PathwayStep890 PathwayStep891 PathwayStep894 PathwayStep895 PathwayStep892 PathwayStep893 PathwayStep896 PathwayStep897 PathwayStep880 PathwayStep881 PathwayStep882 PathwayStep883 PathwayStep884 PathwayStep885 PathwayStep886 PathwayStep887 PathwayStep888 PathwayStep889 PathwayStep872 PathwayStep873 PathwayStep870 PathwayStep871 PathwayStep878 PathwayStep879 PathwayStep876 PathwayStep877 PathwayStep874 PathwayStep875 PathwayStep867 PathwayStep868 PathwayStep869 PathwayStep863 PathwayStep864 PathwayStep866 Amino acid transport across the plasma membrane Amino acid transport across plasma membranes is critical to the uptake of these molecules from the gut, to their reabsortion in the kidney proximal tubulues, and to their distribution to cells in which they are required for the synthesis of proteins and of amino acid derived small molecules such as neurotransmitters. Physiological studies have defined 18 "systems" that mediate amino acid transport, each characterized by its amino acid substrates, as well as its pH sensitivity and its association (or not) with ion transport. More recently, molecular cloning studies have allowed the identification of the plasma membrane transport proteins that mediate these reactions. Amino acid uptake mediated by 17 of these transporters is annotated here (Broer 2008). Authored: D'Eustachio, P, 2008-06-02 20:10:30 Edited: D'Eustachio, P, 2008-06-02 20:10:30 GENE ONTOLOGYGO:0006865 Pubmed18195088 Reactome Database ID Release 43352230 Reactome, http://www.reactome.org ReactomeREACT_13796 Reviewed: Jassal, B, 2008-06-03 13:06:01 SLC1A5-mediated exchange of glutamine and alanine across the plasma membrane SLC6A14-mediated uptake of basic and neutral amino acids and of beta-alanine SLC1A4-mediated exchange of extracellular threonine for cytosolic alanine, serine, or cysteine SLC1A5-mediated exchange of alanine and glutamine across the plasma membrane SLC6A19-mediated uptake of neutral amino acids SLC7A2, isoform A (CAT-2A)-mediated uptake of cationic amino acids SLC7A1 (CAT-1)-mediated uptake of cationic amino acids SLC7A11-mediated exchange of extracellular cysteine and cytosolic glutamate SLC7A10-mediated uptake of small neutral amino acids SLC7A3 (CAT-3)-mediated uptake of cationic amino acids SLC7A2, isoform B (CAT-2B)-mediated uptake of cationic amino acids SLC43A2 (LAT4)-mediated uptake of large neutral amino acids SLC6A12 (BGT-1)-mediated uptake of GABA and betaine SLC6A15-mediated amino acid uptake SLC6A18-mediated glycine uptake SLC6A20-mediated uptake of proline SLC6A6-mediated uptake of taurine and beta-alanine SLC7A5-mediated uptake of neutral amino acids SLC1A4-mediated exchange of extracellular alanine for cytosolic serine, threonine, or cysteine SLC7A8-mediated uptake of neutral amino acids SLC1A4-mediated exchange of extracellular serine for cytosolic alanine, threonine, or cysteine SLC1A4-mediated exchange of extracellular cysteine for cytosolic alanine, serine, or threonine SLC38A2 (ATA2)-mediated uptake of neutral amino acids SLC16A10-mediated uptake of aromatic amino acids SLC38A1 (ATA1)-mediated uptake of neutral amino acids SLC36A1-mediated uptake of glycine, proline, and alanine SLC36A2-mediated uptake of glycine and proline SLC43A1 (LAT3)-mediated uptake of large neutral amino acids SLC38A5-mediated uptake of glutamine, histidine, asparagine, and serine SLC38A4 (ATA3)-mediated uptake of arginine and lysine SLC38A3-mediated uptake of glutamine, histidine, asparagine, and alanine SLC7A7 (y+LAT1)-mediated exchange of extracellular leucine for cytosolic arginine SLC7A6 (y+LAT2)-mediated exchange of extracellular leucine for cytosolic arginine SLC7A9-mediated exchange of extracellular arginine, lysine, or cystine for cytosolic leucine