adjuvants enhancing antibiotic entry gallic acid ChEBI:30778 ChEMBL:CHEMBL288114 PubChem:370 Gallic acid was found to enhance sulfonamides against multidrug-resistant S. suis. Gallic acid effectively disrupts the integrity and function of the cytoplasmic membrane by dissipating the proton motive force of bacteria. It regulates the expression of dihydrofolate reductase, which then inhibits tetrahydrofolate synthesis. As a result of polypharmacology, gallic acid can fully restore sulfadiazine sodium activity in the animal infection model without any drug resistances. ARO:3007528 antibiotic_resistance CAS:149-91-7