has synaptic IO in region adult ventral nerve cord adult protocerebrum descending neuron of the gnathal ganglion adult labial octopaminergic VM neuron adult octopaminergic subesophageal VUM neuron octopaminergic VUMd neuron 2012-10-08T04:42:58Z The neurotransmitter was assessed by immunostaining with an anti-octopamine (OA) antibody in cells labelled with tdc2-GAL4 (FBti0101786) and NP7088-GAL4 (FBti0037217) (Busch et al., 2009) or only using the tdc2-GAL4 (FBti0101786) (Busch and Tanimoto, 2010). OA-VUMd Octopaminergic neuron of the VUM cluster, whose cell body is located more posteriorly than those of OA-VUMa neurons, in the labial segment. Its primary neurite projects dorsally through the median tracts. In the area ventral to the esophagus foramen, the neurite branches and forms a pair of secondary neurites that descend through the cervical connective and innervate the ventral nerve cord. Similarly to OA-VUM neurons, VUMd neurons form spiny dendritic arborizations in the posterior slope and project to distinct brain regions, forming varicose nerve terminals (Busch et al., 2009, Busch and Tanimoto, 2010). FBbt:00110160 VFB:FBbt_00110160 OA-VUMd fly_anatomy.ontology ventral unpaired median octopaminergic neuron