DO_RAD_slim NCIthesaurus obstructive lung disease chronic obstructive pulmonary disease DOID:6144 NCI:C3199 EFO:0000341 disease_ontology DOID:11500 ICD10CM:J44.9 SNOMEDCT_US_2025_09_01:13645005 UMLS_CUI:C0024117 DOID:3083 MESH:D029424 MIM:606963 An obstructive lung disease that is a chronic and progressive disorder of small airways in the lungs and that is characterized by irreversible airflow obstruction, typically identified by reductions in quantitative spirometric indices, induced forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1) and the ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (less than 0.7 is diagnostic of COPD). Lung volume is increased and pulmonary hypertension may occur. The pathologic changes result in the disruption of the airflow in the bronchial airways. Signs and symptoms include shortness of breath, wheezing, productive cough and chest tightness. COPD is a consequence (an end result) of chronic bronchitis, emphysema or both. COLD COPD chronic obstructive airway disease chronic obstructive lung disease