has characteristic fasciculates with receives synaptic input in region sends synaptic output to region adult protocerebrum adult gnathal ganglion anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum posterior slope descending neuron of the gnathal ganglion dorsal lateral tract of ventral cervical fasciculus adult subesophageal zone output neuron adult mandibular octopaminergic VM neuron adult octopaminergic subesophageal VPM neuron octopaminergic VPM2 neuron 2012-10-08T04:42:58Z FBbt:00110150 DNxn072 fly_anatomy.ontology VFB:FBbt_00110150 OA-VPM2 OA-VPM2 descending neuron of the gnathal ganglion DNg104 The neurotransmitter was assessed by immunostaining with an anti-octopamine (OA) antibody in cells labelled with tdc2-GAL4 (FBti0101786) and NP7088-GAL4 (FBti0037217) (Busch et al., 2009) or only using the tdc2-GAL4 (FBti0101786) (Busch and Tanimoto, 2010). Certel et al. (2010) describes a OA-VPM2 neuron, although it resembles the VMP1 subtype, and not the VPM2 described by Busch et al. (2009). Pre- or post-synapse locations are those with the highest total count of these neurons in FlyWire FAFB. ventral paired median octopaminergic neuron 2 Octopaminergic descending neuron whose cell body is located slightly lateral to the subesophageal ganglion midline, in the mandibular segment (Busch et al., 2009; Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its main neurite projects to the area surrounding the ventral esophagus foramen where it crosses the midline and bifurcates at the ventral part of the contralateral ventrolateral protocerebrum (Busch et al., 2009). These processes innervate the contralateral ventrolateral, ventromedial, anterior inferior medial protocerebra and the subesophageal ganglion (Busch et al., 2009). There is also some innervation in the ipsilateral subesophageal ganglion (Busch et al., 2009). In the VNC, it follows the dorsal lateral tract of ventral cervical fasciculus (Sturner et al., 2025). There are 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Sturner et al., 2025). bilateral