part of part of steroid hormone secreting cell meso-epithelial cell cortical cell of adrenal gland 2010-08-24T01:37:44Z A cell of the adrenal cortex. Cell types include those that synthesize and secrete chemical derivatives (steroids) of cholesterol. FMA:69545 adrenocortical cell Cortical cells of the adrenal gland, or adrenal cortical cells, are essential components of the endocrine system found in the adrenal cortex, the outer region of the adrenal gland. They are responsible for the synthesis and secretion of vital hormones, including glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and small amounts of adrenal androgens. The adrenal cortical cells are further subdivided into three groups based on their position and function: zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis. The zona glomerulosa cells are scattered and primarily secrete mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone; the zona fasciculata contains large adrenal cortical cells replete with liquids (“clear cells”) that release glucocorticoids; and the zona reticularis contains “compact” cells containing lipofuscin that are involved in the secretion of adrenal androgens. Each layer plays a distinct and vital role in maintaining a range of body functions, from metabolic processes to stress response mechanisms. The primary function of these cells corresponds to the hormones they produce. Glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, play a crucial role in glucose metabolism, immune response modulation, and stress response. Mineralocorticoids, primarily aldosterone, actively participate in maintaining the body's electrolyte and water balance by regulating sodium and potassium levels. Meanwhile, adrenal androgens serve as precursors for other sex hormones in both males and females. Therefore, adrenal cortical cells are a central part of the endocrine system, coordinating multiple vital physiological processes. (This extended description was generated by ChatGPT and reviewed by the CellGuide team, who added references, and by the CL editors, who approved it for inclusion in CL. It may contain information that applies only to some subtypes and species, and so should not be considered definitional.) adrenal cortex cell https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002097 adrenal gland glandular cell adrenal cortex