Focal cortical dysplasia type III Focal cortical dysplasia type IIIb 2018-09-16T11:18:31Z true true FCD Type III describes FCD that occurs in combination with hippocampal sclerosis (FCD Type IIIa), with glioneuronal tumors (FCD Type IIIb), adjacent to vascular malformations (FCD Type IIIc) or in association with lesions acquired in early life, such as a previous ischemic injury (FCD Type IIId). This type of focal cortical dysplasia is associated with glial or glioneuronal tumors (Ganglioglioma, Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor (DNT, syn. DNET) or other epilepsy-associated neoplasms. It is important to exclude tumor infiltration in areas of cortical abnormalities before establishing the diagnosis of FCD. The etiology and pathogenesis of FCD Type IIIb remains to be determined, but is likely an acquired process. A subtype of focal cortical dysplasia type III that is characterized by altered architectural (cortical dyslamination, hypoplasia without six-layered structure) and/or cytoarchitectural composition (hypertrophic neurons) of the neocortex, which occur adjacent to glial or glioneuronal tumor. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31085954 http://www.case.edu/EpSO.owl#FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIIIB peter FCD Type IIIB (Cortical Lamination Adjacent to a Glial or Glioneuronal Tumor)