has_participant has participant MAPK cascade MAPK signalling MAPK signal transduction ERK/MAPK cascade GO:0007255 MAP kinase kinase kinase cascade MAPK cascades lie downstream of many cell surface receptors and cooperate in transmitting various extracellular signals to the nucleus. One way by which the specificity of each cascade is regulated is through the existence of several distinct components in each tier of the different cascades. The cascades are typically named according to the component in the MAPK tier. GO:0000165 Wikipedia:Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain an additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinase in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell. MAPK signaling Wikipedia:MAPK_cascade MAPKKK cascade during sporulation MAP kinase cascade biological_process MAPKKK cascade mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade intracellular signal transduction tumor necrosis factor (human) tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn (human) fibroblast growth factor 2 (human) platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (human) calmodulin-1 (human) mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit (human) platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (human) dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 (human) dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (human)