part of part_of develops from retina 视网膜 AAO:0010352 BAMS:R BTO:0001175 CALOHA:TS-0865 Currently this class encompasses only verteberate AOs but could in theory also include cephalopod - we may want to make a more specific class for vertebrate retina. note that this class excludes ommatidial retinas, as the retina must be part of an eyeball. Use the parent class photoreceptor array / light-sensitive tissue for arthropods EFO:0000832 EHDAA2:0001627 EHDAA:4757 EMAPA:17168 EV:0100348 FMA:58301 GAID:755 MA:0000276 MAT:0000142 MBA:304325711 MESH:D012160 MIAA:0000142 NIFSTD_RETIRED:birnlex_1156 Netzhaut Netzhaut OpenCyc:Mx4rvViTfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000152 The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] The portion of the eye developing from the optic primordium and including the neural retina and the retinal pigment layer. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. UBERON:0000966 UMLS:C0035298 UMLS:C1278894 VHOG:0000229 XAO:0000009 ZFA:0000152 inner layer of eyeball inner layer of eyeball retina of camera-type eye retina of camera-type eye retinal retinas retinas tunica interna of eyeball tunica interna of eyeball uberon 成年七鳃鳗的眼睛与我们自己的眼睛非常相似，并且它具有许多特征（包括视蛋白基因的表达），这些特征与有颚脊椎动物的眼睛非常相似。猛禽的照相机式眼睛有晶状体、虹膜和眼外肌(其中5个,不像有六个的颚脊椎动物的眼睛),尽管它没有眼内肌。视网膜的结构也与其他脊椎动物的视网膜非常相似，有三个核层，由感光细胞和双极、水平、无长突和神经节细胞体组成。南半球七鳃鳗(Geotria australis)具有五种形态类型的视网膜感光细胞和五种视蛋白类型，每种类型的视蛋白都与有颚脊椎动物的视蛋白密切相关。鉴于这些相似性，我们得出了无可避免的结论，即无颌和有颌脊椎动物的最后一个共同祖先已经拥有了与现存的七鳃鳗和颌口类相当的眼睛。 目前这个类只包含脊柱动物 AOs，但理论上还包括头足类 - 我们可能想为脊椎动物视网膜做一个更具体的类。注意这个类不包括小眼视网膜，因为视网膜必须是眼球的一部分。对于节肢动物，使用父类光感受器阵列/感光组织 相机式眼睛视网膜 相机式眼睛视网膜 眼球内层 眼球内层 眼球内膜 眼球内膜 眼的一部分，从视原基发育而来，包括神经视网膜和视网膜色素层。 Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] 视网膜(Netzhaut) 视网膜(Netzhaut) 视网膜(retinas) 视网膜(retinas) 视网膜是眼球后部的最内层或涂层，对光线敏感，而视神经在视网膜上终止。 视网膜的 posterior segment of eyeball 眼后段 optic cup 视杯 ectoderm-derived structure 外胚层衍生结构 organ component layer 器官组件层 photoreceptor array 感光阵列 chorioretinal region 脉络膜视网膜区域