Bohr Effect Authored: May, B, 2011-03-30 Edited: May, B, 2011-03-30 Protonation and Carbamation of Hemoglobin A Causes Release of Oxygen Pubmed10529219 Pubmed1395 Pubmed14958 Pubmed16992238 Pubmed16994616 Pubmed17990881 Pubmed20162361 Pubmed20230836 Pubmed21041929 Pubmed3136125 Pubmed4514311 Pubmed4647257 Pubmed4975618 Pubmed5656372 Pubmed8300612 Reactome Database ID Release 431237325 Reactome, http://www.reactome.org ReactomeREACT_121267 Reviewed: Jassal, B, 2012-04-27 The Bohr effect refers to the observation that carbon dioxide (CO2) decreases the affinity of hemoglobin (HbA) for oxygen (O2) (Rossi-Bernardi & Roughton 1967, Kwant et al. 1988, Dash & Bassingthwaighte 2010). The Bohr effect has two components: protonation of histidines in HbA (Chatake et al. 2007, Kovalevsky et al. 2010, Fang et al. 1999) and chemical reaction (carbamation) of the N-terminal valines of HbA by CO2 (Ferguson & Roughton 1934, Forster et al. 1968, Bauer & Schroder 1972, Morrow et al. 1973, Morrow et al. 1976, Mathew et al. 1977, Acharya et al. 1994). The protons (H+) for this reaction are produced by carbonic anhydrase acting on water and CO2 to produce bicarbonate (HCO3-) and H+ (Kernohan & Roughton 1968). Protonated Carbamino DeoxyHbA OxyHbA