anterior to has developmental contribution from has developmental contribution from extends_fibers_into Homo sapiens brain nerve spinal nerve cranial nerve http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en-2.svg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en.svg cranial nerves Wikipedia:Cranial_nerve EHDAA2:0000323 XAO:0000429 BIRNLEX:1623 BAMS:cran nervus cranialis MBA:967 MESH:D003391 neuronames:1227 We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0000108 UBERON:0001785 UMLS:C1269897 classified as neural tree organ, not nerve in FMA. CN II poses a challenge here as it is not strictly a nerve, yet is expected to be classified under CN. FMA:5865 BTO:0001104 NCIT:C12700 Twelve pairs of cranial nerves exit/enter the cranium through openings in the skull. The nerves contain efferent axons with motor and glandular functions, as well as afferent axons from cranial ganglia with sensory functions. The nerves are numbered in a rostral to caudal sequence, with the exception of the lateral line nerves.[TAO] cranial neural tree organ TAO:0000641 ZFA:0000641 VHOG:0000279 SCTID:244447006 UMLS:C0010268 GAID:802 MA:0000215 Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain, in contrast to spinal nerves, which emerge from segments of the spinal cord. See https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/6 EMAPA:17264 XAO:0003089 cranial neural crest nerve of head region cranial neuron projection bundle