overlaps adult crop adult midgut adult aorta adult corpus allatum adult corpus cardiacum adult median bundle insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis hypocerebral ganglion superior lateral protocerebrum adult tritocerebrum adult neurosecretory cell of pars intercerebralis adult gut-innervating neuron adult peptidergic neuron adult ring gland projection neuron adult insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis 2012-03-02T12:32:50Z VFB:FBbt_00110107 adult dorsomedial neurosecretory cell fly_anatomy.ontology IPC cell Insulin-producing cells are found amongst the median neurosecretory cells, but not all mNSCs are IPCs (FBrf0212696), despite misleading phrasing in some articles (e.g. FBrf0184236). FBbt:00110107 Insulin-producing neurosecretory cell of the adult pars intercerebralis that innervates the corpus cardiacum and corpus allatum, and branches before exiting the brain. It extends thin branches laterally in the dorsal protocerebrum, shorter branches along the cell neurites in the dorsal part of the median bundle and has extensive arborizations in the tritocerebrum (Enell et al., 2010). A single axon extends ventrally, branching just before exiting the brain, emerging as two branches that follow the aorta and innervate the corpus cardiacum in the ring gland and the hypocerebral ganglion, near the cardiac valve of the midgut. One of the branches follows the stalk of the crop, whilst the other bifurcates, with each of these branches extending along each side of the midgut (Cao and Brown, 2001). There are approximately 7-9 of these cells from each hemisphere with their cell bodies clustering in the pars intercerebralis at late pupal stages (Cao and Brown, 2001, Broughton et al., 2005, Cao et al., 2014; McKim et al., 2024). These cells co-express Ilp2, Ilp3 and Ilp5 mRNA (Broughton et al., 2005). adult m-NSC DILP adult insulin producing cell of brain