlier events associated with this stage, comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 22 to 28. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000011 NF stage 2 (2-cell) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 2, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Advanced two cell stage. First cleavage groove has reached vegetal pole. Ventral side of blastomeres darker than dorsal side. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000012 embryonic stage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000000 Xenopus developmental stage Xenopus developmental stage that starts with fertilization and ends with the formed feeding larva. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000013 NF stage 3 (4-cell) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 3, corresponding to an embryo of age 2 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Advanced four-cell stage. Second cleavage groove has reached vegetal pole. In animal view dorsal blastomeres usually smaller than ventral ones; the latter darker than the former. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000014 NF stage 4 (8-cell) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 4, corresponding to an embryo of age 2 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Advanced eight cell stage. Dorsal micro- and macromeres usually smaller than ventral ones; dorsal micromeres less pigmented than ventral ones. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000016 NF stage 6 (32-cell) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 6, corresponding to an embryo of age 3 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Advanced thirty-two cell stage. Distinction between dorsal and ventral micromeres as in preceding stage. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000018 NF stage 8 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 8 (128-cell stage), corresponding to an embryo of age 5 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Medium-cell blastula stage. Surface not yet entirely smooth. Border of animal pigment cap more diffuse at dorsal than at lateral and ventral sides. Gradual transition in cell size from animal to vegetative pole. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000019 NF stage 9 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 9, corresponding to an embryo of age 7 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Fine-cell blastula stage. Animal cells smaller at dorsal than at ventral side. Border between marginal zone and vegetative field distinct, particularly dorsally, owing to difference in cell size. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000020 NF stage 10 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 10, corresponding to an embryo of age 9 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Initial gastrula stage. First indication of blastopore only by pigment concentration. No formation of groove. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000021 NF stage 11 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 11, corresponding to an embryo of age 11 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Horse-shoe-shaped blastopore stage. Blastopore groove surrounding about half of future yolk plug and indicated at its ventral side; future yolk plug often rounded rectangular, slightly elongated in dorso-ventral direction, diameter more than two-fifths of diameter of egg (plus or minus 50 degrees of circumference). Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000022 NF stage 12 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 12, corresponding to an embryo of age 13 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Medium yolk plug stage. Yolk plug circular; diameter somewhat less than one fourth of diameter of egg (plus or minus 25 degrees). More and less pigmented fields radiating from yolk plug. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000023 NF stage 13 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 13, corresponding to an embryo of age 14 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Slit-blastopore stage. Neural plate faintly delimited; slight elevation of its rostral part and slight flattening of its caudal part. Caudal part of median groove formed. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000024 NF stage 14 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 14, corresponding to an embryo of age 16 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Neural plate stage. Cerebral part of neural plate bent downwards, with median elevation at rostral end of median groove. Initial elevation of neural folds, most pronounced in future nucal region. Blastopore always slit-shaped. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000025 NF stage 15 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 15, corresponding to an embryo of age 17 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Early neural fold stage. Presumptive cement gland faintly circumscribed. Anterior part of neural plate roundish. Neural folds distinct, except medio-rostrally; initial formation of sharp inner ridges on neural folds in rhombencephalic region. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000026 NF stage 16 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 16, corresponding to an embryo of age 18 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Mid neural fold stage. Anterior part of neural plate rectangular; darkly pigmented eye anlagen present; neural plate sharply constricted in the middle. Inner ridges on neural folds forming angle of about 90 degrees with neural plate in rhombencephalic region. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000027 NF stage 17 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 17, corresponding to an embryo of age 18 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Late neural fold stage. Anterior part of neural plate oblong triangular, angles formed by eye anlagen. Neural folds approaching each other from blastopore up to anterior trunk region. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000029 NF stage 6.5 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 6.5, corresponding to an embryo of age 3 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Morula stage. About 48 blastomeres. In animal view about 6 micromeres along meridian. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000031 NF stage 10.5 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 10.5, corresponding to an embryo of age 11 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Crescent-shaped blastopore stage. Blastopore groove angular. Vegetal field slightly decreased in size, ventral border of future yolk plug indicated by pigment contraction. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000033 NF stage 12.5 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 12.5, corresponding to an embryo of age 14 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Small yolk plug stage. Future position of neural plate and median groove indicated by darker pigment lines. Yolk plug usually ovoid, variable in size. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000034 NF stage 18 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 18, corresponding to an embryo of age 19 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Neural groove stage. Anterior part of neural plate narrow, more or less club-shaped, often narrower towards rostral end. Parallel neural folds in trunk region very close to each other, not yet touching. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000035 NF stage 19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 19, corresponding to an embryo of age 20 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Initial neural tube stage. Neural folds touching each other, except for inconstant openings at anterior and posterior end and behind nucal region. Considerable lateral extension of brain. Lateral outline of embryo still convex. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000036 NF stage 20 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 20, corresponding to an embryo of age 21 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Neural folds fused, suture still present. The two eye anlagen showing through dumb-bell-shaped, eyes hardly protruding. Beginning of stretching of embryos. Lateral outline flat. Length: 1.7 - 1.8 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000037 NF stage 21 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 21, corresponding to an embryo of age 22 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Suture of neural tube completely closed. Delimitation of frontal field by pigment lines. Primary eye vesicles showing through in the form of two separate, obliquely placed oval spots; beginning of protrusion of eyes. Lateral outline of embryo just becoming concave, ventral outline flat. Length: 1.9 - 2.0 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000039 NF stage 23 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 23, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 day, 45 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Jaw- and gill-areas completely separated by groove. Ventral outline of embryo more concave. Length: 2.2 - 2.4 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000041 NF stage 25 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 25, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 day, 3 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Eyes protruding equally far or further laterally than gill-area. Gill-area grooved. Invagination of otic vesicle indicated by pigment spot. Beginning of fin formation. Length: 2.8 - 3.0 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000042 NF stage 26 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 26, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 day, 5 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Otic vesicle protruding. Pronephros distinctly visible. Myotomes showing through for the first time. Fin somewhat broadened at dorso-caudal end of body. Beginning of spontaneous movements. Length: 3.0 - 3.3 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000043 NF stage 27 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 27, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 day, 7 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Lateral flattening of eyes. Fin transluscent, except for region behind anus. Tail bud formation accentuated in lateral outline. Length: 3.4 - 3.7 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000048 NF stage 33 and 34 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 33/34, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 day, 20 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Stomodeal invagination a shallow vertical groove. Dorsal part of eye more pigmented than ventral part; distinct melanophores in dorsal part. Melanophores appearing dorsally on the head and laterally in a row extending from just below the pronephros backwards. Length of tail bud about twice its breadth. Beginning of heart beat. Length: 4.7 - 5.3 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000050 NF stage 37 and 38 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 37/38, corresponding to an embryo of age 2 days, 5 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Stomodeal invagination much deeper, opening round. Both gill rudiments nipple-shaped, a branch of the anterior one indicated. Posterior outline of proctodeum straight, forming very obtuse angle with ventral border of tail myotomes. Melanophores spreading over tail. Length: 5.6 - 6.2 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000052 NF stage 40 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 40, corresponding to an embryo of age 2 days, 18 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Mouth broken through. Length of gills about twice their breadth, posterior one sometimes also showing a branch. Outlines of proctodeum and tail myotomes forming angles of 90 degrees. Beginning of blood circulation in gills. Length: 6.3 - 6.8 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000053 NF stage 41 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 41, corresponding to an embryo of age 3 days, 4 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Gills broader and flatter, more laterally directed. Formation of a left-rostral and a right-caudal furrow in yolk mass; torsion of interjacent part about 45 degrees; formation of conical proctodeum, forming angle of about 60 degrees with tail myotomes. Formation of fin rostral to proctodeum; ventral outline of yolk mass and proctodeum a smooth concave line. Length: 6.7 - 7.5 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000054 NF stage 42 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 42, corresponding to an embryo of age 3 days, 8 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Beginning of formation of opercular folds. Torsion of intestine about 90 degrees; proctodeum connected with yolk mass by short horizontal intestinal tube. Length: 7.0 - 7.7 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000055 NF stage 43 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 43, corresponding to an embryo of age 3 days, 15 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Lateral line system becoming visible externally. Cement gland losing its pigment. Torsion of intestine about 180 degrees; proctodeum narrower, arched or S-shaped. Length: 7.5 - 8.3 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000057 NF stage 45 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 45, corresponding to a tadpole of age 4 days, 2 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Operculum partly covering gills, edge still straight. Intestine spiralized in ventral aspects, showing 1.5 revolutions. Beginning of feeding. Length: 8 - 10 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000060 NF stage 48 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 48, corresponding to a tadpole of age 7.5 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Beginning of pigmentation around n. acusticus. Forelimb bud visible for the first time. Shining gold-coloured abdomen. Hindlimb bud semicircular in lateral aspect. Length: 14 - 17 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000061 NF stage 49 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 49, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 12 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Melanophores usually appearing around thymus gland and nerves and blood vessels of head; xantophores appearing on pericard. Forelimb bud distinct. Hindlimb bud somewhat longer, distal outline still circular, no constrictions at base. Melanophores appearing on dorsal and ventral fin. Length: 17 - 23 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000062 NF stage 50 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 50, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 15 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Forelimb bud somewhat oval-shaped in dorsal aspect. Hindlimb bud longer than broad, constricted at base, distal outline somewhat conical. Length: 20 - 27 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000064 NF stage 52 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 52, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 21 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Forelimb bud irregularly conical. Hindlimb bud showing first indication of ankle constriction and first sign of flattening of foot. Length: 42 - 56 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000066 NF stage 54 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 54, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 26 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: All four fingers indicated; edge of hand slightly scalloped between fingers; melanophores appearing on forelimb. Length of hindlimb without foot nearly twice its breadth; all five toes indicated, the second only very slightly. Length: 58 - 65 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000067 NF stage 55 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 55, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 32 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Hand pronated about 90 degrees; free parts of fingers about equally long as broad. Length of hindlimb without foot about 3 times its breadth; length of cartilages of 4th and 5th toe about 4 times their breadth. Length: 70 - 80 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000068 NF stage 56 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 56, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 38 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Elbow and wrist clearly indicated; length of free parts of fingers 3 to 4 times their breadth. Length of cartilages of 4th and 5th toe about 6 times their breadth. Length: 70 - 100 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000070 NF stage 58 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 58, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 44 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Forelimbs broken through. Guanophores appearing on abdomen and thighs (adult skin areas). All three claws present on hindlimbs. Length: 80 - 110 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000071 NF stage 59 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 59, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 45 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Tentacles beginning to shrivel up. Stretched forelimb reaching down to base of hindlimb. Guanophores appearing near base of forelimb (adult skin area); anterior border of adult skin area on abdomen not yet sharp; appearance of irregular dark spots on back. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000074 NF stage 62 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 62, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 49 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Head still somewhat broader than cranial part of trunk. Tentacles short, straight. N. olfactorius shorter than diameter of bulbus olfactorius. Corner of mouth still in front of eye. Thymus gland somewhat protruding. 3rd arterial arch ("larval aorta") seen at distance of its own diameter in front of adult skin area of forelimb. Opening of operculum reduced to curved slit. Forelimb at level of middle of heart. Anterior border of adult skin area on abdomen entirely sharp, mostly nicked medially. Ventral fin disappeared from abdomen. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000076 NF stage 64 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 64, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 53 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Corner of mouth well behind eye. Various adult skin areas joined almost everywhere, borderlines still clearly visible. Length of tail (from anus) is a third of body length. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000077 NF stage 65 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 65, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 54 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Borderlines between adult skin areas partly disappeared. Tail oblong triangular in dorsal aspect, length abouth one tenth of body length. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000078 NF stage 66 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 66, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 58 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Border lines between adult skin areas disappeared. Tail only a very small triangle, no longer visible from ventral side. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000080 late tailbud stage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000007 tailbud stage Tailbud stage that refers to the later events associated with this stage, comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 29/30 to 44. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000082 unfertilized egg stage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000000 Xenopus developmental stage Any of the stages of the developing or mature Xenopus female gamete. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000083 oocyte stage I http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000082 unfertilized egg stage The pre-vitellogenic stage of the developing female gamete. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000084 oocyte stage II http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000082 unfertilized egg stage The early vitellogenic stage of the developing female gamete. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000085 oocyte stage III http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000082 unfertilized egg stage The mid-vitellogenic stage of the developing female gamete. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000086 oocyte stage IV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000082 unfertilized egg stage The stage of the developing female gamete that corresponds to the establishment of polarization along the animal-vegetal axis of the gamete. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000088 oocyte stage VI http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000082 unfertilized egg stage The developmental stage of the female gamete at which the gamete is fully grown. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000091 climax stage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000079 metamorphosing tadpole stage Metamorphosing tadpole stage during which tail resorption occurs, comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 58 to 66. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000000 Xenopus developmental stage Xenopus developmental stage that is one of the 66 standard chronological embryonic and tadpole stages originally described by Nieuwkoop and Faber in the Normal Table of Xenopus laevis (Daudin). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000095 post-embryonic stage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000000 Xenopus developmental stage Xenopus developmental stage that succeeds the embryonic stage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000016 midbrain-hindbrain boundary http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004003 anatomical line The part of the brain that is the morphological boundary between the midbrain and hindbrain and that is the location of an organizing center which patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004106 regenerating forelimb http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004311 regenerating limb A portion of forelimb tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000461 trunk placode http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003042 embryonic structure Thickened plate of ectoderm that contributes to the formation of the dorsal, middle, or ventral lateral line. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003085 Meckel's cartilage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004013 cartilage element Paired cartilaginous component of the lower jaw that fuses together through a median inferior labial cartilage, resulting in a single curved bar of cartilage by metamorphic climax. During metamorphosis it is surrounded by the developing dentale and goniale. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003249 epithelial cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003012 cell A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000049 NF stage 35 and 36 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000094 NF stage Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 35/36, corresponding to an embryo of age 2 days, 2 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Stomodeal invagination roundish. Eye entirely black, choroid fissure nearly closed. Formation of two gill rudiments, anterior one nipple-shaped. Melanophores appearing on back. Posterior outline of proctodeum still curved. Length of tail bud about three times its breadth. Beginning of hatching. Length: 5.3 - 6.0 mm. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000079 metamorphosing tadpole stage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000008 tadpole stage Tadpole stage during which toe differentiation and rapid hindlimb growth continue, followed by tail resorption; comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 54 to 66. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004203 pre-enameloid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004046 odontoid tissue Odontoid tissue that is avascular non-mineralized matrix that is deposited by odontoblasts and ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003195 vestibuloauditory system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003194 sensory system The sensory system used for balance and hearing. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0004092 preplacodal ectoderm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003040 tissue A thick, U-shaped primordium positioned at the border of the future epidermis and the neural plate/neural crest forming regions, in the neural stage embryo. This field of naive ectoderm is subdivided into 3 domains, each with distinct gene expression profiles: the anterior PPE (bottom of the U), the lateral PPE (the curves of the U), and the posterior PPE (arms of the U and adjacent to the neural crest/neural plate border). The PPE differentiates into the sensory placodes, which in turn form the adenohypophysis/anterior pituitary gland and sensory organs (such as the olfactory epithelium, lens, trigeminal nerves, epibranchial nerves, otic vesicles and lateral lines). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000000 Xenopus developmental stage A temporal interval that defines Xenopus life from unfertilized egg to adult and death stages. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000000 Xenopus anatomical entity An entity that is either an individual member of Xenopus or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of Xenopus. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003068 obsolete fore mesopodium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000216 obsolete cortex http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005238 obsolete rostral notochord http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005239 obsolete caudal notochord http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005252 obsolete left olfactory pit http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005253 obsolete right olfactory pit http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005256 obsolete left eye http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005257 obsolete right eye http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005258 obsolete left inner ear http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005259 obsolete right inner ear http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005270 obsolete left part of branchial arch skeleton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005271 obsolete right part of branchial arch skeleton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005272 obsolete left forelimb http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005273 obsolete right forelimb http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005274 obsolete left hindlimb http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005275 obsolete right hindlimb http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005276 obsolete left optic vesicle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005277 obsolete right optic vesicle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005278 obsolete left part of brain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0005279 obsolete right part of brain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000293 obsolete neural fold http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003167 obsolete fore metapodium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000222 obsolete ear placode http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000201 obsolete olfactory apparatus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_1000009 obsolete frog http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0006057 obsolete erythrocyte http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000039 obsolete anatomical site http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000059 obsolete pronephros http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000061 obsolete pronephric capsule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000073 obsolete deep (mesenchymal) layer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000147 obsolete glomerus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000149 obsolete renal proximal convoluted tubule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000150 obsolete loop of Henle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000152 obsolete renal distal convoluted tubule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000203 obsolete archencephalic region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000219 obsolete superficial (epithelial) layer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000221 obsolete deuterencephalic region http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000290 obsolete pronephric nephron segment S1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0000351 obsolete secondary vessel http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003021 obsolete spinal cord neuron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003058 obsolete larval structure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003067 obsolete fore epipodium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003069 obsolete hind propodium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003070 obsolete hind metapodium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003071 obsolete fore propodium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003072 obsolete hind epipodium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003082 obsolete sucker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003148 obsolete germ line cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XAO_0003168 obsolete hind mesopodium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/xao#start_stage starts during Anatomical structure/expression begins being viable, obvious or of utility during this developmental stage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/xao#end_stage ends during Anatomical structure/expression stops being viable, obvious or of utility during this developmental stage. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002202 develops from http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 part of http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/xao#preceded_by preceded by