cytomegalovirus infection fetal cytomegalovirus syndrome true GARD:0001480 mother-to-child transmission of cytomegalovirus syndrome antenatal cytomegalovirus infection GARD:0001409 SCTID:276701009 congenital Cytomegaloviral infection CMV is the commonest fetal viral infection. Fetal CNS infection after 20 weeks gestation can cause malformations of cortical development (including polymycrogyria and schizencephaly), and intracranial calcification in the developing brain. Direct perinatal CNS CMV infection can also occur, with clinical signs manifesting after an incubation period of 2-6 weeks. Overall, 90% of affected infants are asymptomatic at birth, resulting in challenges in early correct diagnosis of CMV neuroinfection. Some of these infants may only present with sensorineural hearing loss at a later date. However, 10% of infants may have early symptoms which may include microcephaly, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatitis, chorioretinitis, neurological impairment and sensorineural hearing impairment. Diagnosis is by detection of CMV DNA in CSF. CMV DNA may also be detected in in urine. Seizures may have onset in the first month of life, in the first year or rarely later. Treatment with gancyclovir may ameliorate the clinical course. ICD10:P35.1 Orphanet:294 MONDO:0017409 An infection with the Cytomegalovirus that is present from birth. antenatal CMV infection congenital cytomegalovirus UMLS:C0349499 CMV antenatal infection NCIT:C122427