organ 器官 esophagus 食管 AAO:0000145 ANISEED:1235301 Anterior end of the alimentary canal lined with smooth muscle. Bounded anteriorly by a constriction in the pharynx. Bounded posteriorly by and increase in circular and/or longitudinal smooth muscle associated with the stomach.[AAO] BTO:0000959 CALOHA:TS-0700 EFO:0000835 EHDAA2:0001285 EHDAA:2937 EMAPA:16833 EV:0100069 FMA:7131 GAID:291 MA:0000352 MAT:0000048 MESH:A03.365 MIAA:0000048 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVj9Q5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000204 The few structural specializations in (adult lampreys) pharynx include complex valves on the external gill openings that direct the tidal flow, and the division of the ancestral pharynx into an oesophagus and a respiratory pharynx.[well established][VHOG] Tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. In mammals, the oesophagus connects the buccal cavity with the stomach. The stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium lining the buccal cavity is continued through the pharynx down into the oesophagus. The lowest part of the oesophagus (ca. 2 cm) is lined with gastric mucosa and covered by peritoneum. The main body of the oesophagus is lined with small, simple mucous glands. Each gland opens into the lumen by a long duct which pierces the muscularis mucosae (Wilson and Washington, 1989). A sphincter is situated at the point where the oesophagus enters the stomach to prevent gastro-oesophageal reflux, i.e. to prevent acidic gastric contents from reaching stratified epithelia of the oesophagus, where they can cause inflammation and irritation (Wilson and Washington, 1989; Brown et al., 1993). UBERON:0001043 UMLS:C0014876 VHOG:0000450 XAO:0000127 ZFA:0000204 esophageal esophagus NOT part of gut in MA. part of gut in ZFA. part_of gut (via UGIT) in FMA. Consider splitting. Interspecies: The human oesophagus is 25 cm long and has a diameter of ca. 2 cm. Only little information was found on the oesophagus in rat, rabbit and pig. The oesophagus of rat (75 x 2 mm) and rabbit has no mucous glands and the cardia of the stomach has a well-developed sphincter, which prevents them from vomiting (Hebel and Stromberg, 1988; Manning et al., 1994). Morphologically the oesophagus is similar in man and pig; both are omnivores and have a non-keratinised epithelium, submucous glands and similar membrane enzymes. Like in humans, pigs can suffer from reflux oesophagitis and stress ulceration of the oesophagus. The pig oesophagus may therefore be a good model for investigation compared to the human oesophagus (Christie et al., 1995) galen:Esophagus gullet oesophagus uberon 在（成年七鳃鳗）咽部的少数结构特化包括在外部鳃开口上的复杂瓣膜，其引导潮汐流，以及将祖先咽部分成食管和呼吸咽部。[建立得很好][VHOG] 将咽部连接到胃部的管道。在哺乳动物中，食管连接颊腔和胃。衬在颊腔内的复层鳞状非角化上皮继续通过咽下行进入食管。食管的最底下部分（约2厘米）内衬胃粘膜并覆盖腹膜。食道主体内衬小而简单的粘液腺。每个腺体通过一条穿透粘膜肌层的长导管向腔内开放（Wilson和Washington，1989）。括约肌位于食管进入胃部的位置，以防止胃食管反流，即防止酸性胃内容物到达食管的复层上皮细胞，并在那里引起炎症和刺激（Wilson and Washington，1989; Brown et al。 1993）。 消化道的前端衬有平滑肌。由咽部的收缩向前界定。由与胃相关的圆形和/或纵向平滑肌向后界定和增加。[AAO] 食管 食管 食管不是MA中的肠的一部分。ZFA中的肠的一部分。FMA中的肠的一部分(通过UGIT)。考虑分裂。种间：人类食管长25厘米，直径约2厘米。在大鼠、兔和猪的食道中仅发现很少的信息。大鼠(75 × 2mm)和兔的食管没有粘液腺，胃的贲门有发育良好的括约肌，防止它们呕吐(Hebel and Stromberg, 1988; Manning et al., 1994).在形态学上，人和猪的食道是相似的；两者都是杂食的，并具有非角化上皮、粘膜下层腺体和相似的膜酶。像人类一样，猪也会患反流性食管炎和食道应激性溃疡。因此猪食管与人食管相比可能是用于研究的良好模型(Christie et al., 1995) 食道 subdivision of digestive tract 消化道分支 thoracic segment organ 胸段器官 digestive system element 消化系统元素 organ 器官