respiratory system disorder perinatal asphyxia https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/5857/asphyxia-neonatorum https://www.malacards.org/card/asphyxia_neonatorum https://www.malacards.org/card/neonatal_hypoxic_and_ischemic_brain_injury hypoxia neonatorum NCIT:C116313 Pathophysiology: There are three stages to brain injury in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. First, there is an immediate primary neuronal injury that occurs due to interruption of oxygen and glucose to the brain. This decreases ATP and results in failure of the ATP-dependent NaK pump. Sodium enters the cell followed by water, causing cell swelling, widespread depolarization, and cell death. Cell death and lysis cause release of glutamate, an excitatory amino acid, which causes an increase in intracellular calcium and further cell death. Following the immediate injury is a latent period of about six hours, during which reperfusion occurs, and some cells recover. Late secondary neuronal injury occurs over the next 24-48 hours as reperfusion results in blood flow to and from damaged areas, spreading toxic neurotransmitters and widening the area of brain affected.[NBK430782] icd11.foundation:1281282034 foetal asphyxia SCTID:28314004 hypoxic and ischaemic brain injury in the newborn UMLS:C0004045 MEDGEN:2469 MESH:D001238 HIE GARD:0019875 MONDO:0006663 birth asphyxia neonatal hypoxic and ischaemic brain injury perinatal hypoxia A disorder caused by a lack of blood flow or gas exchange to or from the fetus in the period immediately before, during, or after the birth process. birth depression DOID:11088 fetal asphyxia asphyxia neonatorum perinatal depression perinatal asphyxia ICD9:768.9 hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy Orphanet:137577 intrapartum asphyxia EFO:1000824