Pellino binds hp-IRAK1:TRAF6 upon TLR7/8 or 9 activation IRAK1 phosphorylates Pellino upon TLR7/8 or 9 activation Pellino ubiquitinates hp-IRAK1 upon TLR7/8 or 9 activation<br> NEMO subunit of IKK complex binds to activated IRAK1 upon stimulation of TLR7/8 or 9. PathwayStep6749 PathwayStep6748 PathwayStep6747 PathwayStep6746 IRAK1 recruits IKK complex upon TLR7/8 or 9 stimulation Authored: Shamovsky, V, 2010-06-01 Edited: Shamovsky, V, 2010-11-15 Pubmed12856330 Pubmed14625308 Pubmed14661019 Pubmed15695821 Pubmed15767370 Pubmed16477006 Pubmed18276832 Pubmed18347055 Reactome Database ID Release 43975144 Reactome, http://www.reactome.org ReactomeREACT_25354 Reviewed: Gillespie, ME, 2010-10-29 The role of IRAK1 kinase activity in the activation of NF-kappa-B by IL-1/TLR is still uncertain. It has been shown that a kinase-dead IRAK1 mutants can still activate NF-kappa-B. Furthermore, stimulation of IRAK1-deficient I1A 293 cells with LMP1 (latent membrane protein 1- a known viral activator of NF-kappa-B) leads to TRAF6 polyubiquitination and IKKbeta activation [Song et al 2006]. On the other hand, IRAK1 enhances p65 Ser536 phosphorylation [Song et al 2006] and p65 binding to the promoter of NF-kappa-B dependent target genes [Liu G et al 2008].<p> IRAK1 has also been shown to be itself Lys63-polyubiquitinated (probably by Pellino proteins, which have E3 ligase activity). Mutation of the ubiquitination sites on IRAK1 prevented interaction with the NEMO subunit of IKK complex and subsequent IL-1/TLR-induced NF-kappa-B activation [Conze et al 2008]. These data suggest that kinase activity of IRAK1 is not essential for its ability to activate NF-kappa-B, while its Lys63-polyubuquitination allows IRAK1 to bind NEMO thus facilitating association of TRAF6 and TAK1 complex with IKK complex followed by induction of NF-kappa-B. </p><p>Upon IL-1/TLR stimulation IRAK1 protein can undergo covalent modifications including phosphorylation [Kollewe et al 2004], ubiquitination [Conze DB et al 2008] and sumoylation [Huang et al 2004]. Depending upon the nature of its modification, IRAK1 may perform distinct functions including activation of IRF5/7 [Uematsu et al 2005, Schoenemeyer et al 2005], NF-kappa-B [Song et al 2006], and Stat1/3 [Huang et al 2004, Nguyen et al 2003].