vRNA Synthesis Viral mRNA Translation cRNA Synthesis vRNP Assembly Viral Messenger RNA Synthesis Influenza Viral RNA Transcription and Replication Authored: Bortz, E, Garcia-Sastre, A, 2007-02-12 19:39:05 GENE ONTOLOGYGO:0019083 In the host cell nucleus, the viral negative-strand RNA (vRNA) serves as a template for the synthesis both of capped, polyadenylated viral messenger RNA and of full-length positive-strand RNA or complementary RNA (cRNA). The cRNA is associated with the same viral proteins as the vRNA. It serves as a template for the synthesis of new vRNA molecules, which in turn serve as a template for mRNA particularly early in infection, and cRNA. Viral RNA polymerase subunits (PB1, PB2, and PA) and nucleoprotein (NP) enter the host cell nucleus and catalyze all three of these reactions. During initial infection, these proteins enter the nucleus as part of the viral RNP complex. After the first round of viral mRNA synthesis (primary transcription) and translation, newly synthesized viral polymerase proteins and NP localize to the nucleus to catalyze further mRNA transcription and vRNA/cRNA replication. Late in the infection process, the synthesis of vRNA and nuclear export of newly synthesized vRNP (vRNA complexed with NP and viral polymerase) is increased relative to transcription (Krug, 1981; Braam, 1983; Kawakami, 1983; Huang, 1990; Cros, 2003; Fodor, 2004; Deng, 2005; Amorim, 2006; reviewed in Neumann, 2004; Engelhardt, 2006; Buolo, 2006). Pubmed12921991 Pubmed15298169 Pubmed15308710 Pubmed15956611 Pubmed16806605 Pubmed16933365 Pubmed17081640 Pubmed2214032 Pubmed6269803 Pubmed6616622 Pubmed6863242 Reactome Database ID Release 43168273 Reactome, http://www.reactome.org ReactomeREACT_6152 Reviewed: Squires, B, 2007-02-12 19:39:22 PathwayStep3694 PathwayStep3711 PathwayStep3702 PathwayStep3705 PathwayStep3708