has characteristic has soma location fasciculates with has synaptic IO in region adult gnathal ganglion fruitless expressing neuron ventromedial neuropils adult T1 leg neuropil adult T2 leg neuropil adult T3 leg neuropil descending neuron of the gnathal ganglion ventral lateral tract of ventral cervical fasciculus descending neuron of the gnathal ganglion DNg34 2018-09-20T12:00:00Z Namiki et al. (2018), identified this as being morphologically similar to the octopaminergic VPM1 neuron (FBbt:00110149), described by Busch et al. (2009) (FBrf0207458) and the fruitless aDT8 neuron (FBbt:00110543), described by Yu et al. (2010) (FBrf0211884) - confirmed by Sturner et al. (2025) - FlyBase:FBrf0262850. fly_anatomy.ontology OA-VPM1 FBbt:00047626 VFB:FBbt_00047626 fru-mcAL neuron DNg34 octopaminergic VPM1 neuron adult fruitless aDT8 neuron Adult fruitless-expressing octopaminergic descending neuron of the DNg group, having a cell body near the midline of the anterior gnathal ganglion (Yu et al., 2010; Certel et al., 2010; Namiki et al., 2018), in the mandibular segment (Busch and Tanimoto, 2010). It forms bilaterally symmetric arbors in the ventromedial neuropils and the subesophageal zone (Busch et al., 2009; Namiki et al., 2018). It descends on the ipsilateral side of the cervical connective and fasciculates with the ventral lateral tract of the ventral cervical fascicle (Namiki et al., 2018). In the VNC, it innervates the T1, T2 and T3 leg neuropils and the abdominal neuromere, ipsilaterally (Busch et al., 2009; Namiki et al., 2018). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Namiki et al., 2018). It is glutamatergic as well as octopaminergic (Cheong et al., 2024). ventral paired median octopaminergic neuron 1 fru-aDT8 DNxl010 DNg34 adult octopaminergic and glutamatergic neuron adult mandibular octopaminergic VM neuron adult octopaminergic subesophageal VPM neuron adult abdominal neuromere adult anterior brain cell body rind bilateral