Proteins Gene expression Transcription factors and regulatory sites CCAAT box CpG islands Transcription factors -10 signals Transcription factor proteins either promote (as an activator) or block (as a repressor) the binding to DNA of RNA polymerase. Regulatory sites including transcription factor binding site as well as promoters, enhancers, silencers and boundary elements / insulators. beta12orEarlier Isochores Transcription_factors_and_regulatory_sites This includes CpG rich regions (isochores) in a nucleotide sequence. Transcriptional regulatory sites Terminators CAAT signals Attenuators Proteins that bind to DNA and control transcription of DNA to mRNA (transcription factors) and also transcriptional regulatory sites, elements and regions (such as promoters, enhancers, silencers and boundary elements / insulators) in nucleotide sequences. Enhancers CAT box This includes promoters, CAAT signals, TATA signals, -35 signals, -10 signals, GC signals, primer binding sites for initiation of transcription or reverse transcription, enhancer, attenuator, terminators and ribosome binding sites. TATA signals Promoters GC signals -35 signals TFBS Transcription factor binding sites DNA binding sites