has bioreactor scale bioreactor bench bioreactor scale TOM - Kuhner bioreactor A bench-scale shaken bioreactor online monitoring system produced by Kuhner that enables parallel monitoring of up to 16 individual shake flasks. The system measures oxygen transfer rate (OTR), carbon dioxide transfer rate (CTR), and respiratory quotient (RQ) through automated analysis of respiratory gas exchange during orbital shaking incubation. This system is classified under bioreactor because of its use in conjunction with biological cultivation workflows. However, the Kuhner TOM is not strictly a bioreactor. Rather, it is an online respiratory gas monitoring and analytical system that measures oxygen transfer rate (OTR), carbon dioxide transfer rate (CTR), and respiratory quotient (RQ) in cultures grown in orbitally shaken vessels such as shake flasks.