Viral mRNA Translation Authored: Bortz, E, Garcia-Sastre, A, 2007-02-12 19:39:05 Pubmed10359774 Pubmed11726970 Pubmed11773396 Pubmed12239318 Pubmed14645908 Pubmed1577765 Pubmed16630668 Pubmed17166899 Pubmed3023655 Pubmed7499349 Reactome Database ID Release 43192823 Reactome, http://www.reactome.org ReactomeREACT_9491 Reviewed: Squires, B, 2007-02-12 19:39:22 Spliced and unspliced viral mRNA in the cytoplasm are translated by host cell ribosomal translation machinery (reviewed in Kash, 2006). At least ten viral proteins are synthesized: HA, NA, PB1, PB2, PA, NP, NS1, NEP/NS2, M1, and M2. Viral mRNA translation is believed to be enhanced by conserved 5'UTR sequences that interact with the ribosomal machinery and at least one cellular RNA-binding protein, G-rich sequence factor 1 (GRSF-1), has been found to specifically interact with the viral 5' UTRs. (Park, 1995; Park, 1999). The viral NS1 protein and the cellular protein P58(IPK) enhance viral translation indirectly by preventing the activation of the translational inhibitor PKR (Salvatore, 2002; Goodman, 2006). The viral NS1 protein has also been proposed to specifically enhance translation through interaction with host poly(A)-binding protein 1 (PABP1) (Burgui, 2003). Simultaneously, host cell protein synthesis is downregulated in influenza virus infection through still uncharacterized mechanisms (Katze, 1986; Garfinkel, 1992; Kash, 2006). In most human influenza A strains (such as PR8), the PB1 mRNA segment is capable of producing a second protein, PB1-F2, from a short +1 open reading frame initiating downstream of the PB1 ORF initiation codon (Chen, 2001). PathwayStep3710 PathwayStep3709 Synthesis of PB1-F2 Viral Protein Synthesis