has characteristic uses is generalization of ordinary differential equation problem Bulirsch-Stoer algorithm Richardson extrapolation based method Bader-Deuflhard method 2011-07-01 http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/BF01418331 AZ GSL The Bader-Deuflhard method is an extrapolation method based on a semi-implicit discretization [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000387]. It is a generalization of the Bulirsch-Stoer algorithm [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000379] for solving ordinary differential equations. semi-implicit midpoint rule