schizophrenia catatonic schizophrenia F20.2x 295.20 esquizofrenia tipo catatónico At the DSM-5, the DSM-IV subtypes of schizophrenia (i.e., paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, and residual types) are eliminated due to their limited diagnostic stability, low reliability, and poor validity. These subtypes also have not been shown to exhibit distinctive patterns of treatment response or longitudinal course. (Highlights of Changes from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5, American Psychiatric Publishing) The prime characteristic of this form of schizophrenia is a marked disturbance in motor activity, either extreme excitement or motoric immobility. Diagnostic criteria include two or more of the following symptoms: - Motoric immobility or stupor - Excessive, purposeless motor activity - Extreme negativism (resisting direction) or physical resistance - Peculiar voluntary posturing or movements - Echolalia (repetition of others people’s speech) or echopraxia (repetition of others people’s movements). During periods of extreme withdrawal, people with this form of schizophrenia may not eat or control their bladder or bowel functions. Alternating periods of excited motor activity and withdrawal may occur in this disorder. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue.