obsolete hepatitis b vaccine, response to https://www.malacards.org/card/hepatitis_b_vaccine_response_to true OMIM:142395 MONDO:0044236 Obsoleted as it represents a trait or is a legacy entry OBSOLETE. More than 2 billion people have been infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV; see OMIM:610424), and more than 350 million of these people are chronic carriers. Each year more than half a million die as a result of acute or chronic HBV infection. Vaccination has been highly successful at preventing new HBV infections and has been implemented into the national immunization programs of more than 150 countries. However, the immune response to HBV vaccination varies greatly among individuals, with 5 to 10% of healthy adults failing to produce protective levels of antibodies. Several factors have been implicated in determining the response to HBV vaccination, including physical factors, such as age, gender, obesity, immunosuppression, and smoking, as well as variation in genes of the immune system (summary by {2:Davila et al., 2010}).