develops from has synaptic IO in region receives synaptic input in region sends synaptic output to region receives synaptic input from neuron sends synaptic output to cell lamina lamina monopolar neuron lamina monopolar neuron L1 lamina monopolar neuron L2 lamina monopolar neuron L5 https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bae0/7069908/ef7abe34662d/359_2019_1375_Fig2_HTML.jpg monopolar laminar cell L5 A lamina monopolar neuron that hardly arborizes at all in the lamina, but forms a branched arborization in medulla layers M1 and M2 and a clump of terminals in M5. In the medulla, it forms strong reciprocal synaptic connections with monopolar lamina monopolar neuron L1 (Takemura et al., 2013). It also receives substantial input from L2 and C2 neurons and has many presynapses connecting to medullary intrinsic neurons Mi1 and Mi4, and to transmedullary neuron Tm3a (Takemura et al., 2013). It is a cholinergic neuron (Davis et al., 2020). There is usually one of these cells per optic column (Nern et al., 2025). Pre- versus postsynaptic innervation judged by scoring of terminal morphology from figures in Fischbach and Dittrich (1989) as assessed by FlyBrain Neuron DB. Connectivity in the medulla was extrapolated from serial EM of 7 columns from a single sample (Takemura et al., 2013). FBbt:00003725 L5 FlyBrain_NDB:10093 fly_anatomy.ontology VFB:FBbt_00003725 L5 centrifugal neuron C2 medulla layer M1 medulla layer M2 medulla layer M5 medulla intrinsic neuron Mi1 medulla intrinsic neuron Mi4 transmedullary neuron Tm3 immature lamina monopolar neuron L5 adult cholinergic neuron