capable of part of has synaptic IO in region receives synaptic input in region sends synaptic output to region lobula plate layer 4 lobula plate giant neuron adult protocerebrum vertical system neuron VFB:FBbt_00007516 fly_anatomy.ontology VS FBbt:00007516 VS Giant neuron of the lobula plate with a dendritic arbor that extends along the dorsal-ventral axis of the lobula plate and an axon terminal projecting to the protocerebral region (Scott et al., 2002). It receives synaptic input both in lobula plate layer 4 (Mauss et al., 2015), and in the protocerebrum. It has its synaptic output in the latter (Raghu et al., 2007). They innervate both the superior and inferior, posterior slope (Boergens et al., 2018). Cells of this class are involved in the optomotor response (Joesch et al., 2008) and exhibit directionally selective responses during the presentation of vertically moving periodic gratings. Each VS cell possesses its distinct receptive field (Joesch et al., 2008). VS neuron FlyBrain_NDB:10041 DISAMBIGUATION - Not to be confused with the vertical fiber system neurons of the central complex (FBbt:00003634). The postsynaptic terminals in the protocerebral region were identified by the presence of a subunit of the GABA receptor (Rdl) in vertical system cells labelled with P{UAS-Rdl.HA} (FBtp0021350) driven by the P{GAL4}3A driver (FBti0131277) (Raghu et al., 2007). The postsynaptic terminals in the lobula plate were identified by the presence of a cholinergic receptor subunit (gfA or Dalpha7) in vertical system cells labelled with P{UAS-gfA.GFP} (FBtp0040548) and P{GAL4}DB331 (FBti0115113). In addition, labelling was confirmed with an antibody against the cholinergic receptor subunit Dalpha7 (Raghu et al., 2009). Due to their morphology and functional similarity, this cell is judged to be homologous to the vertical system cell in larger flies (Heisenberg et al., 1978; Rajashekhar and Shamprasad, 2004; Scott et al., 2002). superior posterior slope inferior posterior slope adult visual projection neuron optomotor response