PathwayStep1367 PathwayStep1368 PathwayStep1365 PathwayStep1366 PathwayStep1369 PathwayStep1371 PathwayStep1370 PathwayStep1375 PathwayStep1374 PathwayStep1373 PathwayStep1372 PathwayStep1356 PathwayStep1357 PathwayStep1358 PathwayStep1359 PathwayStep1360 PathwayStep1362 PathwayStep1361 PathwayStep1364 PathwayStep1363 PathwayStep1389 PathwayStep1387 PathwayStep1388 PathwayStep1396 PathwayStep1395 PathwayStep1394 PathwayStep1393 PathwayStep1392 PathwayStep1391 PathwayStep1390 PathwayStep1376 PathwayStep1377 PathwayStep1378 PathwayStep1379 PathwayStep1384 PathwayStep1383 PathwayStep1386 PathwayStep1385 PathwayStep1380 PathwayStep1382 PathwayStep1381 Expression of Farnesyldiphosphate Farnesyltransferase (FDFT1, Squalene Synthase) Expression of Hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase (HMGCS1) Expression of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A Reductase (HMGCR) Expression of ALAS1 PathwayStep106 Expression of G0S2 Expression of FHL2 Expression of GRHL1 Expression of GLIPR1 Expression of CYP1A1 Expression of CYP4A11 Expression of CYP7A1 Expression of FABP1 Expression of FADS1 Expression of FATP1 (SLC27A1) Expression of CPT1A Expression of CD36 (platelet glycoprotein IV, FAT) Expression of APOA5 Expression of APOA2 Expression of CPT2 Expression of ACSL1 Expression of ANKRD1 Expression of APOA1 Expression of AGT Expression of ANGPTL4 Expression of TRIB3 Expression of TXNRD1 Expression of UGT1A9 Expression of TNFRSF21 Expression of TIAM2 Expression of SULT2A1 Expression of PPARA Expression of RGL1 Expression of PEX11A Expression of PLIN2 Expression of ME1 Expression of NPAS2 Expression of HMGCS2 PPARA Activates Gene Expression Authored: May, B, 2011-11-08 Edited: May, B, 2011-11-08 Pubmed10529898 Pubmed11330046 Pubmed14999402 Pubmed18288277 Pubmed20936127 Reactome Database ID Release 431989781 Reactome, http://www.reactome.org ReactomeREACT_116145 Reviewed: Kersten, S, 2009-06-08 The set of genes regulated by PPAR-alpha is not fully known in humans, however many examples have been found in mice. Genes directly activated by PPAR-alpha contain peroxisome proliferator receptor elements (PPREs) in their promoters and include: <br>1) genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis (Acox1, Cyp4a, Acadm, Hmgcs2);<br>2) genes involved in fatty acid transport (Cd36, , Slc27a1, Fabp1, Cpt1a, Cpt2);<br>3) genes involved in producing fatty acids and very low density lipoproteins (Me1, Scd1);<br>4) genes encoding apolipoproteins (Apoa1, Apoa2, Apoa5);<br>5) genes involved in triglyceride clearance ( Angptl4);<br>6) genes involved in glycerol metabolism (Gpd1 in mouse);<br>7) genes involved in glucose metabolism (Pdk4);<br>8) genes involved in peroxisome proliferation (Pex11a);<br>9) genes involved in lipid storage (Plin, Adfp).<br>Many other genes are known to be regulated by PPAR-alpha but whether their regulation is direct or indirect remains to be found. These genes include: ACACA, FAS, SREBP1, FADS1, DGAT1, ABCA1, PLTP, ABCB4, UGT2B4, SULT2A1, Pnpla2, Acsl1, Slc27a4, many Acot genes, and others (reviewed in Rakhshandehroo et al. 2010). Expression of ACADM Expression of ACOX1 Expression of ABCA1 Expression of ABCB4 Expression of CTGF