part_of part of part of develops from adjacent to has developmental contribution from contributes to morphology of immediate transformation of sense organ mouth oral opening digestive system gustatory system tongue http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Tongue.agr.jpg Many species of fish have small folds at the base of their mouths that might informally be called tongues, but they lack a muscular structure like the true tongues found in most tetrapods glossal in MA the tongue is part of the oral region, which in uberon is treated as the oral opening. consider revising oral opening - oral region equivalence. lingual The tongue has contributions from all pharyngeal arches which changes with time. The tongue initially begins as swelling rostral to foramen cecum, the median tongue bud.. tongue muscles derive from the somites - http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Tongue_Development#Pharyngeal_Arch_Contributions lingual swellings median lingual swelling lateral lingual swelling pharyngeal arch system future tongue digestive system element