Western Asia Turkmenistan A country in Central Asia. It is bordered by Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the southwest, Uzbekistan to the northeast, Kazakhstan to the northwest, and the Caspian Sea to the west. It was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic. Turkmenistan is divided into five provinces or welayatlar (singular - welayat) and one independent city. LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: TM Country Turkmenistan A country in Central Asia. It is bordered by Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the southwest, Uzbekistan to the northeast, Kazakhstan to the northwest, and the Caspian Sea to the west. It was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic. Turkmenistan is divided into five provinces or welayatlar (singular - welayat) and one independent city. LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: TM