has soma location capable of part of receives synaptic input in region sends synaptic output to region synapses restricted to region cell body rind of ventral midline of adult gnathal ganglion adult gnathal ganglion adult dopaminergic neuron of gnathal ganglion unpaired neuron adult subesophageal zone intrinsic neuron adult dopaminergic VUM neuron of the gnathal ganglion 2012-05-04T10:02:24Z VUM neuron of the dopaminergic GNG cluster TH-VUM tyrosine hydroxylase ventral unpaired median neuron fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00110128 SOG dopaminergic neuron adult subesophageal ventral unpaired median dopaminergic neuron VFB:FBbt_00110128 dopaminergic VUM neuron The nature of the neurotransmitter was assessed by labelling cells with a tyrosine hydroxylase GAL4 driver (TH-GAL4 - FBtp0020119) and by using an antibody against tyrosine hydroxylase. Presynaptic terminals were labeled with synaptobrevin-GFP. Specific activation of the VUM neuron with UAS-TRPA1 (FBtp0040248) triggers proboscis extension. The tonic firing rate of the VUM neuron is low in conditions when the probability of proboscis extension is low (satiety) and increases in conditions when the probability of extension is high (hunger) (Marella et al., 2012). Unpaired adult dopaminergic intrinsic gnathal ganglion neuron whose cell body is located ventromedially in the gnathal ganglion (Marella et al., 2012; Sterne et al., 2021). It arborizes extensively in the ventroanterior area of the gnathal ganglion with presynaptic and postsynaptic terminals (Marella et al., 2012; Sterne et al., 2021). It is involved in modulating the proboscis extension response (PER) with its activity being sufficient to trigger PER (Marella et al., 2012). adult dopaminergic SB VUM neuron proboscis extension reflex