adrenal gland 肾上腺 AAO:0010551 All craniates have groups of cells homologous to the mammalian adrenocortical and chromaffin tissues, but they are scattered in and near the kidneys in fishes. (...) The cortical and chromaffin tissues come together to form adrenal glands in tetrapods.[well established][VHOG] Anatomical structure which is found on the surface of the kidney and secretes various hormones including epinephrine, norephinephrine, aldosterone, corticosterone, and cortisol.[AAO] BTO:0000047 CALOHA:TS-0016 EFO:0000238 EMAPA:18426 EV:0100135 Either of a pair of complex endocrine organs near the anterior medial border of the kidney consisting of a mesodermal cortex that produces glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgenic hormones and an ectodermal medulla that produces epinephrine and norepinephrine[BTO]. FMA:9604 GAID:446 MA:0000116 MAT:0000071 MESH:D000311 MIAA:0000071 OpenCyc:Mx4rvXYiz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The origin of the adrenal gland is still controversial. It is thought to share the same origin as the kidney and gonads, derived from coelomic epithelium of the urogenital ridge and/or the underlying mesenchyme (Keegan and Hammer, 2002; Morohashi, 1997). We follow Kardong and state homology at the level of the cortex and medulla rather than gland as a whole UBERON:0002369 UMLS:C0001625 VHOG:0001141 XAO:0000164 adrenal adrenal capsule adrenal medulla cell atrabiliary capsule epinephric gland epinephros galen:AdrenalGland glandula adrenalis glandula suprarenalis glandula suprarenalis interrenal gland suprarenal capsule suprarenal cortex manufactures corticosteroids; suprarenal medulla manufactures epinephrine and norepinephrine; suprarenal medulla receives preganglionic sympathetic innervation from the greater thoracic splanchnic n. suprarenal gland uberon 所有颅骨都有与哺乳动物肾上腺皮质和嗜铬细胞组织同源的细胞群，但它们散布在鱼类的肾内和肾附近。(...)皮质组织和嗜铬细胞组织在四足动物中汇合形成肾上腺。[well established][VHOG] 肾上腺 肾上腺 肾上腺(adrenal capsule) 肾上腺(adrenal) 肾上腺(epinephric gland) 肾上腺(interrenal gland) 肾上腺(suprarenal capsule) 肾上腺(suprarenal gland) 肾上腺的起源仍有争议。它被认为与肾和性腺具有相同的起源，来自泌尿生殖嵴的体腔上皮和/或下面的间质 (Keegan and Hammer, 2002; Morohashi, 1997).我们遵循Kardong，并在皮质和髓质水平上而不是在整个腺体水平上表述同源性。 肾上腺皮质制造皮质类固醇；肾上腺髓质制造肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素；肾上腺髓质接受大胸内脏神经交感支配。 肾上腺髓质细胞 肾脏前内侧边缘附近的一对复杂的内分泌器官，由产生糖皮质激素、盐皮质激素和雄性激素的中胚层皮层和产生肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素的外胚层髓质组成[BTO]。 肾脏表面的解剖结构，分泌各种激素，包括肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、醛固酮、皮质酮和皮质醇。[AAO] 腺体肾上腺 雷管囊 abdomen element 腹部元素 adrenal/interrenal gland 肾上腺/肾间腺 lateral structure 横向结构