human_reference_atlas part of Homo sapiens incus bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Gray917.png quadrate - incus MA:0001215 FMA:52752 The incus or anvil is the anvil-shaped small bone or ossicle in the middle ear. It connects the malleus to the stapes. It was first described by Alessandro Achillin of Bologna. The incus transmits sound vibrations from the malleus to the stapes. The incus only exists in mammals, and is derived from a reptilian upper jaw bone, the quadrate bone. Embryologically it is derived from the first pharyngeal arch along with the rest of the bones of mastication, such as the maxilla and mandible. [WP,unvetted]. incus bone According to this theory (Reichert-Gaupp theory), the mammalian stapes is derived from the reptilian columella, the incus from the quadrate and the malleus from the articular (...).[well established][VHOG] AS SCTID:272649008 incus bone Wikipedia:Incus UBERON:0001688 EMAPA:18583 NCIT:C32770 incus VHOG:0000689 UMLS:C0021181 incus bone GAID:866 uberon MESH:D007188 splanchnocranium ossicle auditory ossicle endochondral element