has characteristic extratelencephalic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron von Economo neuron 2023-05-25T07:29:21Z VEN In humans, a von Economo neuron is restricted to layer 5 of the anterior cingulate, frontoinsular, and medial frontopolar regions of cerebral cortex, while in some other species it is also found in the frontal and occipital poles and may not be restricted to layer 5. An extratelencephalic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron that is morphologically-defined with a large, spindle-shaped cell body, thick bipolar dendrites with limited branching and a moderate density of spines, and often an axon initial segment that emanates from the side of the cell body. This cell type is associated with markers POU3F, BMP3 and ITGA4. cortical bipolar morphology