has soma location has soma location has characterizing marker set NS forest marker set of L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (Human neocortex). extratelencephalic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron pyramidal tract (PT) neuron burst-firing layer 5 neuron L5 ET glut L5b neuron subcerebral projection (SCPN) neuron Pyramidal tract-like (PT-l) The L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron is a highly specialized neuron located in layer 5 (L5) of the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex, the outermost shell of the brain, is divided into six layers based on the types of neurons they contain and the functions they perform. L5 is known for its characteristic large pyramidal neurons, among which L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neurons reside. Functionally, the primary role of the L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron is to send signals from the cerebral cortex to other parts of the brain or body apart from the telencephalon - the largest part of the brain that encompasses both cerebral hemispheres. These neurons accomplish this task through their long axons that form connections or synapses with neurons in other subcortical regions. Notably, these neurons are glutamatergic, meaning they release the neurotransmitter glutamate, which is crucial for signaling in the brain as it is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter and plays a crucial role in neural plasticity, learning, and memory. The L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron is pivotal in carrying out complex motor activities as the signals they transmit are often directed to areas of the brain responsible for the initiation and modulation of motor functions, such as the spinal cord or the brainstem. Alterations in their structure or function can lead to various neurological disorders like autism, epilepsy, and schizophrenia. (This extended description was generated by ChatGPT and reviewed by the CellGuide team, who added references, and by the CL editors, who approved it for inclusion in CL. It may contain information that applies only to some subtypes and species, and so should not be considered definitional.) A transcriptomically distinct glutamatergic neuron, with a soma found in the deeper portion of L5, that has long-range axonal projections including deep subcortical targets outside of the telencephalon and, in some cases, the spinal cord. While the L5 ET neuron projections are not limited to ET targets, they are clearly differentiated from the neuron subclasses whose projections are constrained to intratelencephalic (IT) targets. L5 ET neurons are generally the largest excitatory cortical neurons, typically having a thick apical dendrite with a prominent dendritic tuft in layer 1 and displaying burst-firing physiological characteristics. https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_4023041 thick-tufted layer 5 (TTL5) pyramidal neuron The marker set CHST8, POU3F1 can identify the Human cell type L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron in the neocortex with a confidence of 0.815891473 (NS-Forest FBeta value). cerebral cortex pyramidal neuron Homo sapiens cortical layer V