assembly layer-by-layer assembly electrostatic self-assembly A synthesis method in which thin films of oppositely charged layers are deposited in sequence. Positive or negative charged species are adsorbed onto the sample surface by dipping the substrate into solutions. The excess solution, after each adsorption step, is rinsed with solvent. layer-by-layer adsorption LbL assembly LBL assembly CHMO:0001304 electrostatic self-assembly deposition ESA ESD LBL LbL