hippocampal sclerosis true Hippocampal sclerosis is characterized pathologically by loss of pyramidal neurons, granule cell dispersion and gliosis in the hippocampus. It can be associated with changes in nearby structures, known as mesial temporal sclerosis.It a common cause of temporal lobe seizures that do not respond to medication. It is an acquired structural abnormality, and is known to occur as a consequence of seizures, especially prolonged febrile seizures. It can co-occur with other structural brain abnormalities, including malformations of cortical development and vascular malformations (e.g. Sturge Weber syndrome), known as 'dual pathology'. http://www.case.edu/EpSO.owl#MesialTemporalSclerosis structural etiology