has soma location has soma location expresses expresses GABAergic neuron dopaminergic neuron AVPV/PeN kisspeptin neuron, mouse 2026-04-30T11:39:01Z A hypothalamic kisspeptin neuron with its soma located in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and the posterior part of the periventricular hypothalamic nucleus in the rostral hypothalamus (Stephens et al., 2017; Nejad et al., 2017). It mediates estrogen positive feedback by driving gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and is required for the preovulatory LH surge (Adachi et al., 2007; Nejad et al., 2017). In mice, it co-expresses kisspeptin (Kiss1) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), indicating a dopaminergic component within an otherwise primarily GABAergic phenotype (Kauffman et al., 2007; Stephens et al., 2017, 2024). It also expresses estrogen receptor alpha (Esr1), enabling direct regulation by estradiol (Frazao et al., 2013; Wartenberg et al., 2021). It belongs to a sexually dimorphic population, with higher cell numbers observed in females than in males in rodents (Stephens et al., 2017; Nejad et al., 2017). AVPV Kiss1 neuron GitHub Copilot PeN Kiss1 neuron AVPV kisspeptin neuron PeN kisspeptin neuron anteroventral periventricular nucleus kisspeptin neuron hypothalamus kisspeptin neuron Mus musculus estrogen receptor (mouse) tyrosine 3-monooxygenase (mouse) metastasis-suppressor KiSS-1 (mouse) anteroventral periventricular nucleus posterior periventricular nucleus