has characteristic deterministic system behaviour implicit method type multistep method backward differentiation formula 2011-05-10 http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim http://identifiers.org/isbn/0136266061 AZ BDF ByoDyn GSL Gear method Gear's method The backward differentiation formulas (BDF) are implicit multistep methods based on the numerical differentiation of a given function and are wildly used for integration of stiff differential equations. Adams method ordinary differential equation problem linearity of equation