PathwayStep2808 CaM pathway Authored: Le Novere, N, Jassal, B, 2004-03-31 12:22:05 Calmodulin (CaM) is a small acidic protein that contains four EF-hand motifs, each of which can bind a calcium ion, therefore it can bind up to four calcium ions. The protein has two approximately symmetrical domains, separated by a flexible hinge region. Calmodulin is the prototypical example of the E–F-hand family of Ca2+-sensing proteins. Changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration regulate calmodulin in three distinct ways. First, by directing its subcellular distribution. Second, by promoting association with different target proteins. Third, by directing a variety of conformational states in calmodulin that result in target-specific activation. Calmodulin binds and activates several effector protein (e.g. the CaM-dependent adenylyl cyclases, phosphodiesterases, protein kinases and the protein phosphatase calcineurin). Edited: Jassal, B, 2008-11-06 10:17:49 Pubmed10884684 Reactome Database ID Release 43111997 Reactome, http://www.reactome.org ReactomeREACT_9053 Reviewed: Castagnoli, L, 2008-11-06 12:55:54 Calmodulin induced events Calcium binds calmodulin PathwayStep3839