proximo-distal subdivision of respiratory tract 呼吸道的近端远端分支 larynx 喉 (In anura) a dorsal pair of arytenoid cartilages (...), which support vocal cords, and a ventral pair (often fused) of cricoid cartilage (...). These cartilages are regarded as derivatives of posterior visceral arches of ancestors. Together they constitute the larynx, a structure characteristic of tetrapods. (...) (In mammals) Paired arytenoid cartilages help support and control the vocal cords. The cricoid cartilage is single. Two additional cartilages are present that are lacking in other vertebrates: a large ventral thyroid cartilage (...) and a cartilage in the epiglottis.[well established][VHOG] A continuation of the pharynx that is involved in breathing, sound production, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. AAO:0000268 An anatomical cluster consisting of the epiglottus, the arytenoid cartilages, the thyroid cartilage, the cricoid cartilage and the muscles, membranes, and ligaments connecting them, and also of the mucosal covering these structures.[FEED] Anatomical structure consisting of a narrowly triangular chamber supported by a series of semicircular cartilages in which part of the sound-production system is located.[AAO] BTO:0001208 CALOHA:TS-0532 EFO:0000838 EHDAA2:0004063 EMAPA:18333 EV:0100039 FMA:55097 GAID:108 Kehlkopf@de MA:0000414 MAT:0000187 MESH:D007830 MIAA:0000187 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViOnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0001737 UMLS:C0023078 VHOG:0001279 XAO:0003081 galen:Larynx laryngeal uberon 喉部 涉及呼吸、发声和保护气管不受食物吸入影响的咽部延续。 由会厌、杓状软骨、甲状软骨、环状软骨和连接它们的肌肉、膜和韧带以及覆盖这些结构的粘膜组成的解剖簇。[FEED] 解剖结构包括由一系列半圆形软骨支撑的狭窄三角形腔室，发声系统的一部分位于该腔室中。[AAO] （无尾）支撑声带的杓状软骨背侧对（...）和环状软骨腹侧对（通常融合）。这些软骨被认为是祖先后内脏弓的衍生物。它们共同构成喉，这是四足动物的结构特征。(...)(在哺乳动物中)成对的杓状软骨帮助支撑和控制声带。环状软骨是单一的。其它脊椎动物缺乏另外两种软骨：大的腹侧甲状软骨（...）和会厌内的软骨。[well established][VHOG]