PathwayStep939 PathwayStep948 PathwayStep949 PathwayStep945 PathwayStep944 PathwayStep947 PathwayStep946 PathwayStep941 PathwayStep940 PathwayStep943 PathwayStep942 Glycolysis Authored: Schmidt, EE, 2003-01-28 00:00:00 GENE ONTOLOGYGO:0006096 Pubmed16051738 Reactome Database ID Release 4370171 Reactome, http://www.reactome.org ReactomeREACT_1383 The reactions of glycolysis (e.g., van Wijk and van Solinge 2005) convert glucose 6-phosphate to pyruvate. The entire process is cytosolic. Glucose 6-phosphate is reversibly isomerized to form fructose 6-phosphate. Phosphofructokinase 1 catalyzes the physiologically irreversible phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate to form fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. In six reversible reactions, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is converted to two molecules of phosphoenolpyruvate and two molecules of NAD+ are reduced to NADH + H+. Each molecule of phosphoenolpyruvate reacts with ADP to form ATP and pyruvate in a physiologically irreversible reaction. Under aerobic conditions the NADH +H+ can be reoxidized to NAD+ via electron transport to yield additional ATP, while under anaerobic conditions or in cells lacking mitochondria NAD+ can be regenerated via the reduction of pyruvate to lactate. phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP => pyruvate + ATP 2-Phospho-D-glycerate <=> Phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O Dephosphorylation of phosphoPFKFB1 by PP2A complex alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate <=> D-fructose 6-phosphate 3-Phospho-D-glycerate <=> 2-Phospho-D-glycerate 1,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate + ADP <=> 3-phospho-D-glycerate + ADP D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + orthophosphate + NAD+ <=> 1,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate + NADH + H+ dihydroxyacetone phosphate <=> D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate <=> dihydroxyacetone phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate D-fructose 6-phosphate + ATP => D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + ADP D-fructose 6-phosphate + ATP => D-fructose 2,6-bisphosphate + ADP