CRY:PER:Kinase p-CRY:p-PER:Kinase Phosphorylation of CRY and PER Proteins Authored: May, B, 2009-05-17 22:04:50 EC Number: 2.7.11 Edited: May, B, 2009-06-02 00:51:49 In the cytosol the kinases CSNK1D (casein kinase I delta) and CSNK1E (casein kinase I epsilon) phosphorylate PER1, PER2, CRY1, and CRY2 at multiple sites. Evidence indicates that PER:CRY complexes form a stable ternary complex with either CSNK1E or CSNK1D. Both kinases are able to bind and phosphorylate PER proteins. CSNK1E has been shown to phosphorylate CRY proteins only when they are complexed with PER proteins.<br>PER proteins contain a nuclear localization sequence and a nuclear export sequence allowing their movement into and out of the nucleus. Phosphorylation is required for transit of PER:CRY:kinase complexes into the nucleus and for interaction of PER proteins with the ubiquitin-mediated degradation process in the cytoplasm.<br>A mutation at Serine662 of PER2 is responsible for familial advanced phase sleep syndrome, however the particular kinase responsible for phosphorylating Serine662 is unknown. Pubmed10790862 Pubmed11165242 Pubmed11232563 Pubmed14750904 Pubmed15800623 Pubmed15917222 Pubmed17218255 Pubmed19805222 Reactome Database ID Release 43400382 Reactome, http://www.reactome.org ReactomeREACT_25125 Reviewed: Albrecht, U, 2010-06-23 Reviewed: D'Eustachio, P, 2009-05-26 22:13:22 Reviewed: Delaunay, F, 2010-06-23 Reviewed: Hirota, T, 2010-06-23 Reviewed: Kay, SA, 2010-06-23