human_reference_atlas part of has part neuron Homo sapiens telencephalon hindbrain cerebellum https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Cerebellum_NIH.png XAO:0003098 UBERON:0002037 BM:CB cerebellum BAMS:Cb epencephalon-1 AAO:0010485 CALOHA:TS-0125 corpus cerebelli MESH:D002531 MAT:0000110 Specialized brain region derived from the dorsal metencephalon (anterior hindbrain, and perhaps including posterior midbrain) and becoming distinctive late in the segmentation period. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] EMAPA:17787 Dorsal part of the hindbrain that coordinates muscle movement, posture, and balance.[AAO] BAMS:CB NCIT:C12445 neuronames:643 FMA:67944 EV:0100293 VHOG:0000024 almost all AOs agree that the cerebellum is part of the hindbrain (sometimes specifically part of the metencephalon, which, when present, is part of the hindbrain). However, ABA has cerebellum and brain stem as partof siblings, with the hindbrain part of the brainstem infratentorial region BIRNLEX:1489 AS GAID:595 UMLS:C1268981 Wikipedia:Cerebellum UMLS:C0007765 uberon cerebellum However, although the lamprey possesses a region comparable to the cerebellum and display expression of LjFgf8/17 at the MHB (midbrain hindbrain boundary), it does not have Purkinje cells and cerebellar nuclei, as well as components of the rhombic lip-derived cerebellar and pre-cerebellar systems. It is noteworthy that the latter structures require specific expression of Pax6 in the rhombic lip of the gnathostome hindbrain. Interestingly, the lamprey rhombic lip does not express Pax6. Thus, it is tempting to speculate that in vertebrate evolution the rostral hindbrain is incapable of differentiating into the cerebellum before the co-option of Pax6 in that region. In other words, cerebellum has been brought about as an evolutionary innovation in gnathostomes, based on exaptation of MHB, rhombic lip, and some regulatory gene expression already present in the vertebrate common ancestor.[well established][VHOG] MIAA:0000110 EHDAA2:0000232 SCTID:180924008 HBA:4696 parencephalon Part of the metencephalon that lies in the posterior cranial fossa behind the brain stem. It is concerned with the coordination of movement[MESH]. A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum , and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe[BTO]. Brain structure derived from the anterior hindbrain, and perhaps including posterior midbrain. The cerebellum plays a role in somatic motor function, the control of muscle tone, and balance[ZFA]. ZFA:0000100 TAO:0000100 The absence of a cerebellum in hagfishes and lampreys appears to be the only exception [to the rule that vertebrates possess the same number of brain divisions]. Both hagfishes and lampreys do possess a thin band of cells located medial to the lateral line centers of the medulla (Ronan and Northcutt, 1998), which has been interpreted as a primitive cerebellum (Larsell, 1967), but more recent experimental studies (Kishida et al., 1987; Weigle and Northcutt, 1998) fail to support Larsell's claim[http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/content/42/4/743.full] EFO:0000327 BTO:0000232 MA:0000198 cerebellar DHBA:10656 MBA:512 brainstem regional part of brain gray matter of hindbrain