inheres in at all times realizes has participant at some time (forall (x y t) (if (and (hasParticipantAt x y t) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant y)) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t) (specificallyDependsOnAt y z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [090-003] hasParticipantAt (forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (existsAt y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [089-001] has-participant_st BFO2 Reference: process (forall (x y t) (if (and (hasParticipantAt x y t) (GenericallyDependentContinuant y)) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (genericallyDependsOn y z t) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [091-003] (forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [087-001] (forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [088-001] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has participant at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has participant@en'(x,y,t) BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes. BFO2 Reference: independent continuant that is not a spatial region, specifically dependent continuant, generically dependent continuant has_participant is an instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a temporal region at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [086-003]) if b has_participant c at t & c is a generically dependent continuant, then there is some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, and which is such that c g-depends on d at t & b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [091-003]) if b has_participant c at t & c is a specifically dependent continuant, then there is some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, c s-depends_on d at t & b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [090-003]) if b has_participant c at t then b is an occurrent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [087-001]) if b has_participant c at t then c exists at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [089-001]) if b has_participant c at t then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [088-001]) continuant spatial region process