part of part of hepatocyte periportal region hepatocyte 2020-10-12T10:29:31Z periportal hepatocyte https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0019026 Periportal region hepatocytes, also known as Zone 1 hepatocytes, are specialized epithelial cells located in the periportal region of the liver acinus, near the portal triad, which comprises the portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct. These cells form a major part of the liver's cellular architecture and play a pivotal role in detoxification, metabolism, and homeostasis processes in the human body. Periportal hepatocytes differ functionally from hepatocytes in the liver’s midzone (zone 2) and the pericentral zone 3. They are exposed to higher oxygen concentrations than hepatocytes in zones 2 and 3 because they are closer to the portal triads where oxygen-rich blood enters the liver. They therefore catalyze predominantly oxidative energy metabolism. Periportal hepatocytes are responsible for gluconeogenesis, the process by which glucose is synthesized from smaller precursor molecules like lactate, glycerol and glucogenic amino acids, to maintain blood glucose levels, particularly during fasting periods. Additionally, they carry out cholesterol synthesis, fatty acid oxidation, urea synthesis, and the conversion of ammonia to urea, aiding in the detoxification and excretory functions necessary to maintain homeostasis. Periportal hepatocytes are also associated with bile synthesis and secretion, given their proximity to the bile duct. Bile components facilitate the digestion and absorption of dietary lipids and the removal of waste products from the liver. Because of their location near the portal triad periportal hepatocytes are more resistant to ischemic injury than other hepatocytes but are more susceptible to toxic damage due to their higher exposure to drugs and toxins. (This extended description was generated by ChatGPT and reviewed by the CellGuide team, who added references, and by the CL editors, who approved it for inclusion in CL. It may contain information that applies only to some subtypes and species, and so should not be considered definitional.) Any hepatocyte that is part of the liver lobule periportal region. These cells are primarily involved in oxidative energy metabolism. liver lobule periportal region