axon synapses in synapsed by has characterizing marker set NS forest marker set of rod bipolar cell (Human retina). NS forest marker set of rod bipolar cell (Human retina). retinal rod cell ON-bipolar cell rod bipolar cell A bipolar neuron found in the retina that is synapsed by rod photoreceptor cells but not by cone photoreceptor cells. These neurons depolarize in response to light. Rod bipolar cells constitute a significant component of the retinal neural network and play a pivotal role in signal transmission from rod photoreceptor cells to the other subsequent neuronal cells within the vision system. They belong to the category of interneurons, or connector cells, effectively conveying visual information under low light conditions. Non-mammalian and mammalian visual systems feature these cells serving as the primary conduit for scotopic (night vision) signals. These cells harness their strategic position in the retina's inner nuclear layer to receive information from the rod photoreceptor cells and transmit it to amacrine and ganglion cells. Structurally, they are named bipolar due to their distinctive shape, with dendrites extending towards the outer retina to connect with rod cells, while their axons lead inwards to form synapses with ganglion and amacrine cells in the inner plexiform layer. Each rod bipolar cell tends to interface with several rod cells and several downstream neurons, forming intricate networks. Bearing intricate dendritic trees, these cells can integrate responses from multiple rod cells efficiently, amplifying the retinal signal's strength. They employ glutamate, a type of neurotransmitter, to govern synaptic communication between photoreceptor cells and downstream neurons. This stratified arrangement of rod bipolar cells endows them with the capability to translate light signals into neural signals, predominantly maintaining the spatial and temporal resolution of our visual perception in dim lighting. They are key to our night vision and our ability to detect changes in our light environment. (This extended description was generated by ChatGPT and reviewed by the CellGuide team, who added references, and by the CL editors, who approved it for inclusion in CL. It may contain information that applies only to some subtypes and species, and so should not be considered definitional.) The marker set CDHR3, PRKCA-AS1 can identify the Human cell type http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000751 in the retina with a confidence of 0.929575519 (NS-Forest FBeta value). FMA:67750 The marker set ENSG00000227681, C16orf74 can identify the Human cell type http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000751 in the retina with a confidence of 0.907779697 (NS-Forest FBeta value). https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000751 ZFA:0009321 Teleostei Homo sapiens sublaminar layer S4 sublaminar layer S5