part of continuant at some time part of continuant at all times that whole exists disposition 倾向 realizable entity 可实现实体 role 角色 Role role 角色 (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives. 角色 John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. Role b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) role role the priest role the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories the role of a building in serving as a military target the role of a stone in marking a property boundary the role of subject in a clinical trial the student role BFO 2参考：非刚性共相的一个主要例子涉及角色，及为相应的管理目的而开发的本体可以完全由这类实体的代表组成。因此，“教授”的定义如下，b为t时的教授实例=Def.有一些c，c为教授角色的实例 & 在t时刻，c存在_于b，表示非刚性共相，所以还要做“护士”、“学生”、“上校”、“纳税人”等等。 （这些术语在哲学术语中都是阶段排序的。）通过在定义中使用角色术语，我们可以为这些实体创建一个BFO一致性处理，而这些实体根据这个事实，即一个教授实例可能同时是工会成员，没有教授角色类型的实例也是（在任何时候）工会成员角色类型的实例（任何时候任何颜色类型的实例都是长度类型的实例）。如果就业岗位的本体应该根据上述模式的角色来定义，这就使得本体能够正确地处理这样一个事实，即个人在生命的某个阶段只实例化相应的共相-教授、中士、护士。 b是一个角色意味着：b是可实现实体 & b的存在是因为在某些特定的物理、社会或制度环境中存在一些单一的承载者，在这种环境下，承载者不必是“ b不是这样的，如果它不复存在，那么承载者的物理组成就会改变。 （BFO2公理标签参考：[061-001]） 一个可实现实体，它的表现会带来某种结果或结局，而这种结果或结局对于一个常体来说并不是必不可少的，因为它是一种事物，但它可以在某种自然的，社会的或制度的环境中，被这种常体所服务或参与。 作为军事目标的建筑物的角色 学生角色 患者在临床试验中的作用 牧师的角色 石头在标记一个属性边界中的角色 约翰对玛丽的丈夫角色依赖于玛丽对约翰的妻子角色，二者都依赖于由约翰和玛丽组成的对象集合，其中包括约翰和玛丽作为成员部分通过婚姻关系性质而成为一体。 角色 边界划分两个邻近的行政区域的角色